循证护理在老年病科开展个性化封管护理中的应用

目的探索老年病科患者使用静脉留置针时实施个性化封管护理的方法。方法依据循证护理途径:确定循证问题、收集并列出证据、评估证据、结合临床实际使用证据得出循证结果,即个性化封管护理的具体做法,选择符合条件的病例32例作为实验效果观察对照。结果个性化封管护理在降低堵管率、延长置管时间(P<0.001)、预防相关并发症等方面有明显效果。结论循证护理应用于老年病科开展个性化封管护理,促进护士去寻求具有科学依据的护理实证指导解决临床实际问题,为患者提供最有效、最合理、最经济的护理,从而提高护理质量。     

工业氟污染区人群氟斑牙的调查

目的 了解工业氟污染区人群氟斑牙情况。方法 对调查区内随机抽取的不同年龄组的7182名居民氟斑牙患病情况、尿氟含量与当地环境氟水平之间的关系进行分析。结果 氟斑牙平均检出率达47.86％;尿氟平均含量为1.47±1.07mg/L。当地环境要素中的大气、农作物和土壤含氟量分别超过相应的标准值或背景值,而饮用水及茶水的氟含量均在正常水平。结论 工业氟污染是引起该地区人群氟斑牙流行的主要原因     

From inhibition to activation,from emotional hyporeactivity to emotional hyperreactivity: Two pathways to discriminate mood in bipolar disorders

To better explore the clinical heterogeneity of bipolar mood states, we developed a dimensional scale for assessing all mood episodes (depressive, hypomanic, manic, mixed states) using the same tool. The Multidimensional Assessment of Thymic States (MATHYS) (Henry et al., 2008) provides two scores, a total score measuring a level of activation and a sub-score of emotional reactivity. The aim of this study was to establish the appropriate cut-off in total activation versus inhibition and in the emotional reactivity sub-score in bipolar disorders. Patients (n=187) during an acute episode and controls (n=89) filled in the MATHYS. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were obtained to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the global score and the emotional reactivity sub-score of the MATHYS, in order to differentiate patients from controls. ROC curves showed very satisfactory sensitivity and specificity levels both for the total score and the sub-score of emotional reactivity, thus providing an appropriate cut-off. Concerning the total score between 0 and 200, patients with a score lower than 91 had significant global inhibition and those with a score higher than 109 had significant global activation. Regarding the emotional reactivity sub-score between 0 and 40, patients with a score lower than 16 had significant emotional hyporeactivity and those with a score higher than 24 had significant emotional hyperreactivity. Our results provide cut-offs for the MATHYS to identify patients in an acute phase.     

Association of Japanese cedar pollinosis and sensitization with HLA-DPB1 in the Japanese adolescent

Background

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a heterogeneous disorder that significantly affects daily activity, work productivity, sleep, learning, and quality of life in all generations. Japanese cedar (JC) pollen is the most common allergen responsible for the development of AR in Japan. AR caused by JC pollen is considered to be a multifactorial inheritance disease that is caused by both environmental and genetic factors. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Human Leukocyte Antigen-DPB1 (HLA-DPB1) is associated with JC sensitization/pollinosis.

The Possible Impact of Nationwide Vaccination on Outcomes of the COVID-19 Epidemic in North Korea: A Modelling Study

BackgroundThe Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) had successfully suppressed the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic via border closures. However, a rapid surge in incidence was reported due to the spread of the omicron variant (B.1.1.529), leading to a national emergency declaration in May 2022. Moreover, with the lack of vaccine accessibility and medical facilities, it is unclear how the disease burden may be exacerbated. Despite the limited epidemiological data, we aimed to project the COVID-19 transmissions in North Korea and quantify the potential impact of nationwide vaccination, comparing epidemiological outcomes via scenario analysis.MethodsA discrete-time deterministic compartmental model was used. The parameters were calibrated using empirical data. Numerical simulations incorporated nationwide COVID-19 vaccination into the proposed model with various asymptomatic proportions.ResultsOur model suggested that the stringent public health and social measures (PHSMs) reduced the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmissibility by more than 80% in North Korea. Projections that explicitly incorporated vaccination indicated that nationwide vaccination would be necessary to suppress a huge resurgence in both COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations after the stringent PHSMs are eased. Moreover, vaccinating more than 80% of the population with two doses may keep the peak prevalence of hospitalizations below 1,500, averting more than 40,000 hospitalizations across all scenarios.ConclusionNationwide vaccination would be essential to suppress the prevalence of COVID-19 hospitalizations in North Korea after the stringent PHSMs are lifted, especially in the case of a small asymptomatic proportion.     

广东省中山市城区6~12岁学龄儿童鼻眼气道皮肤过敏症状的问卷调查分析

目的了解广东省中山市城区6～12岁学龄儿童过敏性疾病相关症状的发生情况和特点,为制定过敏性疾病预防措施提供参考。方法以现场问卷调查的方式,随机抽取中山市城区4所小学6~12岁学龄儿童进行问卷调查,问卷主要内容包括一般情况、家族史、鼻过敏症状、眼过敏症状、气道过敏症状和荨麻疹或其他皮肤过敏症状等6部分。问卷结果提示有过敏性疾病相关症状且自愿参加检测的儿童行皮肤点刺试验（SPT）。结果4 478名儿童参与问卷调查,回收有效问卷4 085份,有效率为91.2％。结果显示,25.2％（1 030/4 085名）儿童的父亲或母亲曾患过敏性疾病,父母患有过敏性疾病其子女过敏性疾病相关症状的发生率也显著增高。24.0％（980/4 085名）儿童出现过鼻过敏症状,男602名,女378名。51.9％（2 120/4 085名）儿童出现过眼过敏症状,以春季为主（77.8％,1 650/2 120名）。3.4％（140/4 085名）儿童曾患有哮喘,其中17名（12.1％）在过去1年内有哮喘发作。17.7％（722/4 085名）儿童曾出现过荨麻疹或其他皮肤过敏症状。220名儿童自愿进行了SPT,其中196名结果阳性（89.1％）,主要过敏原依次为：屋尘螨185名（94.4％）、粉尘螨181名（92.3％）、热带螨120名（61.2％）、艾蒿45名（23.0％）、狗毛27名（13.8％）及猫毛26名（13.3％）。 结论中山市城区学龄儿童过敏性疾病相关症状发生率较高,螨虫是本地区儿童最主要的过敏原。     

Clinical applications of characteristic frequency measurements: preliminaryin vivo study

In vivo electrical impedance tomography images have been available for some years, and most of them show variation in impedance amplitude between two different states, for example between inspiration and expiration of the lungs. A refinement of the tomography technique has made it possible to show images of the complex impedance of the body. If several frequencies are used, more information on the investigated tissues can be collected, and new areas made available for investigation. It has been shown that tissues exhibit a characteristic frequency that can be derived from the maximum magnitude of the (negative) reactance. The characteristic frequency-related images can be calculated from several imaginary part curves obtained using the back-projection technique. The paper shows in vivo impedance spectra from different parts of the body, determines the characteristic frequency of the different in vivo measurements and suggests different applications of characteristic frequency imaging. Several data sets are collected to show the reproducibility of the measurements.     

精神科护士职业倦怠与人格特征的关系研究

目的 了解精神科护士工作职业倦怠及其与人格特征的关系,进而提供一些有效的应对措施.方法 采用护士职业倦怠问卷(MBI)、艾森克个性问卷成人版(EPQ),对某精神病医院精神科临床一线80名护士进行了问卷调查.结果 精神科护士情感耗竭、个人成就感低于综合医院护士(P＜0.01),去人格化倾向高于综合医院护士(P＜0.05);情感耗竭同EPQ精神质呈显著正相关(r=0.543,P＜0.01);个人成就感与神经质呈负相关(r=-0.321,P＜0.05);性别、工龄与职业倦怠未构成显著差异性.结论 精神科护士职业倦怠水平较综合医院护士低且受个性特征的影响.     

可溶性B7-H4在早期胃癌中的诊断价值探讨

目的:探讨可溶性B7-H4(soluble B7-H4,sB7-H4)在早期胃癌中的诊断价值。方法:应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)夹心法检测80例早期胃癌患者与50例正常人血清sB7-H4水平,用化学发光法检测血清CEA、CA19-9水平,利用受试者工作特性曲线(ROC),比较分析sB7-H4作为早期胃癌血清标志物的诊断价值。结果:早期胃癌患者血清sB7-H4水平(47.61±13.57)ng/ml明显高于正常人(30.62±8.65)ng/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。sB7-H4在早期胃癌诊断中的灵敏度(81.25%)和准确性(78.46%)均高于CEA及CA19-9,特异性(74%)低于CEA及A199。结论:sB7-H4在早期胃癌诊断中具有良好的临床应用前景,联合检测sB7-H4、CEA和CA19-9可提高胃癌的诊断率。