2004～2005年珠海市成人肺癌死亡的流行病学特征

目的了解珠海市户籍人群肺癌死亡的流行病学特征，为肺癌防治提供决策依据。方法应用2004～2005年珠海市户籍居民病伤死亡原因监测资料，分析珠海市户籍人群肺癌死亡的流行病学特征。结果2004～2005年间珠海市成人平均肺癌死亡率为25．3／10万，标准化率为30．3／10万，是恶性肿瘤死亡的第一位原因；男性和女性标准化率分别为40．1／10万和19．2／10万，男性高于女性（u=7．23，P〈0．01）；平均肺癌死亡率随年龄增长而增加，60岁以上增加明显，且多为老年男性；香洲、斗门、金湾3个区标准化死亡率分别为30．5／10万、31．1／10万和27．3／10万，不同地区间肺癌死亡水平无显著性差异。结论肺癌是威胁珠海市居民健康的主要恶性肿瘤之一，随着人口老龄化的发展，其病死率将呈持续增长趋势；应针对肺癌主要危险因素采取控烟、改善环境等积极有效的预防控制措施。     

新疆维吾尔族成人血脂流行特点分析

目的调查新疆维吾尔族成人血脂流行特点。方法采用多级整群抽样调查,于2007年10月至2008年1月,测定1283名维吾尔族居民的TG、TC、HDL—C、LDL—C。结果血脂异常总患病率为49．4％,其中男性患病率为54．7％、女性患病率为44．5％,低HDL—C患病率最高,为37．6％。60岁以上的老年患者是血脂异常的高发人群。超重、向心性肥胖、高血压及糖尿病均与血脂异常相关。结论新疆维吾尔族成人血脂异常患病率高,防治工作应侧重于老年人,建议合理膳食、增加体育运动、降低体重以及控制烟酒,并注意高血压、糖尿病等多种危险因素的防治。     

Nationwide survey of Arima syndrome: Revised diagnostic criteria from epidemiological analysis

Aim: We have never known any epidemiological study of Arima syndrome since it was first described in 1971. To investigate the number of Arima syndrome patients and clarify the clinical differences between Arima syndrome and Joubert syndrome, we performed the first nationwide survey of Arima syndrome, and herein report its results. Furthermore, we revised the diagnostic criteria for Arima syndrome. Methods: As a primary survey, we sent out self-administered questionnaires to most of the Japanese hospitals with a pediatric clinic, and facilities for persons with severe motor and intellectual disabilities, inquiring as to the number of patients having symptoms of Arima syndrome, including severe psychomotor delay, agenesis or hypoplasia of cerebellar vermis, renal dysfunction, visual dysfunction and with or without ptosis-like appearance. Next, as the second survey, we sent out detailed clinical questionnaires to the institutes having patients with two or more typical symptoms. Results: The response rate of the primary survey was 72.7% of hospitals with pediatric clinic, 63.5% of national hospitals and 66.7% of municipal and private facilities. The number of patients with 5 typical symptoms was 13 and that with 2–4 symptoms was 32. The response rate of the secondary survey was 52% (23 patients). After reviewing clinical features of 23 patients, we identified 7 Arima syndrome patients and 16 Joubert syndrome patients. Progressive renal dysfunction was noticed in all Arima syndrome patients, but in 33% of those with Joubert syndrome. Conclusion: It is sometimes difficult to distinguish Arima syndrome from Joubert syndrome. Some clinicians described a patient with Joubert syndrome and its complications of visual dysfunction and renal dysfunction, whose current diagnosis was Arima syndrome. Thus, the diagnosis of the two syndromes may be confused. Here, we revised the diagnostic criteria for Arima syndrome.     

2008-2012年高州市手足口病流行特征分析

目的 分析高州市手足口病流行特征,探讨手足口病防控策略.方法 用描述性流行病学分析方法对高州市2008-2012年手足口病发病情况进行分析.结果 5年共报告手足口病发病1781例,其中重症病例16例;年平均发病率为26.79/10万,发病率最高的为2012年（87.38/10万）;全市28个乡镇街道均有病例发生,排在前3位的是石古镇（占11.12％）、潘州街道（占9.71％）、大坡镇（占8.20％）;每年发病高峰在4、5月,但在10月份有一个小高峰;发病的高危人群为0～5岁组散居儿童;重病病例病原检测以EV71为主.结论 高州市手足口病发病存在明显的季节性和人群性,防控重点应从重点时间、重点人群出发,并着力提高基层医疗卫生机构诊疗能力.     

宜春市麻疹强化免疫前后发病状况的研究

目的 了解宜春市2006年1月～2012年12月麻疹强化免疫前后麻疹流行病学的特征,为更好地制订消除麻疹措施提供依据.方法 根据中国疾病预防控制信息系统及宜春市疾控中心麻疹强化免疫接种率报表,采用描述性流行病学方法,分析宜春市麻疹强化免疫前后的发病状况.结果 宜春市2006～2012年共报告麻疹病例1107例,男女性别比为2.2∶1,以散发为主,年平均发病率为2.88/10万;以散居儿童居多;发病年龄以＜15岁为主,其中,＜2岁发病例数最多（x2=52.64,P＜0.05）;麻疹强化接种前年平均发病率与强化接种后相比下降率为95.49％（x2=709.48,P＜0.05）;麻疹强化接种前后均以4～8月份为发病高发季节,且4月份为高峰期.年平均发病率排在前5位分别是万载县、丰城市、高安市、靖安县、袁州区;麻疹强化接种前后各县市区麻疹年平均发病率的下降率均＞75％,其中铜鼓县2010～2012年连续3年发病率为0％.结论 宜春市麻疹以散发为主,麻疹强化接种后,各年龄段、各地区麻疹发病率显著下降,部分儿童接种麻疹疫苗后仍有发病,0～2岁儿童发病率最高;建议在常规免疫的基础上,间隔2～3年对全市范围大规模实施麻疹强化免疫,保护易感人群,形成较牢固的免疫屏障,使麻疹发病率保持低态势.     

Rates of Help-Seeking in US Adults With Lifetime DSM-5 Eating Disorders: Prevalence Across Diagnoses and Differences by Sex and Ethnicity/Race

ObjectiveTo investigate, in a nationally representative sample of US adults, the prevalence of help-seeking in individuals with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) eating disorders (EDs) and to examine sex and ethnic/racial differences.Patients and MethodsThe 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (N=36,309) included respondents who met the criteria for specific lifetime DSM-5 EDs and answered questions regarding help-seeking for their ED symptoms (anorexia nervosa [AN]: n=275; bulimia nervosa [BN]: n=91; and binge-eating disorder [BED]: n=256).ResultsThe prevalence (standard error) estimates of ever seeking any help for AN, BN, and BED were 34.5% (2.80%), 62.6% (5.36%), and 49.0% (3.74%), respectively. Adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, men and ethnic/racial minorities (non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics) were statistically significantly less likely to ever seek help for BED than were women or non-Hispanic whites, respectively. Hispanics also were significantly less likely to seek help for AN relative to non-Hispanic whites.ConclusionThis was the first study in a nationally representative sample of US adults to examine rates of help-seeking, including by sex and ethnic/racial differences, across DSM-5–defined EDs. These findings emphasize the need to develop strategies to encourage help-seeking among individuals with EDs, particularly among men and ethnic/racial minorities.     

安徽怀远县1970～2003年钩端螺旋体病流行病学分析

目的了解怀远县乃至安徽省钩端螺旋体病(以下简称“钩体病”)其流行趋势,以制定科学有效的控制措施。方法根据怀远县1970-2003年疫情资料及检验结果进行汇总统计,并加以整理分析。结果怀远县1970-2003年平均发病率为1.79/10万,1970～2001年全县发生的钩体病以波摩那群为主,2002～2003年以黄疸出血群为主;流行形式上,以爆发为主,常伴有散发病例,爆发病例共549例,占总报告病例的88.12％;时间分布上,无明显周期性,除3次爆发出现明显的年度高峰外,其余年份病例数无明显差异,呈散发,以7～10月份发病为多,占报告病例总数的93.10％,去除爆发因素,则以1月份和7、8月份相对较多;男性明显高于女性,男女性别发病数之比为2.09∶1,以10～44岁发病数较高,形成较为明显的年龄高峰,75岁以上无发病;地区分布上,除爆发乡镇病例明显高于其它乡镇外,其余乡镇无明显差异,但从河流分布看,涡河以南明显高于涡河以北,若去除爆发因素,两者无明显改变。2003年的8～9月份钩体病现状调查显示,我县涡河以南钩体病感染率明显高于涡河以北(x~2=17.32,P<0.01)。结论我县钩体疫源地类型已由既往的经济疫源地向自然疫源地过渡,为混合型疫源地,流行形式已由洪水型向稻田型过渡,目前与稻田型一致,以黄疸出血群为主,黑线姬鼠为主要动物宿主,流行菌群发生变迁,并从血清学及病原学方面证实了“南黄北移”现象的存在。     

云南省地方性猝死早期发现的探讨

目的寻求云南省地方性猝死早期发现的方法。方法以现场流行病学调查及临床医学检查,调查25例死者的发病与死亡经过并确定死因;对高危人群106人及对照人群214人进行查体、心电图、X线检查,以确定各调查点的现患。结果共确诊死者及现患52人,其流行病特点、临床表现、心电图、X线检查结果均具有显著共性;运用症状监测方法,出现头晕、胸闷、气短、心悸、乏力、恶心呕吐等心功不全症候群以及抽搐、晕厥等心脑综合征者应列为监测对象。结论根据该病的流行病学及临床特点,以症状监测为核心的综合监测方法可以在该病的早期发现中加以运用。     

Significance of IgG4-positive cells in severe eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis

Background

IgG4 production is regulated by type 2 (IL-4 and IL-13) and regulatory (IL-10) cytokines involved in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We sought to determine the pathophysiological characteristics of IgG4-positive cells in sinonasal tissues in CRS, especially eosinophilic CRS (ECRS).