2006年与2010年甘孜州性病／艾滋病FSW哨点监测

了解甘孜州性病／艾滋病FSW哨点监测工作开展以来的成效,为下一步的工作提供科学依据。方法分别在2006年和2010年,对甘孜州各大娱乐场所FSW进行一对一匿名问卷调查及血清学检测,并对2年的调查资料进行比较分析。结果2006年调查406人,2010年400人。艾滋病知识总体知晓率,2006年为95．1％,2010年为99．1％（P〈0．01）。最近1次与客人发生性行为时安全套的使用情况,2006年为83．7％,2010年为97．O％（P〈0．01）;最近1个月与客人发生性行为时安全套的使用情况,2006年“有时使用”的占61．4％,“每次使用”的占36．8％,2010年“有时使用”的有11．1％,“每次使用”的占88．9％（P〈0．01）。最近1年HIV的检测情况,2006年为28．9％,2010年为3．3％（P〈0．01）。梅毒螺旋体阳性率,2006年为2．5％,2010年为6．5％（P〈0．01）。接受过“安全套宣传和发放／艾滋病咨询与检测”者,2006年有66．3％,2010年有23．3％;接受过“同伴教育”者,2006年有67．2％,2010年有19．3％（P〈0．01）。结论甘孜州开展性病／艾滋病FSw哨点监测工作以来,FSW艾滋病知识知晓率、安全套使用率有所提高;HIV检测率降低、梅毒感染率升高、接受干预服务比例下降。     

FSW性病患病率及行为危险因素调查

目的 为了解本地区的FSW接受健康服务情况、行为危险水平和性病(梅毒、淋病、生殖道沙眼衣原体感染)、艾滋病感染状况.方法 在知情同意的前提下,对FSW人群进行面对面的问卷调查及采样检测.结果 84.5%FSW人群来自外省,90.6%文化程度不超过初中,最近1年0.9%FSW有吸毒行为,最近1个月有65.99%FSW坚...     

Effect of Different Tool Probe Profiles on Material Flow of Al–Mg–Cu Alloy Joined by Friction Stir Welding

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) was utilized to butt−join 2024–T4 aluminum alloy plates of 1.9 mm thickness, using tools with conical and tapered hexagonal probe profiles. The characteristic effects of FSW using tools with tapered hexagonal probe profiles include an increase in the heat input and a significant modification of material flow, which have a positive effect on the metallurgical characteristics and mechanical performance of the weld. The differences in mechanical properties were interpreted through macrostructural changes and mechanical properties of the welded joints, which were supported by numerical simulation results on temperature distribution and material flow. The material flow resulting from the tapered hexagonal probe was more complicated than that of the conical probe. If in the first case, the dynamic viscosity and strain rate are homogeneously distributed around the probe, but in the case of the tapered hexagonal probe tool, the zones with maximum values of strain rates and minimum values of dynamic viscosity are located along the six tapered edges of the probe.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Butt Joints

Friction stir welding (FSW) as a solid-state process is an excellent candidate for high softening temperature materials welding; however, extending the tool life is required to make the process cost-effective. This work investigates the use of a high pin to shoulder ratio (65%) tungsten carbide (WC) tool for friction stir welding of 5 mm thick 2205 DSS to extend the tool life of this low-cost tool material. In addition, the effect of FSW parameters in terms of rotational rates, travel speeds, and downward forces on the microstructural features and mechanical properties of the welded joints were investigated. Characterization in terms of visual inspection, macro and microstructures, hardness, and tensile testing was conducted. The obtained results indicated that the combined rotational rate, travel speed, and downward force parameters govern the production of defect-free joints. The 2205 DSS friction stir welds show an enhancement in hardness compared to the base material. The stir zone showed a significantly refined grain structure of ferrite and austenite with the reduction in the average grain size from 8.8 µm and 13.3 µm for the base material to 2.71 µm and 2.24 µm, respectively. Moreover, this joint showed higher yield strength and ultimate tensile strength compared to the DSS as-received material.     

预防保健人员首诊负责制对提高FSW人群梅毒治疗依从性作用的研究

目的:研究预防保健人员首诊负责制对提高女性性工作者(female sexual workers,FSW)人群梅毒患者治疗依从性的作用。方法:以在我市性病艾滋病外展项目中确诊的119例FSW梅毒患者为研究对象,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组69人,实行预防保健人员首诊负责制,参与梅毒治疗中各阶段工作;对照组50人,按常规诊疗及护理模式进行。结果:实验组治疗依从率100%,对照组中4人(8%)未按医嘱进行治疗,3人(6%)放弃治疗,治疗依从率为86%(43/50),两者比较,存在统计学差异(χ2=7.89,P<0.05)。结论:预防保健人员首诊负责制能明显提高FSW梅毒患者治疗的依从性。     

哈尔滨市2006-2009年暗娼艾滋病知识行为情况及HIV梅毒感染状况调查

目的了解2006-2009年哈尔滨市暗娼(FSW)人群艾滋病知识认知水平、行为特征和艾滋病病毒(HIV)、梅毒感染率,为开展有针对性的行为干预和宣教工作提供线索。方法对暗娼人群进行分层抽样,在知情同意后对她们进行面对面的问卷调查和采样检测,所有资料经Epi Data 3.0版软件进行双录入,使用SPSS 13.0进行统计分析。结果 2006-2009年,暗娼的艾滋病知识知晓率分别为42.4%、57.7%、68.5%和90.6%,最近一次商业性行为时安全套使用率分别为43.0%、76.2%、91.4%和91.9%,梅毒检出率分别为1.2%、3.4%、2.4%和2.5%,4年间均未检出HIV抗体阳性者。结论哈尔滨市暗娼人群存在HIV传播的危险因素,应加强该人群艾滋病性病的宣传教育及干预工作。     

山东省女性性工作者艾滋病相关知识水平及其影响因素分析

[目的]了解山东省全球基金艾滋病项目首批项目县的女性性工作者艾滋病相关知识知晓情况,并分析其影响因素。[方法]按照随机整群分层抽样方法抽取各项目县的女性性工作者所在娱乐场所,由经过统一培训的调查员对场所内女性性工作者进行面对面问卷调查,采用SPSS 15.0进行资料整理与分析女性性工作者人口学特征、艾滋病相关知识知晓情况及其影响因素。[结果]合计调查1 157人,平均年龄为24.58±5.08岁,其中21～25岁者占51.86%,未婚者占69.32%,初中文化占59.29%;艾滋病相关知识知晓率为81.94%,其中传播途径知识知晓率为97.06%,非传播途径知晓率为89.20%。非条件Logistic回归分析显示,文化程度、项目地区、场所来源、婚姻状况及接受艾滋病宣传材料是影响艾滋病知识知晓率的重要因素。[结论]应针对地区、场所档次、婚姻状况、文化程度等影响女性性工作者知识知晓率的因素开展持久、有效的宣传干预活动。     

江苏省部分地区暗娼人群性病感染率及相关危险因素分析

目的:了解江苏省暗娼人群性病?艾滋病感染状况?行为学特征及梅毒?沙眼衣原体性病感染的危险因素?方法:采用方便抽样,对娱乐场所暗娼人群进行匿名问卷调查,每个调查对象采集5 ml静脉血和2支宫颈拭子检测性病?艾滋病,采用SPSS13.0进行统计分析?结果:本次共调查1 806例暗娼,年龄中位数25岁,最近1年有37.0%的调查对象出现过性病相关症状或体征,梅毒?沙眼衣原体?淋球菌和HIV感染率分别为8.4%?14.7%?5.4%和0.3%;教育水平低?来源场所档次低为梅毒感染的危险因素;年龄小?教育水平高?最近1个月与客人发生过无保护性行为是沙眼衣原体感染的危险因素?结论:江苏省性病感染率高,感染性病的危险因素大量存在,下一步的干预工作中,应对暗娼人群给予重点关注?     

卖淫妇女的社会、心理和行为及性病危险因素研究

对１２０例卖淫妇女的社会、心理和行为作了系统研究，显示文化水平低下、性及ＳＴＤ知识匮乏、婚恋受挫、家庭破裂、性道德扭曲、经济利益驱动和精神空虚，是青年妇女沦为暗娼的主要因素。通过物理查体和实验室检查，查出患者３２例，患病率２６．７％。显著高于一般人群，提示卖淫妇女为传播ＳＴＤ的核心人群。通过对３２例ＳＴＤ与８８例非ＳＴＤ组的对比研究，两组在下列诸因素间有显著或非常显著差异；未婚（Ｐ＜０．００１），性伴多而不固定（Ｐ＜０．００１），不坚持使用避孕套（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＳＴＤ知识匮乏（Ｐ＜０．００１）。据此，作者们认为及早采取国际上通用且行之有效的干预措施，将对我国ＳＴＤ防治工作发挥显著促进作用     

Comparative Insight into the Interfacial Phase Evolutions during Solution Treatment of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welded AA2198-AA7475 and AA2198-AA6013 Aluminum Sheets

In the current research, dissimilar friction stir welded (FSW) sheets of AA2198-AA7475 and AA2198-AA6013 were solution treated at 460–580 °C for 1 h. Annealing at 580 °C led to complete degradation of both dissimilar weldments from the AA2198 side. According to the microstructure inspection, solution treatment triggered abnormal grain growth within the stir zone (SZ), and applying higher treatment temperatures enhanced the fraction of transformed grains. SEM analysis revealed that the pre-melting of grain boundaries (GBs) over 540 °C encouraged the diffusion of solute atoms to the GBs. The massive diffusion of Cu to the GBs led to the formation of Cu-rich eutectic phases in AA7475 and AA2198 and dense Cu-rich particles in AA6013. In the meantime, the diffusion of Mg and Zn to the GBs of AA7475 and Fe and Si to the GBs of AA6013 eventuated in the formation of coarse particles at the GBs which, in return, attenuated the bonding adhesion of the grains at SZ. The formation of remarkable Cu-rich phases in the pre-melted regions and significant contraction of the eutectic phase while cooling as well as the formation of particles at GBs resulted in intergranular failure of the joints from the AA2198 side of the SZ.