GP73在肝癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系

目的：探讨GP73在肝癌组织中的表达及其与患者临床病理特征的关系。方法：采用RT-PCR及Western blot方法检测20例肝癌、相应癌旁组织和10例正常肝组织中GP73 mRNA及蛋白的表达情况,并分析其表达水平与临床病理特性的关系。结果：肝癌组织中,GP73 mRNA与蛋白表达水平均明显高于癌旁组织和正常肝组织（1.25±0.17 vs. 0.62±0.06,0.46±0.03;2.20±0.26 vs. 0.87±0.07,0.26±0.04）（均P<0.05）;GP73 mRNA及蛋白的表达水平在血管有无侵犯及肿瘤分化程度分组间差异有统计学意义,有血管侵犯和肿瘤分化低者GP73表达水平高于无侵犯及分化高者（均P<0.05）,而与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、肿瘤数目及血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）水平无明显关系（均P>0.05）。结论：GP73在肝癌组织中高表达,其表达水平与肝癌侵袭性密切相关;它有望成为新的判断肝癌侵袭性及术后转移复发的标志物。     

Expression of DeltaNp73 in hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice following GFP-BMSCs transplantation

Abstract

Objective: To study the effect of hippocampal bone marrow stromal cells (GFP-BMSCs) transplantation on spatial memory and DeltaNp73 expression in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.

Methods: Twelve APP/PS1 transgenic mice randomly received either 10 μl GFP-BMSCs suspension in medium (GFP-BMSCs transplantation group) or 10 μl complete medium (sham-operated group). Learning and memory function of mice in both groups were observed and tested in Morris water maze experiment at 2 weeks after surgery. Senile plaques and DeltaNp73 protein in hippocampuses were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot at 3 weeks after surgery, respectively.

Results: APP/PS1 mice treated with BMSCs performed significantly better on the water maze test than those in sham-operated group (P<0·05). Immunohistochemistry showed that GFP-BMSCs distributed uniformly and the number of Alzheimer’s senile plaques reduced after transplantation. Western blot showed that quantified DeltaNp73 protein expression was significantly higher in BMSCs transplantation group when compared with sham-operated group (P<0·01).

Conclusions: Our results suggest that BMSCs transplatation could retard Alzheimer’s disease (AD) like pathology and upregulate DeltaNp73 expression in hippocampuses of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. GFP-BMSCs transplantation will be a potential treatment for AD.     

A directly GP130-targeting small molecule ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) by inhibiting IL-6/GP130 signalling and Th17 differentiation

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with joint inflammation and destruction driven by T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is secreted by many cell types, including macrophages and synovial fibroblasts. It induces the differentiation and function of Th17 cells that can increase lymphocytic infiltration in the joint. LMT-28 can suppress IL-6 signalling through direct binding to glycoprotein-130 and alleviate inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. The purpose of this study was to assess whether LMT-28 could potently inhibit Th17 differentiation and to determine the mechanism involved in the attenuating effect of LMT-28 on rheumatoid arthritis through the IL-6 signalling pathway. LMT-28 reduced the arthritis score and showed protective effects against bone and cartilage destruction in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. In mice with CIA, LMT-28 markedly decreased serum levels of IL-6, TNF and IL-1β compared to vehicle control. Moreover, LMT-28 attenuated Th17 cell activation in lymph nodes of CIA mice. We demonstrated that LMT-28 suppressed differentiation of Th17 in mouse splenocytes and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Additionally, LMT-28 inhibited phosphorylation of GP130, STAT3 and ERK induced by Hyper-IL-6 in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Collectively, these results suggest that LMT-28 can inhibit differentiated/activated-Th17 cells in rheumatoid arthritis by blocking activation of the STAT3 pathway. LMT-28 can attenuate rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting differentiation/activation of Th17 cells and suppressing the proliferation and signalling activation of the IL-6/solubleIL-6 receptor complex stimulated FLS.     

Modulators in concert for cognition: modulator interactions in the prefrontal cortex

Research on the regulation and function of ascending noradrenergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic systems has focused on the organization and function of individual systems. In contrast, evidence describing co-activation and interactions between multiple neuromodulatory systems has remained scarce. However, commonalities in the anatomical organization of these systems and overlapping evidence concerning the post-synaptic effects of neuromodulators strongly suggest that these systems are recruited in concert; they influence each other and simultaneously modulate their target circuits. Therefore, evidence on the regulatory and functional interactions between these systems is considered essential for revealing the role of neuromodulators. This postulate extends to contemporary neurobiological hypotheses of major neuropsychiatric disorders. These hypotheses have focused largely on aberrations in the integrity or regulation of individual ascending modulatory systems, with little regard for the likely possibility that dysregulation in multiple ascending neuromodulatory systems and their interactions contribute essentially to the symptoms of these disorders. This review will paradigmatically focus on neuromodulator interactions in the PFC and be further constrained by an additional focus on their role in cognitive functions. Recent evidence indicates that individual neuromodulators, in addition to their general state-setting or gating functions, encode specific cognitive operations, further substantiating the importance of research concerning the parallel recruitment of neuromodulator systems and interactions between these systems.     

Evaluation of WO2017098421: GSK’s benzothiazine compounds as CD73 inhibitor filings

Introduction: There are considerable interests in the development of novel small-molecule CD73 inhibitors for the treatment of cancers, autoimmune diseases, precancerous syndromes, and other diseases associated with CD73 activity.

Areas covered: The application claims novel substituted benzothiadiazine derivatives as CD73 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer, precancerous syndromes, AIDS, autoimmune diseases, infections, atherosclerosis, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Many of the exemplified compounds have pIC50 values between 5 to 8.4 against CD73.

Expert Opinion: These benzothiadiazine derivatives provide good leads for the discovery of potent CD73 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and other diseases mediated by adenosine and its action on adenosine receptors.     

Why do we not want to recommend influenza vaccination to young children? A qualitative study of Australian parents and primary care providers

IntroductionInfluenza vaccination has been shown to be safe and effective against influenza and in the prevention of complicating secondary respiratory illnesses. However, its uptake in young children remains low. This study explored the views, attitudes and practices of parents and primary care providers (PCPs) on their knowledge and acceptance of influenza vaccination in children under 5.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional qualitative research design, we conducted 30 in-depth interviews with PCPs (i.e., general practitioners, practice nurses, maternal and child health nurses, and pharmacists) and five focus groups with parents (n = 50) between June 2014 and July 2015 in Melbourne, Australia. Data were thematically analysed.ResultsParents thought the vaccine could cause influenza, and influenza vaccination was not necessary for their children as they needed to build their own ‘immunity’. Parents said that they would consider vaccinating their children if recommended by their GP and if the influenza vaccine was part of the immunisation schedule. PCPs also expressed concerns regarding the efficacy of the vaccine as well as out-of-pocket costs incurred by families, and uncertainty regarding the mortality and morbidity of influenza in otherwise healthy children. However, they said they would recommend the vaccine to high-risk groups (e.g. children with chronic disease(s), and asthma).ConclusionDespite the established safety of influenza vaccines, barriers to uptake include concerns regarding the iatrogenic effects of vaccination, its administration schedule, and knowledge of influenza severity. Updated information on influenza and the efficacy of the vaccine, and incorporating influenza vaccination into the immunisation schedule may overcome some of these barriers to increase influenza vaccination in this vulnerable cohort.     

从K562细胞中提取热休克蛋白GP96及其对人树突状细胞分化和功能的影响

本研究旨在建立从K5 6 2细胞系中提取热休克蛋白GP96的方法 ,进而研究GP96对人树突状细胞分化和功能的影响。采用蛋白分离提纯技术 ,将K5 6 2细胞裂解 ,经饱和硫酸铵沉淀、亲和层析、离子交换层析后提纯出热休克蛋白GP96 ,用SDS PAGE凝胶电泳和Westernblot方法对其进行鉴定。将提纯的GP96加入从正常人外周血单个核细胞诱导培养的树突状细胞 (dendriticcell,DC)中 ,通过流式细胞术检测DC细胞表型变化 ,用MTT法测定混合淋巴细胞反应 (mixedlymphocytereaction ,MLR)。结果表明 :从 1× 10 1 0 K5 6 2细胞中能提纯出热休克蛋白GP96 6 0 - 80 μg ;加入GP96制备的HSP DC ,其细胞表面标志CD83、CD86和HLA DR的表达率比常规培养DC明显升高 ,CD1a表达率降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;HSP DC比常规培养DC具有更强的刺激混合淋巴细胞反应的能力 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :从K5 6 2细胞中可以提取出热休克蛋白GP96 ;热休克蛋白GP96可以促进树突状细胞分化成熟 ,使其具有更强的刺激同种异体人T淋巴细胞增殖的能力     

Successful prenatal management of two foetuses affected by antibodies against GP.Mur with prenatal genotyping analysis and a literature review

BackgroundGP.Mur belongs to the GP(B-A-B) hybrid glycophorin family, which is the most common hybrid glycophorin in Southeast Asia. Antibodies against GP.Mur may cause a clinically significant haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN) although, so far, not many cases have been reported in mainland China.Materials and methodsTwo Chinese women with a history of severe hydrops foetalis were seen in our centre. Alloantibody identification and GYP.Mur genotyping analysis were used for prenatal evaluation. Intrauterine transfusion was performed in two pregnancies in case 1. The features of these two women are described and literature-reported cases of HDFN related to antibodies against GP.Mur are summarised.ResultsThe phenotype of both mothers was Mi^a− Mur−, while the fathers’ was Mi^a+ Mur+ with a heterozygous GYP.Mur hybrid gene as determined by a high-resolution melting method of genotyping. In case 1, the antibodies against GP.Mur were detected in the mother’s serum and the cord blood of two foetuses. Fortunately, the latest foetus was successfully saved after intrauterine transfusion. In case 2, hydrops foetalis occurred in the first two pregnancies, but the risk of HDFN was excluded for the third foetus because of the GP.Mur negative phenotype. The literature review showed that 68.8% (11/16) of the reported cases of HDFN related to antibodies against GP.Mur occurred in the Chinese population, and that 37.5% (6/16) of them were cases of severe HDFN.DiscussionMore cases of severe HDFN caused by antibodies against GP.Mur are presumably undetected as GP.Mur cells are not included in the panel of obligatory screening tests in most Southeast Asian countries including mainland China. The high-resolution melting method for GYP.Mur genotyping and zygosity detection is helpful in prenatal management.