Role of Purkinje cells in the ventral paraflocculus in short-latency ocular following responses

We describe the simple-spike activity of Purkin je cells (P cells) in the ventral paraflocculus (VPFL) of behaving monkeys in association with movements of the visual scene that evoke short-latency ocular following re sponses. One group of P cells discharged maximally for downward motion, and the other for motion toward the side of the recording. The onset of the simple-spike re sponse was measured in relation to the onset of ocular following in 24 P cells. The majority of P cells (79%) led by 1–9 ms. At the site of each recording, electrical stimuli (single negative pulses, 1.5–45 A; 0.2 ms in width) were applied and 60% (18/30) of the sites elicited eye movements in the preferred direction of the P cells. The latency of the single-pulse-evoked response in the ipsilateral eye ranged from 8.6 to 10.9 ms. These data suggest that the P cells in the VPFL play a role in ocular following; some discharge early enough to generate the very earliest eye movements.     

Hyaluronic acid as a medium for human sperm migration tests

Hyaluronic acid was used as a substitute for human cervical mucus as a medium for sperm migration since its viscosity, molecular weight and structure are similar to constituent glycoproteins of human cervical mucus. Parameters of sperm motility were comparable in human cervical mucus and hyaluronate as measured by a computerized sperm motion analysis system (Hamilton-Thorn 2030 and Str?mberg-Mika System). Sperm migration rates were also similar in human cervical mucus, bovine mucus and hyaluronic acid and the reproducibility was best in hyaluronic acid. Sperm survival for 24 h was maintained in human cervical mucus and hyaluronic acid but not in bovine mucus. The use of hyaluronic acid in sperm migration tests is recommended.     

Platelet activating factor enhances the acrosome reaction, fertilization in vitro by subzonal sperm injection and resulting embryonic development in the rabbit

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of plateletactivating factor (PAF) on the acrosome reaction and fertilizingcapacity of spermatozoa, and development of the resulting embryosin the rabbit. Rabbit spermatozoa were exposed to PAF, Iyso-PAF,or high ionic strength medium (HIS) prior to subzonal sperminjection (SUZI) into 326 mature oocytes, or morphological assessmentof the acrosome reaction. The rates of fertilization and blastocystformation were compared among the three treatment groups. Acrosomereaction was assessed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugatedPisum sativum agglutinin (FITC–PSA) staining and electronmicroscopy. PAF-treated spermatozoa fertilized the oocytes ata significantly higher rate (56.1%) than did lyso-PAF-(36.8%,P< 0.01) or HIS- (38.2%, P < 0.05) treated spermatozoa.The embryos produced by PAF-treated spermatozoa showed significantlyhigher blastocyst formation rates (34.0%) than lyso-PAF- (8.6%,P < 0.050) or HIS-(8.8%, P< 0.05) treated spermatozoa.FITC-PSA staining demonstrated a significantly higher incidenceof acrosome reaction in PAF-treated spermatozoa (45.8%) thanin Iyso-PAF- (28.0%, P < 0.01) or HIS- (34.9%, P < 0.01)treated spermatozoa. Acrosome reaction of PAF-treated spermatozoawas also confirmed by electron microscopy. PAF treatment ofspermatozoa enhances fertilizing capacity for SUZI possiblyby augmenting the acrosome reaction. Enhanced embryonic developmentwas also found in the oocytes fertilized by SUZI of PAF-treatedspermatozoa.     

自动递增刺激记录大鱼际肌运动单位估数及其可重复性

目的 :建立自动递增刺激记录正中神经支配的大鱼际肌运动单位估数 (motorunitnumberestimation ,MUNE)正常值并研究其与年龄、性别的关系和该技术的重复性。方法 :用自动递增刺激记录技术估测正中神经支配的大鱼际肌运动单位数 ,检测无神经肌肉病变的正常人 6 0名 ,年龄 2 0～ 88岁 ,平均 5 0 33± 2 0 81岁。结果 :①正常人正中神经支配的大鱼际肌MUNE为 30 0± 83个 ,三个年龄组的MUNE分别为 35 3± 6 3个 (2 0～ 39岁 )、32 2± 5 4个 (4 0～ 5 9岁 )、2 16± 5 9个 (6 0～ 88岁 ) ;②正常人大鱼际肌MUNE与年龄呈负相关 ,与性别无关 ,6 0岁以上组大鱼际肌MUNE比 6 0岁以下各组明显减少 (P <0 0 0 1) ;③大鱼际肌MUNE重复性实验两次检查值相差不显著 (P =0 3)。结论 :自动递增刺激记录正中神经支配的大鱼际肌MUNE为 30 0± 83个 ,随年龄的增大持续性下降 ,特别在 6 0岁后运动单位数下降明显 ,运动单位估数应考虑年龄因素。大鱼际肌MUNE有良好的可靠性和重复性 ,与性别无关。     

脑卒中患者步行时躯体运动的三维运动学研究

目的:通过对脑卒中患者躯体运动的三维运动学分析,比较分析偏瘫步态躯体运动变化与其步行能力(步速)之间的关系,探讨影响偏瘫患者步行能力恢复的量化指标。方法:选择首次脑卒中后可以独立步行10m以上的偏瘫患者39例,采用远红外线三维步态分析系统进行步态检测与分析,对偏瘫步态躯体的运动学参数与其步行能力(步速)进行相关分析。结果:脑卒中患者的步行能力与骨盆旋转运动之间的相关有显著性意义(r=-0.396.P<0.05);其步行能力与躯体侧方运动呈负相关,而与其躯体垂直运动呈正相关(r=-0.755,P<0.01;r=0.534,P<0.01),步行能力与Barthel指数正相关(r=0.475,P<0.01)。结论:脑卒中患者躯体和骨盆运动障碍是影响步态恢复的重要因素,提示躯体的协调性训练和骨盆的控制性训练对改善脑卒中偏瘫患者步行能力具有积极的作用。     

结肠镜下诊治老年性大肠息肉的临床价值

目的探讨结肠镜下老年性大肠息肉的诊断、治疗及癌变的相关因素。方法回顾性整理连续6年来高频电治疗老年性大肠息肉226例,分析其息肉的大小、部位、基蒂和组织学特点。结果便血是结肠息肉最常见的症状,直乙状结肠是息肉的好发部位,>2cm,广基腺瘤性息肉发现癌变的比例高。结论高频电切除老年性大肠息肉是安全、经济、简单、痛苦小的治疗方法。积极治疗大肠腺瘤性息肉是预防老年性大肠癌的措施之一。     

强迫性上肢训练对缺血性脑卒中大鼠神经传导束的影响

目的探讨强制性功能训练对大鼠模型的神经传导束的影响。方法55只雌性SD大鼠随机分成两组：模型自然恢复（NR）组和模型强制训练（CIMT）组。CIMT组每天束缚健侧上肢强制进行滚筒、平衡木、网屏训练;NR组放在相同的自然环境下饲养。CIMT组在术后5d、10d、15d、30d、60d分别训练,行为学评分。最后的时间点各取5只大鼠,分别行核磁共振扫描,取大脑脚和脊髓进行髓鞘染色进行光镜观察。结果CIMT组的平衡能力、协调能力和患侧上肢的肌力较NR组恢复快（P〈0.05）。CI-MT组患侧大脑脚和脊髓的神经纤维明显增粗,较少脱髓鞘,细胞数也略增多。结论CIMT训练可以最大限度地募集患侧存在功能的神经纤维（神经传导束）,降低其脱髓鞘的神经传导束的数目。     

不同来源精子对ICSI助孕结局的影响

目的探讨不同来源精子对卵胞浆内单精子注射助孕结局的影响。方法回顾分析我中心2008年1月至2012年6月1129个ICSI治疗周期,射出A组858例,附睾穿刺B组229例,睾丸穿刺C组42例,比较3组的临床结局。结果 A组年龄较B、C组大,内膜厚度薄;C组获卵数及ICSI卵数较A、B组多;B组优质胚胎率高于A组,种植率及活产率高于A、C两组（P〈0.05）。通过多元逻辑斯蒂回归模型分析精子来源与活产率的相关性,校正混杂因素后,A组相对于B组的OR值为0.559（95%CI 0.416-0.752）,C组相对于B组的OR值为0.513（95%CI 0.264-0.998）。结论附睾穿刺来源精子行ICSI可获得较好的临床结局。     

精卵孵育时间与活性氧的关系以及对体外受精结局的影响

目的检测长、短时受精受精液中活性氧的不同,分析精卵孵育不同时间对体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响。方法155例接受常规IVF受精的患者,每人取出的OCCC随机分为两组：A组为短时受精,B组为长时受精。检测受精液中H202、CTA的含量。移植的119名患者随机分为两组,一组60人移植短时受精的胚胎,一组59人移植长时受精的胚胎。结果B组的受精液中H202水平明显高于A组（P〈0．05）,CTA水平明显低于A组（P〈0．05）。B组的多精受精率明显高于A组（P〈0．05）,A组的优胚率明显高于B组（P〈0．05）,两组间的受精率、卵裂率、植入率、临床妊娠率无统计学差异。结论长时受精时,过量的活性氧对卵子及胚胎有不利影响。短时受精在不影响受精率的前提下,可以降低多精受精率,提高优胚率。     

骨皮质切开术对比格犬前磨牙压入移动影响的三维形态学研究

目的 评估骨皮质切开术辅助前磨牙压低的加速效应和牙根、牙槽骨改建情况。方法 8只比格犬的下颌骨两侧随机分为实验侧、对照侧,实验侧用骨皮质切开术和微种植体支抗（MIA）压低第三前磨牙（P3）和第四前磨牙（P4）,对照侧用MIA压低P3和P4。在术前和加力后2、4、8、12周分别拍摄锥形束CT,分析P3、P4的压低量、根分叉和根尖区的牙根吸收量以及周围牙槽骨高度降低量。结果 实验侧牙齿的压低量明显大于对照侧（P<0.05）;实验侧和对照侧牙齿根分叉、根尖区的牙根均出现吸收,加力后12周实验侧根尖区牙根吸收小于对照侧（P<0.05）;牙槽骨高度随着加力时间的延长而降低,加力后8、12周时,对照侧牙槽骨高度降低量明显小于实验侧（P<0.05）。结论 骨皮质切开术能加速磨牙的压低,同时能减少压低过程中的牙根吸收。