7个非综合征型耳聋家系患者的mtDNA A1555G突变分析

目的探讨非综合征型耳聋家系患者mtDNA A1555G突变及其临床特征。方法应用聚合酶链反应、限制性核酸内切酶酶切和DNA测序技术对7个非综合征型耳聋家系112个成员的mtDNA A1555G突变进行检测，并分析听力临床资料。结果7个家系中所有受检的母系成员mtDNA A1555G突变均为阳性，突变性质含同质性和异质性二种；非母系成员及配偶该突变为阴性。突变的性质与临床表型的有关。结论mtDNA A1555G突变可导致非综合征型耳聋和氨基糖苷类抗生素致聋，其突变性质含均质性和异质性两种，且与临床表型相关。     

182例肺癌病人癌症家族史的分析

本文调查了182例肺癌病人及200例非肿瘤病人及200例非肿瘤病人（对照组）的癌症家庭史，分析结果：①肺癌组家庭患癌率为19.2%，其中直系亲属占94%，对照组家庭患癌率为20%，其中直系亲属占85%，肺癌组直系亲属患癌比例大于对照组，提示：肺癌的发病与遗传因素可能有相关性。②将三种不同组织类型肺癌病人的家庭患癌率作了比较，小细胞肺癌（Sclc）组最高为26.6%，其次是腺癌21%，鳞癌最低为10%，提示Sclc很可能与癌遗传因素有关。     

低收入大学生一般自我效能感、主观幸福感研究

近年来 ,低收入大学生作为高校中的一个特殊群体逐渐受到研究者和教育者的关注。目前对低收入大学生的一般自我效能感 (generalself -efficacy)和主观幸福感的研究还不多见。一般自我效能感是指个体对各种挑战或新情境的应对能力的总体信心[1] 。一般自我效能感描述的是个体有效地应对各种紧张情境的广义而稳定的个人能力感 ,它与身心健康存在一定的关系[1- 2 ] 。主观幸福感 (subjectivewell-being)是指人们对于自己是否幸福的主观感受 ,是反应心理健康水平的重要指标之一。研究低收入大学生的一般自我效能感和幸福感的特点及其关系对于揭…     

Psychological stress reverses antiaggregatory effects of dietary fish oil

Effect of acute psychological stress on the inhibition of in vitroplatelet aggregation by dietary long-chain n-3 fatty acids was studied in 20 adult males. Subjects were randomly divided into groups receiving either olive oil or fish oil (2.4 g long-chain n-3 fatty acids/day) for 4 weeks. In vitroaggregation responses to two doses of ADP collagen, and epinephrine were measured immediately prior to and following exposure to three psychological stressors (2 min each), before and after the supplementation period. Olive oil had no effect on baseline aggregatory responses, while fish oil reduced aggregatory responses to ADP and epinephrine. Exposure to the stressors had no effect upon presupplementation aggregation in either group or in the olive oil group postsupplementation. However, stress abolished antiaggregatory effects of fish oil. This reversal of the antiaggregatory effects of fish oil by mild stress suggests possible limitations of low-dose fish oil supplementation in clinical situations.This study was funded by a grant-in-aid from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario.     

精神分裂症恢复期患者及家属家庭干预的对照研究

目的：以康复期出院精神分裂症患者和家属为对象，定期复诊进行家庭干预并对照研究。方法：干预组68例，对照组52例，采用BPRS评定；干预组家属74人，对照组家属65人，采用SCL－90评定。结果：6个月后干预组患者BPRS和入组时对照比较均有显著性差异（P＜0．01），说明干预组患者的精神症状，不良情绪及社会功能明显好转，入组时两组家属SCL－90评定与常模对照比较，均有明显差异（P＜0．05或0．01），经干预后干预组与全国常规比较无显著性差异（P＞0．05），说明患者家属普遍存在心理障碍，经干预后家属心理状况明显改善。结论：对康复期病人及家属进行门诊家庭干预，是有效的康复方法，值得推广应用。     

体外反搏对血液流变性和血小板聚集性的影响

观察４０例心脑血管疾病患者体外反搏前后血液流变性和血小板聚集性变化。结果表明，反搏后全血比及还原比粘度、血浆粘度有不同程度的下降（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）。反搏治疗后，１～５ｍｉｎ血小板聚集率、最大聚集率和最大聚集速度较反搏前均明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），而５ｍｉｎ解聚率则明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示体外反搏治疗不仅影响血液动力学，而且明显降低血液粘度，对血小板聚集功能有明显抑制作用。     

The categorical and dimensional models of endogenous depression

We calculated a Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) endogenous score for 257 depressed inpatients based on the number of endogenous criteria present. The distribution of RDC endogenous scores was unimodal. There was no association between endogenous scores and results of the Dexamethasone Suppression Test, or morbid risk for depression in the patients' first-degree relatives. The morbid risk for a family history of alcoholism tended to decrease with increasing endogenous scores, although a consistent steady decline was not observed. The results suggest that the RDC criteria do not fit either the categorical or dimensional model of endogenous classification. Potential sources of difficulty with the RDC endogenous criteria are discussed.     

A possible role for lysozyme in determining acute exacerbation in chronic bronchitis.

The aggregation of non-serotypable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) by whole saliva from patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) was investigated. Significant differences were observed between salivary aggregating activity of a control and COLD population (P < 0.001). Saliva from patients less prone to acute exacerbations had a greater capacity to aggregate bacteria compared with saliva from patients with a predilection to infection. The mechanism of saliva-mediated aggregation of NTHI was investigated and shown to be related to lysozyme content. Lysozyme activity in saliva was measured by the turbidimetric technique and results showed that patients with chronic bronchitis had increased levels of salivary lysozyme, with a subpopulation within the non-infection-prone group having greater amounts. A significant difference was observed in salivary lysozyme between controls and non-infection-prone (P < 0.005) and infection-prone (P < 0.05) patients, respectively: the non-infection-prone patients having significantly (P < 0.005) more than the infection-prone patients. There was significant correlation (r = 0.742, P < 0.001) between salivary aggregation of NTHI and lysozyme activity. Chromatographically purified human lysozyme had a similar aggregation profile to that of saliva. There was no difference in serum and saliva lactoferrin concentrations between groups, but there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in serum lysozyme concentration in the non-infection-prone group. This study suggests that the level of salivary lysozyme derived from macrophages may play an important role in determining resistance or susceptibility to acute bronchitis.     

急性脑梗塞患者血浆内皮素与血小板内钙含量和聚集关系的探讨

本文用放射免疫分析测定了１６例急性脑梗塞病人的血浆内皮素，用比浊法测定了血小板聚集，用Ｆｕｒａ－２／ＡＭ荧光技术测定了血小板内游离Ｃａ＾２＋含量。急性脑梗塞病人血浆内皮素明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１），血小板聚集率增设增高（Ｐ〈０．０１），血小板内Ｃａ２＾＋含量增高（Ｐ〈０．０１），且观察到ＡＤＰ诱导的血小板聚集与血小板内Ｃａ＾２＋含量之间呈正相关（ｒ＝０．７８，Ｐ〈０．０１），而血浆内皮素与血小反聚集     

Vortex Shedding in Steady Flow Through a Model of an Arterial Stenosis and Its Relevance to Mural Platelet Deposition

In this study, the development of unsteady vortical formations in the separated flow region distal to a stenosis throat is presented and compared with the platelet deposition measurements, to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in platelet kinetics in flowing blood. Qualitative and quantitative flow visualization and numerical simulations were performed in a model of a streamlined axisymmetric stenosis with an area reduction of 84% at the throat of the stenosis. Measurements were performed at Reynolds numbers (Re), based on upstream diameter and average velocity, ranging from 300 to 1800. Both the digital particle image visualization method employed and the numerical simulations were able to capture the motion of the vortices through the separated flow region. Periodic shedding of vortices began at approximately Re=375 and continued for the full range of Re studied. The locales at which these vortices are initiated, their size, and their life span, were a function of Re. The numerical simulations of turbulent flow through the stenosis model entailed a detailed depiction of the process of vortex shedding in the separated flow region downstream of the stenosis. These flow patterns were used to elucidate the mechanisms involved in blood platelet kinetics and deposition in the area in and around an arterial stenosis. The unsteady flow development in the recirculation region is hypothesized as the mechanism for observed changes in the distribution of mural platelet deposition between Re=300, 900, and 1800, despite only a marginal variation in the size and shape of the recirculation zone under these flow conditions. © 1999 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC99: 8719Uv, 8710+e