EIQ-ABC分析方法在药房自动化方案设计中的应用

目的:优化自动化药房设计方案,提高处方和药品全自动调配率。方法:根据EIQ(订单、货物、数量)-ABC方法,分析处方中药品品种、数量和各药品用量、使用频次等关键因素,将药品分类并确定调配方式、自动化调剂设备内外库存及货位等,提高自动化效率。结果:根据相应数据将药品分为9组,通过对各组药品的调配模式和库存规划进行合理优化,最终确定683种药品(60.93%)采用自动调配,处方全自动调配率达52.23%。结论:采用EIQ-ABC方法分析处方中药品,可为自动化药品调配方案提供数据依据,提高药房自动化效率。     

江苏省乳腺X射线摄影频度调查及乳腺癌风险评估

目的 调查估算江苏省乳腺X射线摄影的频度,进而估算乳腺摄影对江苏省女性人口的剂量负担,并评估乳腺摄影对江苏省各年龄组女性人口诱发乳腺癌的风险。方法 采用分层随机抽样调查的方法,通过调查30台乳腺摄影设备年检查人数和受检者年龄分布,估算全省乳腺摄影的频度,并计算乳腺摄影对女性人口的剂量负担。使用美国科学院电离辐射生物效应报告BEIR-Ⅶ中的超额归因风险（EAR）模型估算乳腺摄影检查对3个年龄组诱发乳腺癌的风险。结果 江苏省乳腺摄影检查的频度为3.77次/千人口;乳腺摄影对江苏省女性人口剂量负担为0.02 mGy/人。每次乳腺摄影检查对0~15岁组、16~40岁和>40岁3个年龄组的乳腺癌终生归因风险（LAR）分别为138/10万人、14.7/10万人和1.0/10万人。结论 乳腺摄影对人群乳腺癌诱发风险较小,但低年龄组的风险较大,提示针对低年龄乳腺摄影检查仍应慎重。     

S-(−)equol producing status not associated with breast cancer risk among low isoflavone-consuming US postmenopausal women undergoing a physician-recommended breast biopsy

Soy foods are the richest sources of isoflavones, mainly daidzein and genistein. Soy isoflavones are structurally similar to the steroid hormone 17β-estradiol and may protect against breast cancer. S-(−)equol, a metabolite of the soy isoflavone daidzein, has a higher bioavailability and greater affinity for estrogen receptor β than daidzein. Approximately one-third of the Western population is able to produce S-(−)equol, and the ability is linked to certain gut microbes. We hypothesized that the prevalence of breast cancer, ductal hyperplasia, and overall breast pathology will be lower among S-(−)equol producing, as compared with nonproducing, postmenopausal women undergoing a breast biopsy. We tested our hypothesis using a cross-sectional study design. Usual diets of the participants were supplemented with 1 soy bar per day for 3 consecutive days. Liquid chromatography–multiple reaction ion monitoring mass spectrometry analysis of urine from 143 subjects revealed 25 (17.5%) as S-(−)equol producers. We found no statistically significant associations between S-(−)equol producing status and overall breast pathology (odds ratio [OR], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23-1.89), ductal hyperplasia (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.20-3.41), or breast cancer (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.16-1.87). However, the mean dietary isoflavone intake was much lower (0.3 mg/d) than in previous reports. Given that the amount of S-(−)equol produced in the gut depends on the amount of daidzein exposure, the low soy intake coupled with lower prevalence of S-(−)equol producing status in the study population favors toward null associations. Findings from our study could be used for further investigations on S-(−)equol producing status and disease risk.     

Estimating mental workload through event-related fluctuations of pupil area during a task in a virtual world

Monitoring mental load for optimal performance has become increasingly central with the recently evolving need to cope with exponentially increasing amounts of data. This paper describes a non-intrusive, objective method to estimate mental workload in an immersive virtual reality system, through analysis of frequencies of pupil fluctuations. We tested changes in mental workload with a number of task-repetitions, level of predictability of the task and the effect of prior experience in predictable task performance, on mental workload of unpredictable task performance. Two measures were used to calculate mental workload: the ratio of Low Frequency to High Frequency components of pupil fluctuations, and the High Frequency alone, all extracted from the Power Spectrum Density of pupil fluctuations. Results show that mental workload decreases with a number of repetitions, creating a mode in which the brain acts as an automatic controller. Automaticity during training occurs only after a minimal number of repetitions, which once achieved, resulted in further improvements in the performance of unpredictable motor tasks, following training in a predictable task. These results indicate that automaticity is a central component in the transfer of skills from highly predictable to low predictable motor tasks. Our results suggest a potentially applicable method to brain–computer-interface systems that adapt to human mental workload, and provide intelligent automated support for enhanced performance.     

人群脉压分布特征的研究

目的：探讨脉压（PP）在人群的分布特征。方法：采用1997年北京城市、农村自然人群高血压普查资料（35－74岁）,共29707人,分析PP在人群不同性别、不同年龄组、不同血压水平、不同类型脑卒中分布频率（％）。结果：（1）随着血压的增高PP的分布频率也在增高,血压正常人群,PP在40－49mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)频率最高,在血压I期人群中频率最高的PP在60－69mmHg,在血压Ⅱ期人群中PP70－79mmHg分布频率最高,在血压Ⅲ期人群中频率最高的PP在90－99mmHg;（2）人群缺血性卒中PP高于出血性卒中PP。（3）农村人群高血压患病年龄早于城市4．3－6．4岁,城乡人群发病年龄有显性差异（P＝0．0000）;农村人群高血压患病率明显高于城市（P＝0．0000）;农村人群平均收缩压和舒张压显高于城市（P＝0．0000）。结论：PP增宽是动脉硬化及心血管病高危的一个标志。     

基于数据挖掘的王笑民教授治疗非小细胞肺癌的用药规律

目的：基于数据挖掘方法,对王笑民教授治疗非小细胞肺癌用药规律进行探究。方法：收集王笑民教授中医药治疗非小细胞肺癌病历资料并建立数据库,采用Excel、SPSS Statistics 25.0、SPSS Modeler18.0统计软件进行频数、聚类及关联规则分析等,对用药规律进行总结。结果：本研究纳入病例168例,男82例,女86例,年龄33～83岁,症状以咳嗽、咳痰、眠差等常见,中医辨证以瘀毒、相火妄动、脾虚等多见。纳入中药处方424首,涉及药物181味,高频中药29味,归经以肺、肝、脾为多,药性以寒、微寒、温为主,药味以甘、苦、辛多见。聚类分析得到5个药组。关联规则分析得到28条,白花蛇舌草-龙葵-白英-半枝莲-车前子,柴胡-法半夏-白芍,生黄芪-防风-炒白术常联合使用。症-证-药关联分析得出非小细胞肺癌患者以瘀毒证最为常见,常用半枝莲、白花蛇舌草、白英、龙葵、车前子。结论：王笑民教授治疗非小细胞肺癌,重在从肺、肝、脾论治,以清肺解毒、活血通滞、疏肝醒脾为治,明确邪正辨证关系及疾病发展的不同阶段,选择合适用药。     

双重围刺配合刺络拔罐治疗频次对急性带状疱疹疗效的影响

目的观察双重围刺配合刺络拔罐治疗急性期带状疱疹中治疗频次对临床疗效的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将100例急性期带状疱疹患者分为两组,每组50例。两组患者均口服盐酸伐昔洛韦和甲钴胺,联合双重围刺配合刺络拔罐治疗。试验组双重围刺法配合刺络拔罐的治疗频次为每日2次,对照组双重围刺法配合刺络拔罐的治疗频次为每日1次。对比观察两组患者治疗的临床疗效,止疱、结痂、脱痂时间,治疗前后疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分,疼痛缓解程度,每疗程末疼痛持续时间以及带状疱疹后遗神经痛发生率。结果试验组总有效率为98.0%,对照组总有效率为94.0%;两组治疗后VAS评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且试验组低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组止疱、结痂、脱痂时间短于对照组(P<0.05);试验组疼痛缓解程度大于对照组(P<0.05);试验组前3个疗程末日疼痛持续时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);试验组后遗神经痛发生率为10.0%,对照组为18.0%。结论西药口服联合每日2次的双重围刺配合刺络拔罐对急性期带状疱疹患者可提高临床疗效,减轻患者疼痛持续时间及疼痛程度,缩短病程,疗效肯定。     

Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19 in China

BackgroundIn March 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a pandemic. Currently, data on changes in sexual behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak are limited.AimThe present study aimed to obtain a preliminary understanding of the changes in people's sexual behavior, as a result of the pandemic, and explore the context in which they manifest.MethodsA convenience sample of 270 men and 189 women who completed an online survey consisting of 12 items plus an additional question were included in the study.OutcomesThe study outcomes were obtained using a study-specific questionnaire to assess the changes in people's sexual behavior.ResultsWhile there was a wide range of individual responses, our results showed that 44% of participants reported a decrease in the number of sexual partners and about 37% of participants reported a decrease in sexual frequency. Multiple regression analysis showed that age, partner relationship, and sexual desire were closely related to sexual frequency. In addition, we found that most individuals with risky sexual experiences had a rapid reduction in risky sexual behavior.Clinical ImplicationsThe current findings contribute to identifying another potential health implication associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and report preliminary evidence of the need to provide potential interventions for the population.Strength & LimitationsThis study is the first to perform a preliminary exploration of sexual behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak. The generalizability of the results is limited, given that only a small convenience sample was used.ConclusionDuring the height of the COVID-19 outbreak, overall sexual activity, frequency, and risky behaviors declined significantly among young men and women in China.Li W, Li G, Xin C, et al. Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19 in China. J Sex Med 2020;17:1225–1228.