hTERT反义cDNA对人脑胶质瘤细胞的抑制作用

目的探讨人端粒酶催化亚基(hTERT)反义cDNA(pAdeasy-hTERT)在体外对胶质瘤细胞生长的抑制作用。方法将腺病毒介导的pAdeasy-hTERT作用于人胶质瘤细胞系U251,用MTT法检测细胞存活率、端粒酶重复序列扩增法测定端粒酶活性、Westem杂交鉴定hTERT蛋白的表达、RT-PCR法检测hTERT cDNA水平、PCNA观察肿瘤细胞的凋亡情况以及用流式细胞仪对转染后肿瘤细胞的周期进行分析。结果pAdeasy-hTERT在体外明显抑制肿瘤细胞生长,降低端粒酶活性,抑制hTERT表达。结论pAdeasy-hTERT显著抑制人胶质瘤细胞生长,可成为恶性胶质瘤基因治疗的靶基因。     

人精子体外氧化损伤对线粒体tRNA~(LeuUUR)基因的影响

目的:探讨活性氧(ROS)对人类精子线粒体tRNALeuUUR基因的氧化损伤。方法:采用Percoll梯度离心法筛选具有正常生理功能的精子,作为正常精子模型,并分为损伤组20例和对照组20例,分别加入次黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶体系或不予处理,37℃有氧环境中孵育60min。分别提取精子DNA,以Fpg酶切损伤碱基并采用接头介导PCR(LM-PCR)检测线粒体tRNALeuUUR基因的氧化损伤。采用Rhodamine(Rh123)荧光探针标记精子,通过流式细胞仪检测线粒体膜电位,观察精子的功能。结果:与对照组相比,损伤组精子孵育后线粒体膜电位明显降低[(116.27±11.72)%vs(64.00±4.88)%,P<0.05]。Fpg酶切和LM-PCR显示精子线粒体tRNALeuUUR基因损伤。结论:ROS可能通过对精子线粒体tRNALeuUUR基因氧化损伤而影响精子功能(线粒体膜电位明显降低),从而引起不育。     

Leishmania identification by PCR of Giemsa-stained lesion imprint slides stored for up to 36 years

This study examined the ability of PCR to amplify Leishmania DNA, stored on Giemsa-stained slides, from American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) patients. In total, 475 slides stored for up to 36 years were obtained from an outpatient clinic in a Brazilian ACL-endemic region, and Leishmania DNA was amplified from 395 (83.2%) of the DNA samples using primers specific for the minicircle kinetoplast DNA. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of these amplicons demonstrated that Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis was the only species present in these samples. The results demonstrated that archived Giemsa-stained slides can provide a Leishmania DNA source for performing clinical and epidemiological studies of leishmaniasis.     

Development and evaluation of a new PCR assay for detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa D genotype

This report describes a new PCR-based assay for the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa genotype D in occupational saturation diving systems in the North Sea. This genotype has persisted in these systems for 11 years (1993-2003) and represents 18% of isolates from infections analysed during this period. The new PCR assay was based on sequences obtained after randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR analysis of a group of isolates related to diving that had been identified previously by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The primer set for the D genotype targets a gene that codes for a hypothetical class 4 protein in the P. aeruginosa PAO1 genome. A primer set able to detect P. aeruginosa at the species level was also designed, based on the 23S-5S rDNA spacer region. The two assays produced 382-bp and 192-bp amplicons, respectively. The PCR assay was evaluated by analysing 100 P. aeruginosa isolates related to diving, representing 28 PFGE genotypes, and 38 clinical and community P. aeruginosa isolates and strains from other species. The assay identified all of the genotype D isolates tested. Two additional diving-relevant genotypes (TP2 and TP27) were also identified, as well as three isolates of non-diving origin. It was concluded that the new PCR assay is a useful tool for early detection and prevention of infections with the D genotype.     

石家庄地区汉族人群DIS80(pMCT118)位点VNTR基因频率分布调查

本文采用ＰＣＲ技术对石家庄地区２１６名无关个体ＤＩＳ８０（ｐＭＣＴ１１８）位点扩增片段长度多态性的等位基因频率进行调查。ＰＣＲ扩增产物采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分型及溴化乙锭染色，共检出７０种基因型，２５个等位基因，其中以１８、２４、３０三个等位基因频率最高。将本文结果与日本人群在ＤＩＳ８０（ｐＭＣＴ１１８）位点多态性结果进行比较，石家庄地区汉族人群ＤＩＳ８０（ｐＭＣＴ１１８）位点基因频率分布符合ＨａｒｄｙＷｅｉｎｂｅｒｇ平衡定律，该位点非父排除率为０．７１，个体识别率为０．９，杂合度为０．８５。     

PCR和ELISA法在检测HBV-DNA、HCV-RNA和结核分枝杆菌中的作用

目的:探讨PCR技术和ELISA法在检测HBV-DNA、HCV-RNA和结核分枝杆菌中的作用,以及与直接涂片法的对比结果.方法:分别用两法对临床确诊的感染病例和非感染者同时进行检测,并进行对比分析.结果:HBeAg阳性者HBV-DNA阳性,检出率为96.8%,HCV-RNA阳性检出率为19.4%.不同标本TB-DNA平均阳性检出率为39.98%.结论:PCR法灵敏度和特异度分别高于ELISA法和涂片查菌法.     

套式PCR检测细菌16SrRNA基因

目的　应用套式PCR建立快速检查方法来检测血液中是否含有细菌。方法　采用细菌 1 6SrRNA基因通用引物 ,通过套式PCR方法对细菌进行扩增 ,并对其灵敏度、特异性作一评价。结果　临床常见细菌扩增反应为阳性 ,其他病原微生物及人类基因组DNA为阴性。结论　本法具有敏感、快速、特异、准确的优点 ,是一种可靠的实验手段     

人肿瘤特异抗原MAGE-3基因疫苗的构建和表达

目的：克隆肿瘤特异性共享抗原mage-3基因，制备基于α－病毒复制酶的高效黑色素瘤特异性基因疫苗。方法：用RT-PCR方法从黑色素瘤细胞系LB373中制备mage-3基因，以含α－病毒复制酶的哺乳细胞高效表达质粒pSMART2a为载体，构建重组DNA疫苗。重组子用载体中的T7和T3启动子序列为测序引物进行自动测序。再将鉴定过的重组质粒用脂质体法转化293细胞，用免疫印迹法和免疫组化法鉴定转化细胞中mage-3蛋白的表达。结果：正确构建了mage-3/pSMART2a重组质粒，并且在转化此质粒的293细胞中检测出了mage-3蛋白的表达。结论：此重组mage-3/pSMART2a质粒可以作为肿瘤特异的DNA疫苗，可进行下一步的肿瘤动物模型的疫苗接种及相关免疫学效应研究。     

荧光原位杂交法快速鉴定血培养阳性葡萄球菌的临床应用

目的快速鉴定血培养中的金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CoNS),结合临床快速判定是否为污染菌。方法采用荧光原位杂交法鉴定血培养中的金黄色葡萄球菌和CoNS,杂交结果若为CoNS,根据临床资料进行判断,并与文献推荐的污染判断法进行结果比较。结果探针的特异性经由标准菌株和临床分离菌株证实。金黄色葡萄球菌探针的特异性和敏感性均为100%,GoNS探针的特异性和敏感性分别为100%和95.5%。179株CoNS中117株判断为污染菌,污染率为68%,与文献推荐的污染判断方法一致。结论荧光原位杂交法适用于血培养中的金黄色葡萄球菌和CoNS的快速鉴定,以排除CoNS污染。     

Presence of beta human papillomaviruses in nonmelanoma skin cancer from organ transplant recipients and immunocompetent patients in the West of Scotland

Background  Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has been linked to cutaneous human papillomaviruses of the genus beta (betaPV).
Objectives  We sought to assess the presence of betaPV in NMSC biopsies from a group of Scottish skin cancer patients, both immunocompetent (IC) patients and immunosuppressed (IS) organ transplant recipients.
Methods  One hundred and twenty-one paraffin-embedded skin tumours (27 actinic keratosis, 41 intraepidermal carcinoma, 53 squamous cell carcinoma) and 11 normal skin samples were analysed for the presence of betaPV by a polymerase chain reaction–reverse hybridization assay designed to detect the presence of the 25 known betaPV genotypes.
Results  In IC patients, betaPV was detected in 30 of 59 (51%) tumours and two of 11 (18%) normal skin samples ( P  =   0·046). In IS patients, betaPV was found in 27 of 62 (44%) tumours; no normal skin samples were available for comparison. The most frequently found genotypes were HPV-24, HPV-15 and HPV-38. Of those tumours infected with betaPV, 28 of 57 (49%) were infected with more than one genotype (range 2–8). Tumours from IS patients were from a younger age group (mean age 57·4 years) than IC patients (mean age 73·8 years). Multiple infections were more common in tumours from IC patients (21 of 30; 70%) compared with those from IS patients (seven of 27; 26%) ( P  <   0·001). In the IC group, age did not appear to influence the distribution of single and multiple infections whereas in IS patients the proportion of multiple infections to single infections increased with age. There were no multiple infections in normal skin.
Conclusions  A wide spectrum of betaPV types was detected in our samples. Further characterization of betaPV in vivo is needed in order to determine the mechanisms by which the virus contributes to cutaneous carcinogenesis.