抑郁障碍患者与家属家庭亲密度适应性和情绪状况的研究

目的探讨抑郁障碍患者与家属的家庭亲密度适应性和情绪状况,为抑郁障碍患者的健康教育及家庭干预提供科学有效的理论依据。方法选择2006年6～9月在北京大学第六医院就诊的抑郁障碍患者95例及共同陪伴的直系家属95例为调查对象。采用家庭亲密度和适应性量表中文版(FACES-CV)、Zung氏焦虑自评量表和Zung氏抑郁自评量表。结果1患者的家庭亲密度得分与国内常模一致(P>0.05),但适应性得分低于国内常模(P<0.01);焦虑、抑郁得分高于国内常模(P<0.01)。家属的家庭亲密度得分高于国内常模(P<0.01),适应性得分低于国内常模(P<0.01)。家属的焦虑得分与国内常模一致(P>0.05),但抑郁得分高于国内常模(P<0.05)。2家庭模式分型构成比:中间型47.9%,平衡性26.3%,极端型25.8%。患者的家庭"拱极模式"以"僵硬—松散型"居多,家属则以"自由—缠结型"居多。3家庭亲密度与患者的家属的文程化度有关,相关系数范围(r=0.21～0.26,P<0.05)、与家庭人数呈负相关(r=-0.21,P<0.01);与患者及家属的焦虑、抑郁情绪呈显著负相关,相关系数范围(r=-0.30～0.37,P<0.01);家庭适应性与患者的年龄(r=0.28,P<0.01)、文化程度(r=0.34,P<0.01)有关。与家属的年龄(r=0.26,P<0.05)文化程度(r=0.22,P<0.05)有关。与患者和家属的焦虑、抑郁情绪呈显著负相关,相关系数范围(r=-0.30～-0.42,P<0.01)。结论家庭亲密度适应性与患者和家属的文化程度、焦虑、抑郁情绪有关,家庭亲密度与患者的家庭人数有关,家庭适应性与患者和家属的年龄有关。     

Family History of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Responses to Orthostatic Stress

Cardiovascular effects of orthostatic stress (sitting to standing) were assessed in 60 healthy young male subjects according lo family history of hypertension (half with a positive and half with a negative family history' of hypertension). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBF) were recorded on each successive heart heal using a non-invasive blood pressure tracking system. Heart rate (HR) and respiration rate (RR) were also recorded. During the postural change, characteristic phasic changes were shown with an initial fall and subsequent recover of SBP and DBF and a mirror image response in MR and RR. Phasic analysis of the pre-standing sit, peak/trough, and recovery stand values indicated group differences in the initial as well as the later phases of orthostatic response. In the initial phase, subjects with a positive family history of hypertension showed an earlier trough in systolic and pulse pressure and an earlier peak in heart rate response immediately on standing up. The level of the pulse pressure trough was also higher in these subjects. In the later standing phase, these subjects showed higher levels of pulse pressure. The results were interpreted in terms of increased sympathetic nervous system activity during the initial phase and structural and neurocirculatory abnormalities in the later phase of orthostatic regulation in individuals with a positive family history of hypertension.     

中学生对立违抗性障碍的父母养育方式和家庭环境特征的初步研究

目的：了解单纯对立违抗性障碍（ODD）儿童的父母养育方式及家庭功能。方法：应用向制儿童行为调查表、家庭环境量表中文版（FES～CV）、父母养育方式量表（EMBU），对115例单纯ODD儿童（研究组）和115名非ODD正常儿童（对照组）进行评定和病例对照分析，结果：ODD组儿童家庭矛盾性得分较对照组高（P〈0．01），ODD组父母双亲的“情感温暖．理解”得分均明显比对照组得分低（父亲P〈0．01，母亲P〈0.05）．而其“惩罚，严厉”和“拒绝，否认”二因子得分则明显比对照组高（P〈0．01）；ODD组母亲的“过分干涉，过度保护”，因子得分也明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：ODD中学生的家庭存在高度的矛盾性．他们的父母养育方式不良，应引起重视。     

一个遗传性智力迟缓家系的分析

目的 寻找由DNA损伤引起的人类表型缺陷，为人类遗传资源的收集与保藏以及人类基因结构与功能的研究打下基础。方法 通过实地调查得到表型缺陷家系，然后进行系谱分析。结果 得到一个遗传性智力迟缓家系，3代11位成员中有2例患者。结论 遗传性智力迟缓是由DNA损伤引起的人类表型缺陷；该病症符合X-连锁隐性遗传。     

中性粒细胞对洗涤血小板聚集功能的影响

目的:观察非激活或激活的中性粒细胞(PMN)对洗涤血小板聚集功能的影响。方法:采用Born方法测定血小板聚集功能。结果:非激活的PMN(5×10⁹cells/L)上清液对ADP和花生四烯酸(AA)诱导的血小板聚集具有显著抑制作用,阿司匹林可增强这种抑制作用;肉豆寇佛波醇(fMLP)及血小板活化因子(PAF)激活的PMN悬液或其上清液均能活化血小板聚集,且PMN悬液的诱聚作用比其上清液更强;阿司匹林对fMLP或PAF激活的PMN悬液或其上清液均无明显抑制作用。结论:不同状态(非激活或激活状态)的PMN对正常血小板的反应性表现出完全相反的作用,即非激活的PMN抑制血小板反应性,而激活的PMN则具有促血小板活化聚集作用。     

Behavior of the dengue virus in solution

The dengue virus consists of four antigenically related but distinct viruses, termed Dengue virus 1-4 (DEN 1-4). We have established that the dengue virus loses infectivity over time in solution in an exponentially declining manner. The four strains examined (one from each serotype) have half-lives that range from 2.5 to 7.5 hr in defined medium. The half-life is temperature and pH-dependent and is affected by the nature of the host cell in which it is produced, but is not dependent upon the presence of either Mg(2+) ions or chelating agents. Electron microscopy (EM) of solutions of the dengue virus show almost complete virus aggregation after 24 hr at room temperature, while RT-PCR shows an intact RNA genome. These results show that the solution environment of the dengue virus is an important determinant of dengue virus infectivity.     

体外血栓形成后血液的流变性变化及体外血栓形成试验的规范化操作

目的:观察体外模拟血栓形成后剩余血液的流变学变化,并探讨体外血栓形成试验的规范化操作。方法:采用30例健康人静脉血液,一部分抗凝后测定血液流变学指标和血细胞计数,另一部分不抗凝,于Chandler环内模拟血栓形成后,再测定剩余血液的血细胞计数及流变学指标,包括血液表观粘度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数、血小板最大聚集率、血小板粘附率和血浆纤维蛋白原含量等。结果:体外模拟血栓形成后剩余血液的表观粘度,血小板计数、白细胞计数及纤维蛋白原含量均显著降低(P<0.01);血小板粘附率、最大聚集率也显著降低(P<0.01);但红细胞计数、压积和变形指数变化不明显(P>0.05)。结论:模拟血栓形成后剩余血液的流变性发生了显著变化,尤以血小板数量、血小板聚集性和粘附性以及血浆纤维蛋白原含量的变化更加突出。规范体外血栓形成试验的操作方法,有利于提高该试验的准确性和可靠性。