丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼静脉全身麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用效果

目的探讨丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼静脉全身麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用效果。方法选取2017年1月-2019年2月于石城县人民医院行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者80例,根据单盲分组法分为参照组和研究组,各40例。参照组以丙泊酚联合芬太尼对患者施以全身麻醉,研究组以丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼对患者施以全身麻醉。比较两组麻醉效果,观察术后麻醉恢复情况(自主呼吸用时、拔管用时和苏醒用时),术后视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)评分。结果研究组麻醉总有效率高于参照组,自主呼吸用时、拔管用时及苏醒用时短于参照组,术后VAS疼痛评分低于参照组(P<0.05)。结论丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼静脉全身麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用效果良好,能降低患者疼痛程度,促进患者术后恢复。     

The effect of bupivacaine with fentanyl temperature on initiation and maintenance of labor epidural analgesia: a randomized controlled study

BackgroundLabor epidural analgesia is highly effective, but can be limited by slow onset and incomplete blockade. The administration of warmed, compared to room temperature, bupivacaine has resulted in more rapid onset epidural anesthesia. We hypothesized that the administration of bupivacaine with fentanyl at 37°C versus 20°C would result in improved initial and ongoing labor epidural analgesia.MethodsIn this prospective, randomized, doubled blinded study, 54 nulliparous, laboring women were randomized to receive epidural bupivacaine 0.125% with fentanyl 2 μg/mL (20 mL initial and 6 mL hourly boluses) at either 37°C or 20°C. Pain verbal rating scores (VRS), sensory level, oral temperature, and side effects were assessed after epidural loading (time 0), at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60 min, and at hourly intervals. The primary outcome was the time to achieve initial satisfactory analgesia (VRS ⩽3). Secondary outcomes included ongoing quality of sensory blockade, body temperature and shivering.ResultsThere were no differences between groups in patient demographics, initial pain scores, cervical dilatation, body temperature or mode of delivery. Epidural bupivacaine at 37°C resulted in shorter mean (±SD) analgesic onset time (9.2 ± 4.7 vs. 16.0 ± 10.5 min, P = 0.005) and improved analgesia for the first 15 min after initial bolus (P = 0.001–0.03). Although patient temperature increased during the study (P < 0.01), there were no differences between the groups (P = 0.09). Six (24%) and 10 (40%) patients experienced shivering in the 37°C and 20°C groups, respectively (P = 0.23).ConclusionsThe administration of epidural 0.125% bupivacaine with fentanyl 2 μg/mL at 37°C versus 20°C resulted in more rapid onset and improved labor analgesia for the first 15 min. There was no evidence of improved ongoing labor analgesia or differences in side effects between groups.     

Pre- and post-intervention study to assess the impact of a sedation protocol in critically ill surgical patients

Introduction

Sedation and pain management for mechanically ventilated critically ill surgical patients pose many challenges for the intensivist. Even though daily interruption of sedatives and opioids is appropriate in medical intensive care unit (ICU) patients, it may not be feasible in the surgical patients with pain from surgical incision or trauma. Therefore we developed an analgesia/sedation based protocol for the surgical ICU population.

Methods

We performed a two-phase prospective observational control study. We evaluated a prescriber driven analgesia/sedation protocol (ASP) in a 12-bed surgical ICU. The pre-ASP group was sedated as usual (n = 100) and the post-ASP group was managed with the new ASP (n = 100). Each phase of the study lasted for 5 mo. Comparisons between the two groups were performed by χ² or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and the Mann-Whitney test for nonparametric variables. A P value <0.05 was statistically significant.

Results

We found a significant reduction in the use of fentanyl (P < 0.001) and midazolam (P = 0.001). We achieved sedation goals of 86.8% in the post-ASP group compared to 74.4% in the pre-ASP (P < 0.001). Mean mechanical ventilations days in pre- and post-ASP group were 5.9 versus 3.8 (P = 0.033).

Conclusion

In our cohort of critically ill surgery patients implementation of an ASP resulted in reduced use of continuously infused benzodiazepines and opioids, a decline in cumulative benzodiazepine and analgesic dosages, and a greater percentage of Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale scores at goal. We also showed reduced mechanical ventilation days.     

不同方式氟比洛芬酯复合芬太尼术后镇痛效果的比较:前瞻性、多中心、随机、双盲、对照、平行分组研究

目的 比较不同方式氟比洛芬酯复合芬太尼用于术后镇痛的效果.方法 本研究为前瞻性、多中心、随机、双盲、对照、平行分组研究.选择2010年1月至2010年10月择期行骨科、胸外科、肝胆外科等大中型手术的病人,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄14 ～ 91岁,体重35 ～ 95 kg,采用随机数字表法,将其分为3组,A组:术毕即刻静脉注射氟比洛芬酯100 mg,然后芬太尼1.0 mg用生理盐水稀释至100 ml,进行PCIA;B组:氟比洛芬酯200 mg+芬太尼0.6 mg用生理盐水配稀释至100 ml,进行PCIA;C组:术毕即刻静脉注射氟比洛芬酯100 mg,氟比洛芬酯200 mg+芬太尼0.6 mg用生理盐水稀释至100 ml进行PCIA.3组背景输注速率2 ml/h,PCA量2 ml,锁定时间10 min.分别于术毕、术后4、8和24 h时记录静态和动态VAS评分和镇静评分.术后24 h内记录镇痛有效、过度镇静、恶心、呕吐、瘙痒、头晕、嗜睡和呼吸抑制的发生情况.术后24和48 h时随机选择一个中心B组镇痛泵内容物,取样后进行微生物培养试验.结果 共完成2596例,其中A组875例、B组946例、C组775例.与A组比较,B组术毕、术后4、8和24h时静态和动态VAS评分和各时点镇静评分均降低,C组术毕、术后4、8h时静态和动态VAS评分均降低,术后4、8h时镇静评分升高,2组镇痛有效率均升高,B组过度镇静发生率降低,C组过度镇静发生率升高,2组术后恶心和呕吐的发生率降低,C组术后头晕发生率降低(P＜0.05);与B组比较,C组各时点静态和动态VAS评分、镇痛有效率、恶心、呕吐以及瘙痒发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术毕、术后4、8h时镇静评分升高,过度镇静发生率升高,头晕发生率降低(P＜0.05).术后24、48 h时泵内容物标本细菌和真菌培养均为阴性.结论 对于大中型手术病人,氟比洛芬200 mg复合芬太尼0.6 mg PCIA(背景输注速率2 ml/h,PCA量2 ml,锁定时间10 min)术后镇痛的效果更佳,且不良反应发生几率低.     

患者自控皮下镇痛在中重度癌性疼痛患者中应用

目的探讨患者自控皮下镇痛(PCSA)在中重度癌性疼痛患者中应用的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析自2010年9月至2014年8月中国医科大学附属第一医院和第四医院收治的121例中重度癌性疼痛患者的临床资料。根据镇痛方法不同,分为PCSA镇痛(PCSA组)31例,口服吗啡缓释片镇痛(吗啡组)50例,芬太尼透皮贴镇痛(芬太尼组)40例。对比分析各组患者镇痛效果和镇痛相关并发症的发生率。结果 PCSA组患者恶心呕吐、便秘、爆发性疼痛发生率明显低于吗啡组及芬太尼组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PCSA组患者镇痛后1周VAS评分与吗啡组及芬太尼组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 PCSA尽管便携度略逊一筹,但其可为中重度癌性疼痛患者提供恒定满意的镇痛效果,值得在临床中推广。     

小剂量布比卡因复合芬太尼用于椎管内麻醉的安全性和有效性Meta分析

目的系统评价小剂量布比卡因复合芬太尼与常规剂量布比卡因两种方式用于椎管内麻醉的安全性和有效性。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase,Medline、WOS、CNKI、CBM和万方数据库、维普数据库(1990.01~2015.07),收集小剂量布比卡因复合芬太尼(研究组)与常规剂量布比卡因(对照组)两种方式用于椎管内麻醉安全性和有效性的文献。按照纳入和排除标准,由两位研究人员独立选择文献、提取资料,然后采用RevMan 5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果纳入13个随机对照研究共573例患者。Meta分析结果显示:两组麻醉失败率差异无统计学意义[OR=0.54,95%CI(0.20,1.48)];两组术后镇痛时间差异无统计学意义[WMD=6.08,95%CI(-3.64,15.80)];研究组的低血压发生率明显低于对照组[OR=0.20,95%CI(0.12,0.34),P0.01];两组心动过缓发生率差异无统计学意义[OR=0.41,95%CI(0.06,2.90)];两组恶心呕吐发生率差异无统计学意义[OR=0.28,95%CI(0.08,1.05)];研究组的皮肤瘙痒发生率明显高于对照组[OR=13.29,95%CI(5.44,32.49),P0.01];研究组的尿潴留发生率明显低于对照组[OR=0.11,95%CI(0.04,0.30),P0.01];研究组腰骶部疼痛发生率明显低于对照组[OR=0.14,95%CI(0.04,0.46),P0.01]。结论小剂量布比卡因复合芬太尼可降低低血压、尿潴留及腰骶部疼痛的发生率,但会增加皮肤瘙痒的发生率。     

Tratamiento del dolor irruptivo con fentanilo sublingual en pacientes con úlceras cutáneas crónicas

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of opioids in the management of pain in those patients with chronic cutaneous ulcers and breakthrough/incidental pain.Material and methodAn open-label, multicentre, prospective, uncontrolled study was conducted in the pain and ulcer units of 5 hospitals across the Comunidad Valenciana. Eligibility criteria were baseline pain 4 in the visual analogue scale or breakthrough procedural pain 4. Exclusion criteria were cognitive impairment, opioid intolerance, or patient refusal to provide informed consent. The protocol scheduled 5 controls: baseline (enrolment), 15 days, one month, 2 months, and 3 months. The main outcome measure of the study was the visual analogue scale score during rest, movement and procedures. Opioids were administered for release of the baseline pain, and sublingual fentanyl for breakthrough pain.ResultsA total of 32 patients (86.5%) completed the study. Baseline pain achieved a mean improvement of 3.6 visual analogue scale points (SD 2.3), movement pain improved by 3.9 points (SD 2.5) and procedural pain improved by 4.5 points (SD 2.8), and the mean pain intensity improvement was statistically significant from the first control and at all controls thereafter (P < .001). Nausea was reported by 14 patients (43.8%), drowsiness and constipation by 7 (21.9%), itching by 5 (15.6%), and one (3.1%) reported vomiting.ConclusionsStructured assessment of pain is a key concept in the management of patient with chronic cutaneous ulcers. The results of this study suggest that opioid therapy provides clinically significant pain relief with few adverse effects.     

罗哌卡因配伍芬太尼用于硬膜外镇痛分娩的临床观察

目的：探讨罗哌卡因联合芬太尼在硬膜外镇痛分娩中的作用。方法选择在本院行硬膜外镇痛分娩的产妇80例,随机分为罗哌卡因联合芬太尼镇痛组（观察组, n=40）与罗哌卡因联合吗啡镇痛组（对照组, n=40）,观察并比较两组的术后24 h、48 h静息、活动、咳嗽时的VAS评分及临床效果。结果观察组术后24 h、48 h静息、活动、咳嗽时的VAS评分均明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）;临床镇痛效果明显优于对照组（P〈0.05）。观察组皮肤瘙痒1例,恶心呕吐1例,无终止用药病例;对照组皮肤瘙痒10例,恶心呕吐9例,终止用药1例。结论罗哌卡因与芬太尼配伍在硬膜外镇痛分娩中应用,可提高镇痛效果,降低不良反应发生率,且产妇心血管在用药后有较好的稳定性。     

右美托咪定和咪达唑仑复合芬太尼对ICU术后机械通气患者镇静的影响

目的观察右美托咪定和咪达唑仑复合芬太尼用于ICU术后机械通气患者的镇静效果及安全性。方法选取150例ICU术后机械通气患者,采用信封法随机分为右美托咪定组和咪达唑仑组,每组75例,两组患者均给予芬太尼持续泵入。右美托咪定组采用右美托咪定0.2～0.6μg/(kg·h)持续泵入。咪达唑仑组采用0.08～0.10 mg/(kg·h)咪达唑仑持续泵入。采用Ramsay分级标准对两组患者镇静效果进行分级评分,观察两组患者的镇静效果。详细记录两组患者芬太尼用量、达到理想镇静所需的时间、停药后苏醒时间、镇静期间呼吸及循环系统功能的变化及其他不反应发生情况。结果右美托咪定组镇静满意率为97.33%,咪达唑仑组镇静满意率为96.00%,两组镇静满意率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。右美托咪定组芬太尼用量明显低于咪达唑仑组(P<0.05),达到理想镇静所需时间及停药后苏醒时间明显短于咪达唑仑组(P<0.05)。两组患者呼吸抑制、平均动脉压下降、SpO2下降及恶心发生率比较差异无统计学意义,但右美托咪定组谵妄发生率明显低于咪达唑仑组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪定复合芬太尼用于ICU术后机械通气患者的镇静治疗,镇静效果满意,可以达到理想镇静时间及易唤醒时间短,谵妄发生率低,可减少芬太尼用量,而且对患者呼吸及循环系统影响小,是一种较为理想的ICU镇静剂。     

右美托咪定或芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注在宫腔镜诊治中的对比观察

目的观察右美托咪定或芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注用于宫腔镜手术的安全性和有效性。方法将择期行宫腔镜手术的90例患者随机分为D、F、N组,D组患者麻醉前10min内泵入右美托咪定0．5μg／kg,F组静脉注射芬太尼1阻g／kg,N组注射生理盐水10ml,注射完毕后即刻给予丙泊酚靶控输注,并根据手术刺激及患者反应调整靶浓度。观察3组患者麻醉前（T0）、丙泊酚诱导完成后5min（T1）及术毕5min（T2）的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、呼吸频率及血氧饱和度变化;记录丙泊酚总用量、手术时间、丙泊酚停止输注至患者呼唤睁眼时间;评价麻醉效果,苏醒后5min的视觉模拟评分（VAS）。结果D、F组患者的手术时间、苏醒时间明显短于N组,丙泊酚用量明显少于N组（P〈0．05）;D、F两组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。3组患者的MAP、HRT1、T2较Tn明显降低（P〈0．05）,且D、F组与N组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,D组与F组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。D、F组血氧饱和度最低值明显高于N组（P〈0．05）,D、F组间比较,差异统计学意义（P〉0．05）;D、F组的麻醉效果及苏醒后5minVAS明显优于N组（P〈0．05）。结论0．5μg/kg右美托眯定或1μg/kg芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于宫腔镜诊治手术较单纯应用丙泊酚更安全、有效。