丙泊酚、芬太尼复合小剂量咪达唑仑静脉麻醉在妇产科治疗中的应用

目的：分析丙泊酚、芬太尼复合小剂量咪达唑仑在妇产科临床应用中的麻醉效果。方法120例妇产科门诊手术患者,按照就诊顺序随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组使用丙泊酚复合芬太尼进行麻醉,观察组使用丙泊酚、芬太尼复合小剂量咪达唑仑进行麻醉。比较两组患者手术中R、HR、SaO2和平均动脉压（ MAR）,记录麻醉起效时间、恢复时间、丙泊酚用量及不良反应等情况。结果对照组麻醉后的R、HR、SaO2、MAR最低值与麻醉前相比,差异具有统计学意义（t＝6．328、9．917、9．476、4．458,均P＜0．01）;观察组麻醉后的R、HR、SaO2、MAR最低值与麻醉前相比,差异亦具有统计学意义（ t＝4．467、9．351、2．999、3.979,均P＜0.01）;观察组药物起效时间及丙泊酚用量均显著低于对照组（ t＝4．435、6．017,均P＜0.01）;两组手术后不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论在妇产科门诊手术的麻醉中,丙泊酚、芬太尼复合小剂量咪达唑仑具有麻醉效果较好,镇痛镇静效果显著,不良反应较少。     

Tratamiento del dolor irruptivo con fentanilo sublingual en pacientes con úlceras cutáneas crónicas

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of opioids in the management of pain in those patients with chronic cutaneous ulcers and breakthrough/incidental pain.Material and methodAn open-label, multicentre, prospective, uncontrolled study was conducted in the pain and ulcer units of 5 hospitals across the Comunidad Valenciana. Eligibility criteria were baseline pain 4 in the visual analogue scale or breakthrough procedural pain 4. Exclusion criteria were cognitive impairment, opioid intolerance, or patient refusal to provide informed consent. The protocol scheduled 5 controls: baseline (enrolment), 15 days, one month, 2 months, and 3 months. The main outcome measure of the study was the visual analogue scale score during rest, movement and procedures. Opioids were administered for release of the baseline pain, and sublingual fentanyl for breakthrough pain.ResultsA total of 32 patients (86.5%) completed the study. Baseline pain achieved a mean improvement of 3.6 visual analogue scale points (SD 2.3), movement pain improved by 3.9 points (SD 2.5) and procedural pain improved by 4.5 points (SD 2.8), and the mean pain intensity improvement was statistically significant from the first control and at all controls thereafter (P < .001). Nausea was reported by 14 patients (43.8%), drowsiness and constipation by 7 (21.9%), itching by 5 (15.6%), and one (3.1%) reported vomiting.ConclusionsStructured assessment of pain is a key concept in the management of patient with chronic cutaneous ulcers. The results of this study suggest that opioid therapy provides clinically significant pain relief with few adverse effects.     

罗哌卡因配伍芬太尼用于硬膜外镇痛分娩的临床观察

目的：探讨罗哌卡因联合芬太尼在硬膜外镇痛分娩中的作用。方法选择在本院行硬膜外镇痛分娩的产妇80例,随机分为罗哌卡因联合芬太尼镇痛组（观察组, n=40）与罗哌卡因联合吗啡镇痛组（对照组, n=40）,观察并比较两组的术后24 h、48 h静息、活动、咳嗽时的VAS评分及临床效果。结果观察组术后24 h、48 h静息、活动、咳嗽时的VAS评分均明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）;临床镇痛效果明显优于对照组（P〈0.05）。观察组皮肤瘙痒1例,恶心呕吐1例,无终止用药病例;对照组皮肤瘙痒10例,恶心呕吐9例,终止用药1例。结论罗哌卡因与芬太尼配伍在硬膜外镇痛分娩中应用,可提高镇痛效果,降低不良反应发生率,且产妇心血管在用药后有较好的稳定性。     

右美托咪定和咪达唑仑复合芬太尼对ICU术后机械通气患者镇静的影响

目的观察右美托咪定和咪达唑仑复合芬太尼用于ICU术后机械通气患者的镇静效果及安全性。方法选取150例ICU术后机械通气患者,采用信封法随机分为右美托咪定组和咪达唑仑组,每组75例,两组患者均给予芬太尼持续泵入。右美托咪定组采用右美托咪定0.2～0.6μg/(kg·h)持续泵入。咪达唑仑组采用0.08～0.10 mg/(kg·h)咪达唑仑持续泵入。采用Ramsay分级标准对两组患者镇静效果进行分级评分,观察两组患者的镇静效果。详细记录两组患者芬太尼用量、达到理想镇静所需的时间、停药后苏醒时间、镇静期间呼吸及循环系统功能的变化及其他不反应发生情况。结果右美托咪定组镇静满意率为97.33%,咪达唑仑组镇静满意率为96.00%,两组镇静满意率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。右美托咪定组芬太尼用量明显低于咪达唑仑组(P<0.05),达到理想镇静所需时间及停药后苏醒时间明显短于咪达唑仑组(P<0.05)。两组患者呼吸抑制、平均动脉压下降、SpO2下降及恶心发生率比较差异无统计学意义,但右美托咪定组谵妄发生率明显低于咪达唑仑组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪定复合芬太尼用于ICU术后机械通气患者的镇静治疗,镇静效果满意,可以达到理想镇静时间及易唤醒时间短,谵妄发生率低,可减少芬太尼用量,而且对患者呼吸及循环系统影响小,是一种较为理想的ICU镇静剂。     

右美托咪定或芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注在宫腔镜诊治中的对比观察

目的观察右美托咪定或芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注用于宫腔镜手术的安全性和有效性。方法将择期行宫腔镜手术的90例患者随机分为D、F、N组,D组患者麻醉前10min内泵入右美托咪定0．5μg／kg,F组静脉注射芬太尼1阻g／kg,N组注射生理盐水10ml,注射完毕后即刻给予丙泊酚靶控输注,并根据手术刺激及患者反应调整靶浓度。观察3组患者麻醉前（T0）、丙泊酚诱导完成后5min（T1）及术毕5min（T2）的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、呼吸频率及血氧饱和度变化;记录丙泊酚总用量、手术时间、丙泊酚停止输注至患者呼唤睁眼时间;评价麻醉效果,苏醒后5min的视觉模拟评分（VAS）。结果D、F组患者的手术时间、苏醒时间明显短于N组,丙泊酚用量明显少于N组（P〈0．05）;D、F两组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。3组患者的MAP、HRT1、T2较Tn明显降低（P〈0．05）,且D、F组与N组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,D组与F组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。D、F组血氧饱和度最低值明显高于N组（P〈0．05）,D、F组间比较,差异统计学意义（P〉0．05）;D、F组的麻醉效果及苏醒后5minVAS明显优于N组（P〈0．05）。结论0．5μg/kg右美托眯定或1μg/kg芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于宫腔镜诊治手术较单纯应用丙泊酚更安全、有效。     

罗哌卡因芬太尼联合间苯三酚在分娩镇痛中的应用

目的：就罗哌卡因芬太尼联合间苯三酚在分娩镇痛中的应用进行探讨。方法选择2011年12月-2012年12月我院收治的400例进行分娩的产妇,选取自愿采取分娩镇痛的产妇202例为研究组,另外,再选取不采取分娩镇痛的产妇198例为对照组,对照组产妇不给予任何镇痛措施,实施自然阴道分娩。而研究组产妇采用罗哌卡因芬太尼联合间苯三酚镇痛。结果研究组中剖宫产24例（11.88%）,助产0例,自然分娩178例（88.12%）;而对照组中剖宫产65例（32.83%）,助产3例（1.51%）,自然分娩130例（65.66%）,二者具有较为明显的差异,具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。研究组患者的产后出血量明显要少于对照组,第一产程要明显低于对照组,具有较为明显的差异,具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论罗哌卡因芬太尼联合间苯三酚在分娩镇痛中的应用,可缩短产程,提高自然分娩率,对胎儿无不良影响,值得在临床上广泛应用。     

Factors Associated with Nonfatal Overdose During a Public Health Emergency

Background: In 2016, in the Canadian province of British Columbia, the Provincial Health Officer declared drug-related overdose deaths a public health emergency. Objectives: In this study, we examine factors associated with recent non-fatal overdose during a time of unprecedented rates of overdose and increasing involvement of fentanyl and fentanyl derivatives in overdose deaths. Methods: Between June and September 2016, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine factors associated with recent non-fatal overdose. Results: A total of 187 PWID were included in the present study, of whom 56 (29.9%) reported having overdosed in the previous 6 months. In multivariable analyses, fentanyl injection (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]?=?2.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: (1.08?–?6.27) and public injection (AOR?=?2.20; 95% CI: 1.09?–?4.43) were positively associated with recent non-fatal overdose. Conclusions: Fentanyl injection and public injection were associated with an increased likelihood of non-fatal overdose. These findings underscore the need for drug checking, safer sources of opioids and safer injecting interventions as part of overdose prevention strategies.     

舒芬太尼在无痛胃镜手术中的应用

目的探讨舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚在无痛胃镜检查中的可行性和安全性。方法择期无痛胃镜手术80例,随机分成舒芬太尼组（S组）和芬太尼组（F组）,每组40例,分别采用舒芬太尼0．1μg／kg或芬太尼1μg／kg复合丙泊酚行静脉全麻。记录两组患者麻醉前（T0）、置镜后5min（T1）、手术结束时（T2）的MAP、HR、SPO2、手术时间、麻醉药物用量、苏醒时间、体动以及血压下降、低氧血症、心动过缓等术中并发症的发生率。结果两组在手术结束时的HR、MAP低于麻醉前（P〈0．05）;S组置镜后5minHR、MAP低于F组（P〈0．05）;S组苏醒时间、丙泊酚的总用量均低于F组（P〈0．05）;S组术中并发症、术后不良反应较F组少。结论舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚在无痛胃镜检查中能有效抑制机体的应激反应,呼吸抑制轻,比芬太尼能更好地满足门诊无痛胃镜检查的需要,更具优势。     

鼻及鼻窦手术后的镇痛

目的观察双氯灭痛栓剂（diclofenac suppository,DS）塞肛、芬太尼针加氟哌利多针微泵静脉注射维持患者自控镇痛（patient controlled analgesia,PCA）（简称芬氟合剂PCA）、颅痛定肌肉注射用于鼻及鼻窦手术后镇痛的疗效。方法对1998～2004年鼻及鼻窦手术后178例患者进行镇痛对比研究,DS塞肛组（D组）82例,芬氟合剂PCA组（F组）36例、颅痛定肌肉注射组（T组）60例,统计学分析术后镇痛疼痛、恶心、呕吐和镇静等评分及镇痛处理的费用情况。结果三组患者的VAS评分：术后镇痛D组和F组无明显差别（P＞0．05）,均低于T组,且差异均有显著意义（P＜0．01）：D组和T组患者恶心、呕吐的发生率明显低于F组,D组和T组无一例患者需要抗呕吐药物治疗,F组中有9例（25％）需给予胃复安;F组患者（5,36）嗜睡的发生率明显高于D组（1／82）和T组（5／60）,差异均有显著意义（P＜0．01和P＜0．05）;D组费用明显低于F组。结论DS塞肛和芬氟合剂PCA具有同样镇痛效果,DS塞肛不良反应轻,费用低廉,应用方便,患者易于接受,是一种有价值的鼻及鼻窦手术后镇痛方法。