乌鲁木齐市工业区及阿勒泰地区儿童支气管哮喘的流行病学调查

选择乌鲁木齐市的几个工业区和阿勒泰地区进行了儿童哮喘的流行病学调查。初步摸清了两地区儿童哮喘的发病情况,患病率分别为0.94％和0.49％,为今后我区儿童哮喘的防治提供了基础数据。同时,我们还收集了近6年来乌鲁木齐市地区的气象资料,对气象因素与哮喘之间的关系作了初步分析。     

基于系统输出分布的智能控制

提出了文题所述的控制策略,依据输出分布曲线的特征变量选取方法和依据该项信息的规则控制系统。仿真研究得到了满意的结果。在一个实验性二元精馏塔上用IBM-PC进行试验亦获成功。本法对具有非线性特性的分布参数对象,较常规控制策略有明显的优越性。     

不同记忆负荷对事件相关电位—P300的影响

我们研究了不同记忆负荷条件下,ERP-P_(300)变化的规律性和特点及ERP-P_(300)与脑力负荷难度之间的关系。在三种脑力作业时,要求受试者记忆2、4、6位随机数字。结果表明,1、随着记忆数字增加,P_(300)波幅相应增大,三种记忆作业P_(300)波幅之间均有显著性差异。2、记忆错误率和记忆难度主观评价值,亦随着记忆数字增加而增大,且在三种记忆作业之间均有显著性差异。3、P_(300)波幅和记忆难度主观评价值之间相关分析表明呈正相关(P<0.01)。我们建议,P_(300)波幅测量可以作为评价脑力负荷的一项客观指标。     

3856例农村妇女病普查中宫颈炎资料分析

目的:了解农村妇女宫颈炎的发病情况及影响因素,提出干预措施。方法:对妇女病普查资料进行回顾性分析,将3856例被检查者按年龄、文化程度、避孕方法、妇科检查情况、白带化验结果、宫颈粘液检查结果归类统计。结果:宫颈炎的发病率为73.05％,发病率与年龄、受教育程度有关(P<0.01);阴道清洁度越差,宫颈炎发病率越高(P<0.05);发病类型以中度颗粒型糜烂最多,占27.49％,其次是轻度单纯型糜烂、中度单纯型糜烂,分别为13.51％、11.85％;宫颈炎伴有其他妇科疾病者占65.33％;使用带尾丝IUD组发病率最高,为94.48％,其次是应用避孕药组,避孕套组发病率最低(P<0.05)。结论:农村妇女中宫颈炎发病率较高,发病率与年龄、文化程度、阴道清洁度、STD感染有关,多伴发其他妇科炎症性疾病。防治宫颈炎的关键是早期发现和及时治疗,同时加强性卫生保健知识宣传教育。     

A New Acceleration Driven Pacemaker: Rate Modulation Versus Normal Sinus Rhythm—Comparison During Treadmill Exercise

The pocing rate response of a new acceleration driven pulse generator (SWING 100, SORIN BIOMEDICA) was compared with simultaneous normal sinus rhythm (NSR) during two different treadmill exercises. This pacemaker has a gravitational acceleration sensor able to discriminate between physical activities and vibrations. Six healthy volunteers (three male, three female; aged 21.7 ± 4,3 years), with the pacemaker strapped to their right infraclavicular area, performed each test three times with different rise response curve (RRC) each time: fast, normal, and slow. The fall response curve used was the same as the rising one during each test. Pacing rates were recorded using the VEGA analyzer (SORIN BIOMEDICA) and compared with simultaneous NSR recorded by a 7-channel ECG recorder (MINGOGRAF 7, SIEMENS), During all tests immediate (within seconds) rapid increase in pacemaker rate was seen up to about 60 seconds, then a slower increase followed thereafter. The mean correlation between pacing rates and NSR during the Bruce tests were 0.7941 ± 0.10, 0.8562 ± 0.14, and 0.8292 ± 0.07; during the discontinous tests 0.7292 ± 0.16, 0.7233 ± 0.10, and 0.7480 ± 0.11 for fast, normal, and slow RRC, respectively. Each 30 seconds, nonsignificant differences were present between pacing rate and NSR during all the discontinuous tests; similar responses were observed only during the first two stages of Bruce tests after which NSR was significantly higher than pacemaker rates. The speed of rise to upper rate was the main difference between the different programs (fast, normal, and slow). The discontinuous tests showed that the pacemaker responds more to speed than to grade. In conclusion, the Swing pacemaker is easy to use and program, fast, reliable, and is able to mimic the normal sinus behavior especially during discontinuous activities.     

Infusion clearance of subcutaneous iothalamate versus standard renal clearance

 Accurate, timed urine collections for the measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) may be impractical in infants or in patients with urological abnormalities. GFR may be measured without urine collection using a constant subcutaneous infusion of iothalamate. We compare the infusion clearance with conventional renal clearance in 14 children and young adults. The mean clearance ratio (infusion clearance/renal clearance ± 1 SD) was 0.99±0.1 and the mean discrepancy between the two methods was 8.5%±4.7%. The 95% limits of agreement for the ratio of the two methods are 0.83–1.23. These data indicate that subcutaneous infusion of iothalamate is a practical method for measuring GFR in children without a urine collection. Received March 18, 1996; received in revised form February 12, 1997; accepted March 26, 1997     

气功对冠心病人CM_5ST段/心率斜率的影响

37名冠心病患者随机分为气功治疗组(22人)和对照组(15人)。气功治疗组接受12周动功治疗,对照组接受安慰剂治疗,治疗前后均测定CM_5 ST段/心率斜率。结果发现动功治疗组CM_5 ST段/心率斜率减少,而对照组不变或增大,两组有显著性差异,ST段下移及常规分级运动试验其它指标在两组间无显著差异。表明CM_5ST段/心率斜率是一个敏感的心肌缺血指标。     

A porcine model for sequential assessments of cerebral haemodynamics and metabolism

We present a physiologically stable porcine model designed for sequential assessments of pharmacological effects on mean hemispheric cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) at sustained normocapnia. The dynamic influence of continuously administered fentanyl (0.040 mg.kg-1.h-1 i.v.), nitrous oxide (70%) and pancuronium (0.30 mg.kg-1.h-1 i.v.) on these variables was studied in eight normoventilated pigs. CBF was reliably assessable at 10-min intervals by clearance of intra-arterially injected 133Xe, monitored by an extracranial scintillation detector. CMRO2 was calculated from CBF and the simultaneously measured cerebral arteriovenous difference in blood oxygen content. The intracerebral distribution of a contrast medium injected into the external and internal carotid arteries was studied by angiography, and the cerebral venous outflow was investigated by measurements of the distribution of an intra-arterially administered non-diffusible tracer, [99mTc]pertechnetate, to the internal and external jugular veins. After a 3-h equilibration period, CBF and CMRO2 were determined on six occasions over a study period lasting 1 h 40 min. The mean ranges of these variables were 56-60 and 1.9-2.0 ml.100 g-1.min-1, respectively. We conclude that the model enables repeated assessments of CBF and CMRO2 under stable physiological background conditions and thus valid cerebral pharmacodynamic investigations of drugs given for anaesthesia.     

Risk factors for Caesarean section in Italy: results of amulticentre study

A recent large increase in Caesarean section (CS) in Italy was the initial stimulus for a study to identify risk factors for CS and, if possible, to suggest strategies to counteract the rise. The study was conducted in three hospitals where a wide range of individual variables was collected from the clinical records and from personal interviews. Crude CS rates and odds ratios were evaluated for each single variable while logistic regression has been used to investigate possible confounding factors. The study involved 1316 consecutive deliveries. Crude CS rates were 29.4%, 15.7% and 16.1%. Variables identified as high risk factors were pre-eclampsia, previous CS, breech and other non-vertex presentations. Antenatal care under an obstetrician working in the same hospital, a low number of antenatal consultations, previous miscarriages, offer (by obstetrician) and request (by women) for CS showed significantly high odds ratios (ORs). Previous live births was strongly negatively associated with CS. No relationship between type of delivery and social status was observed while a physician factor was detected in all three hospitals where rates for different physicians ranged from 0% to 52.8%. Apart from the main medical indications for Caesarean section (previous CS, breech presentation), the results seem to indicate that individual practice style may be an important determinant of the wide variation in the rates of Caesarean delivery. While this may have been suspected before this study, these results are the first hard data to indicate that, in Italy, CS is widely performed for non-medical reasons.     

农村健康保险的精算体系

本文提出了我国农村健康保险的精算体系和测算保险费、管理费、储备金、预防保健费、保险因子、增加系数、医药费及其补偿比的实用方法。