Anticonvulsant Activities of 4–Bromobenzaldehyde Semicarbazone

Summary: Some of the properties of 4–bromobenzalde-hyde semicarbazone (compound IV), a prototype molecule of a new class of anticonvulsants, aryl semicarbazones, are described. Compound IV demonstrated activity in the maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol (scPTZ) tests in mice, with low neurotoxicity. When given orally to rats, it displayed high potency in the MES test and very low neurotoxicity, resulting in a high protective index (PI). Compound IV displayed no proconvulsant properties, and development of rapid tolerance was not noted. When administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at doses of 100, 300, or 600 mg/kg to rats, compound IV had no effect on levels of γ-aminobu-tyric acid (GABA) or on GABA-T activity in whole brain. When tested in vitro, compound IV had no effect on rat brain GABA-T at a drug concentration of 100 μM. Although the activities of certain drug-metabolizing enzymes were increased after oral administration of compound IV to rats, these effects were less prominent than those of phenytoin (PHT) and carbamazepine (CBZ). The principal mode of action of compound IV does not appear to be an interaction with the GABA_A receptor complex, and other mechanisms, involving excitatory amino acid neurotransmission, will have to be considered in future investigations of the anticonvulsant activity of this compound.     

Monitoring of skin response to sodium lauryl sulphate: clinical scores versus bioengineering methods

The present trial was designed to evaluate clinical scores (single observer) of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS)-induced skin irritation in a group of subjects (n = 10) over a 10-day period along with various skin function parameters. In order to avoid significant variations due to secondary phenomena, the following parameters were recorded with non-invasive instruments in this order: skin capacitance (C1; arbitrary units; CM420 Corneometer), transepidermal water loss (TEWL; g/m2.h; Evaporimeter) and laser Doppler flowmetry (CBFV: cutaneous blood flow values; Periflux). All examinations were performed during winter on reclined relaxed subjects present for at least 10 min in a test room with controlled temperature and relative humidity (t degrees: 19.5-20.7 degrees C and RH: 47.3-60.3%). The analysis of differential data (delta = value at tx-value before test; 2-way ANOVA) was made on single parameters as a function of site (volar forearm versus neck) and time (from 24 h after 48-h occlusion with 5% SLS up to 10 days later). The profile of erythema scores over time differed between neck and forearm, but the delta CBFV readings with the laser Doppler instrument did not detect significant site-time interactions. Roughness (blind evaluation with palpating finger) and capacitance readings (delta C1) showed significant differences between sites, but the profile over time was similar in both locations. delta TEWL did not differ according to anatomical location. The reason for different erythema scores on neck and forearm might be related to inherent regional variation of optical properties of the skin or to a substantial contribution of SLS-induced roughness to the readings of erythema.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

抗衰老药物家蚕寿命测定法的研究

本实验表明，多种中药材，如香附子、花粉、党参、菟丝子、蛇床子等的提取液涂在桑叶上喂蚕，能显著延长蚕蛾寿命，但对家蚕幼虫龄期无明显影响。这种实验方法重演性好，如能进一步完善试验方法，将可用于筛选抗衰老药物的研究。     

三种虾蛄肌肉营养成分分析及评价

虾蛄俗称“虾爬子”,“螳螂虾”,“琵琶虾”、“小龙虾”等 ,隶属节肢动物门 ,甲壳纲 ,口足目 ,虾蛄科的经济海产动物 ,主要生活在近海浅滩泥质海底巢穴中 ,全国各地的沿海都有分布。近年来随着人们膳食结构的转变 ,虾蛄是深受人们喜爱的佳肴 ,也是出口创汇的水产品之一。对虾蛄 ,国内外均有研究 [1～ 6 ]。但对营养成分分析报道较少[7,8] 。本研究分别对三种虾蛄的基本营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸的组成和含量进行比较研究 ,为虾蛄的人工养殖和综合利用提供基础数据。1　材　料　与　方　法1 .1　材料　　实验所用口虾蛄 ( Oratosquilla ora…     

肺部三种疾病模糊数学鉴别诊断的探讨

本文对肺部三种疾病１５３６例患者的病历资料，按病种作了统计归类。运用模糊数学原理建立了征候一疾病间的模糊关系矩阵，用参量加权模糊综合评判模型，对肺部三种疾病鉴别诊断的符合率达８２．９１％以上，因此认为文中建立的模型，对肺部三种疾病鉴别诊断具有参考价值。     

Evaluation of allergenicity of genetically modified soybean protein extract in a murine model of oral allergen-specific sensitization

Background With the development of genetically modified crop plants there has been a growing interest in the approaches available to assess the potential allergenicity of novel gene products. For additional assessment of the potential allergenicity of expressed proteins, informative data can be generated using animal models. Soybean is one of the major source of protein in human and animal nutrition, and has also been well characterized as a major allergenic source. Advances in biotechnology have resulted in an increasing number of genetically engineered foods, and among these soybean is one of the most widespread. Objective To develop and characterize a murine model of IgE‐mediated soybean sensitization induced by intragastric immunization, in the presence of Cholera Toxin, with wild‐type soybean extract (wt‐SE) or with genetically modified soybean extract (gm‐SE). Methods Balb/c mice born in our animal facilities, from females fed on soy‐free food, were fed with the same soy‐free food and used in all the experiments. Mice were sensitized by gavages with soybean extracts, and allergen‐specific IgE and IgG responses were studied by direct ELISA and ELISA inhibition. Antigen‐specific cell proliferation and cytokine production were evaluated in spleen cell cultures. Results Sensitization with both soybean extracts induced high levels of antigen‐specific IgE and IgG1 and low levels of specific IgG2a. Both wt‐SE and gm‐SE were able to inhibit the binding of specific IgE from mice immunized with gm‐SE to the same antigen used for the ELISA coating. A comparable proliferative response was obtained with the homologous as well as with the heterologous extracts. Conclusion In sensitized mice, we observed a predominantly T‐helper type 2 (Th2)‐type immune response, with increased soybean‐specific IgE and IgG1 antibodies and a concomitant increase of IL‐4 and IL‐5 production. Results obtained by specific IgE ELISA inhibition and by antigen‐specific T cell proliferation demonstrated that wt‐SE and gm‐SE shared B and T epitopes. The present murine model of soybean sensitization established by the oral route should provide valuable information about risk assessment for food allergy from new proteins of genetically modified foods.     

酱油卫生状况模糊评价模型的建立

目前酱油卫生状况采用单项的评价方法，存在着轻重不分等不科学因素。如食盐超标与大肠菌超标及重金属超标有着极大的差别。为了消除这种差别，根据模糊数学原理、建立Ｍ（·＋）综合评价模型［１］对宁德地区１９８９年酱油抽查检验结果进行卫生学评价取得了满意结果，从而为酱油卫生综合评价建立了有效的评价模型。     

人胎盘提取组织凝血活酶及其质量评价

利用人胎盘抽提得组织凝血活酶，并对其质量进行了评价，同时初步应用于临床。结果显示：用含表面活性剂的抽提剂粉碎抽提的效果较好，所得组织凝血活酶重复性、灵敏度、稳定性均令人满意；与上海荣盛生物制品厂生产的ＰＴ试剂盒比较相关性好：Ｙ＝２．７５＋０．９０５ｘ，ｒ＝０．９２５３，经相关系数ｔ检验，ｔ＝２６．５４６９，Ｐ＜０．００１，呈直线正相关。临床初步应用显示：肝病及抗凝治疗等病人ＰＴ时间明显延长，９３例正常人ｘ＝１１．３秒，ｓ＝０．９６秒，正常范围９．４２－１３．１８秒。     

综合性营养评估法在维持性血液透析患者中的应用分析

目的 对血液透析患者的几项营养指标进行评估。方法 依据SGA评分对142例维持性血液透析患者进行主观综合性营养评估（SGA）、膳食调查、生化参数的测量。结果 平均每日每公斤体重能量和蛋白质摄入（DEI、DPI）、血白蛋白，均有显著性差异（P〈0．001—0．05）。但营养良好组的DPI和DEI异常率高达49．0％、46．0％，重度营养不良组中各指标异常率均在80％以上。血前白蛋白与白蛋白有显著相关（P〈0．01），与DPI、DEI均无相关。结论 SGA是评价血透患者营养状况的简便方法，但还需其它反映营养状况不同侧面的指标的补充，如DEI、DPI、血白蛋白。前白蛋白作为血透患者营养监测的常规指标有待进一步证实。     

阿奇霉素治疗支原体肺炎的临床疗效评价

目的 :评价阿奇霉素治疗支原体肺炎的临床疗效。方法 :对诊断明确的 5 2例支原体肺炎患者静滴阿奇霉素 5 0 0mg/d ,2d～ 3d 1次 ,疗程 10d～ 15d。结果 :痊愈 4 9例 (占 94 2 % ) ,显效 3例 (占 5 8% ) ,总有效率10 0 % ,体温正常时间 (3± 1 3)d。结论 :阿奇霉素治疗支原体肺炎临床疗效肯定 ,使用安全方便