Nutritional impact on the plasma metabolome of rats

Metabolite profiling (metabolomics) elucidates changes in biochemical pathways under various conditions, e.g., different nutrition scenarios or compound administration. BASF and metanomics have obtained plasma metabolic profiles of approximately 500 compounds (agrochemicals, chemicals and pharmaceuticals) from 28-day rat studies. With these profiles the establishment of a database (MetaMap^®Tox) containing specific metabolic patterns associated with many toxicological modes of action was achieved. To evaluate confounding factors influencing metabolome patterns, the effect of fasting vs. non-fasting prior to blood sampling, the influence of high caloric diet and caloric restriction as well as the administration of corn oil and olive oil was studied for its influence on the metabolome. All mentioned treatments had distinct effects: triacylglycerol, phospholipids and their degradation product levels (fatty acids, glycerol, lysophosphatidylcholine) were often altered depending on the nutritional status. Also some amino acid and related compounds were changed. Some metabolites derived from food (e.g. alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, beta-sitosterol, campesterol) were biomarkers related to food consumption, whereas others indicated a changed energy metabolism (e.g. hydroxybutyrate, pyruvate). Strikingly, there was a profound difference in the metabolite responses to diet restriction in male and female rats. Consequently, when evaluating the metabolic profile of a compound, the effect of nutritional status should be taken into account.     

白木香叶95%乙醇提取物在db/db糖尿病小鼠上的降糖作用(英文)

白木香叶为中国广东省治疗糖尿病的民间药物,关于其降糖作用和机制未见报道。本研究采用白木香叶95%乙醇提取物(AE),灌胃给药于db/db2型糖尿病小鼠,4周之后发现AE高剂量组(600 mg/kg)具有降低db/db小鼠空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白水平,改善糖耐量的作用。作用机制研究表明,AE可能是通过激活腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK),起到了改善胰岛素抵抗,降低血糖的作用,并且AE未表现出引起动物体重增加的副作用,可能成为噻唑烷二酮之外的治疗肥胖相关糖尿病药物的新选择。     

甘精胰岛素联合预混胰岛素30 R(50R)治疗空腹血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病临床观察

目的 探讨甘精胰岛素联合预混胰岛素诺和灵30R(50R)治疗空腹血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病的有效性及安全性.方法 选择30例使用预混胰岛素诺和灵30R(50R)且空腹血糖>8.0 mmol/L的2型糖尿病患者,联合晚睡前皮下注射甘精胰岛素治疗2周,观察2周后空腹血糖(FBG)、早餐后2 h血糖(2 h PBG)、低血糖发生率、糖化血清蛋白、C-肽的变化.结果 联合治疗2周后,FBG、2 h PBG、糖化血清蛋白较治疗前明显下降,P<0.01,差异具有统计学意义;血糖下降平稳,无低血糖发生;C-肤无明显变化.结论 甘精胰岛素联合预混胰岛素诺和灵30R(50R)治疗空腹血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病,安全、有效,临床上具有可行性.     

维生素D受体基因多态性与2型糖尿病及血清1,25-二羟基维生素D3的相关性研究

目的探讨维生素D受体(vitamin D receptor,VDR)基因ApaI酶切位点多态性与2型糖尿病及血清1,25-二羟基维生素D3[1,25(OH)2D3]的相关性。方法采用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术,检测105例2型糖尿病患者和105例正常者的VDR基因型,用酶联免疫吸附(Elisa)法测定血清1,25(OH)2D3水平,并检测相关临床及生化指标,比较VDR基因型和等位基因频率的分布差异及不同基因型血清1,25(OH)2D3等相关指标的差异。结果维生素D受体基因ApaⅠ位点基因型和等位基因频率在两组中的分布差异明显(P<0.01)。糖尿病组等位基因a和基因型aa频率明显高于对照组。基因型AA组及Aa组血清1,25(OH)2D3高于基因型aa组,而收缩压、舒张压及空腹血糖低于基因型aa组,且差别有显著性意义(P<0.05或0.01)。结论 Apa I位点的VDR基因多态性与2型糖尿病存在相关性。血清1,25(OH)2D3水平、空腹血糖及血压与VDR基因多态性密切相关。     

齐拉西酮与利培酮对精神分裂症患者内分泌代谢的影响

目的探讨国产齐拉西酮与利培酮对精神分裂症患者内分泌代谢的影响。方法将156例精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组和对照组各78例。研究组给予齐拉西酮治疗,对照组给予利培酮治疗。分别于基线、治疗4周末和8周末检测血清泌乳素、空腹血糖及血脂水平。结果与基线相比,治疗4周末和8周末研究组血清泌乳素差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而对照组则明显升高（P〈0．05）;治疗4周末和8周末两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗4周末和8周末两组空腹血糖、胆同醇及甘油三酯水平与基线相比以及两组间同期相比,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论齐拉西酮对精神分裂症患者血清泌乳素、空腹血糖以及血脂水平均无明显影响。     

联合检测血流变、血糖及糖化血红蛋白在2型糖尿病诊断中的意义

目的检测2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的血液流变学几项指标、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平及其相关性,探讨3项联合检测在T2DM的应用价值。方法对245例T2DM患者及84例健康体检者进行血液流变学检测,同时检测空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白,并进行相关关系检验。结果 245例T2DM患者血液流变学指标(全血黏度和血浆黏度)、空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白均较对照组有明显增高(P<0.05、P<0.01、P<0.05);血液流变学的低切和高切的改变与FPG和HbA1c呈良好正相关性(r=0.514、r=0.584和r=0.649、r=0.716)。结论联合检测T2DM患者的血液流变学、空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白指标有利于评估其血糖控制及疾病进展程度。     

糖化血清白蛋白水平在急性冠脉综合征患者中的表达

目的观察不稳定性心绞痛(UA)和急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者糖化血清白蛋白(GA)和空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PBG)及糖化血红蛋白(GHb)的相关性。方法随机选择UA患者(UA组,131例)与AMI(AMI组,139例)两组人群,并测定GA、FBG、2 h PBG、GHb指标。探讨UA和AMI之间各项指标的差异性。结果 AMI组患者GA、FBG及2 h PBG较UA组升高(P<0.05),且FBG及2 h PBG与GA呈显著正相关,而两组之间GHb比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论本资料显示AMI组比UA患者具有更高的血糖水平,GA、FBG及2 h PBG能有效监测UA和AMI急性期的变化,从而预测高危人群不良事件的发生,及时采取相应措施,控制血糖,改善预后、降低死亡率。     

A sex difference in the response to fasting

We determined whether women and men would alter their pattern of food intake after they had deprived themselves of food. We found that women consumed 12% less food after fasting and that men ate 28% more food after fasting. Serving more food on the test day did not increase food intake of women. Women, who ate at a nearly constant rate (linear eaters), consumed less food than those eating at an initially high speed which decreased over the course of the meal (decelerated eaters). Women decreased their food intake after fasting as their eating pattern became more linear. After fasting, men increased their food intake, and the rate at which they ate became more decelerated. Food intake of both women and men was normalized after fasting by providing feedback that encouraged them to eat according to the pattern they showed in the non-fasted condition. The results support the hypothesis that linear eating, and the dieting that elicits linear eating, are risk factors for the development of the abnormal linear eating pattern that characterizes patients with anorexia nervosa. The data also provide additional support for the use of behavioral feedback to normalize the pattern of eating for individuals who have difficulty maintaining their body weight.     

赖诺普利对高血压患者心钠素及左室肥厚的影响

目的：探讨高血压（EH）患者心钠素（ANP））、空腹血清胰岛素（FINS）与左室肥厚（LVH）的关系以及赖诺普利对其的影响。方法：入选病例为符合2005年《中国高血压防治指南》标准的1级、2级EH伴LVH的患者60例,随机分为赖诺普利组30例,卡托普利组30例。检测口服赖诺普利或卡托普利前后ANP、FINS的含量;采用彩色多普勒超声检测LVH。样本数据分析采用t检验或多元线性回归。结果：赖诺普利较卡托普利降低ANP、FINS及改善LVH效果更显著（P〈0.05）;ANP、FINS与LVH无相关性。结论：赖诺普利可降低ANP、FINS。     

Clinical investigation of 41 patients with ischemic colitis accompanied by ulcer

AIM: To investigate the relationship among the presence of ulcer lesions, underlying disease, and clinical course in patients with ischemic colitis. METHODS: The subjects were 41 patients (10 male and 31 female; mean age 70 years) with ischemic colitis who were admitted to and received treatment in our hospital from 2000 to 2006. We compared their characteristics and analyzed the mean lengths of admission and fast- ing for 9 patients with ulcer lesions (ulcer group) and 32 without (non-ulcer group). RESULTS: The groups with presence and absence of ulcer differed significantly only in white blood cell (WBC) count. Lengths of fasting and admission were 7.9 d and 17.9 d for the ulcer group and 4.4 d and 10.7 d for the non-ulcer group, respectively, and significantly longer in the ulcer group (P = 0.0057 and 0.0001). There was no correlation between presence of ulcer and presence of underlying diseases. CONCLUSION: Lengths of fasting and admission were significantly longer in patients with ischemic colitis with ulcer than for those without ulcer.