The inflammatory lesion of T cell line transferred experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis of the Lewis rat: distinct nature of parenchymal and perivascular infiltrates

We have investigated the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in the inflammatory infiltrates of T line-transferred experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) of the Lewis rats. Using a panel of TCR V-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and immunocytochemistry, we studied the nature of the T cells entering the central nervous system (CNS) after transfer of either myelin basic protein (MBP)-reactive, or MBP-reactive but non-encephalitogenic T cell lines. All the MBP-specific T cell lines predominantely used the V8.2 TCR chain. T cell lines specific for the tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD), using TCR V genes different from V8.2, served as controls. We first studied the time course of T cells entering the CNS. In all recipient rats, small, but significant numbers of -TCR-expressing infiltrate cells appeared in the CNS within the first 24 h after T cell transfer. In animals injected with either type of MBP-reactive T cells, the early infiltrate cells were preferentially located within the parenchyma of the spinal cord, while in PPD T lineinjected rats, the lymphocytes were mostly found in the meninges. TCR V gene usage was examined on the peak of clinical disease. Six days after T cell transfer, the TCR repertoire used by infiltrating lymphocytes in general seemed to be highly diverse. None of the V isotypes examined (i.e. V8.2, V8.5 or V10) was used by a major population of the -TCR-positive T cells. A more detailed, quantitative analysis of individual infiltrate compartments revealed, however, a preferential accumulation of V8.2-positive T cells within the parenchyma. In contrast, perivascular infiltrating cells used V genes randomly. Our results confirm first that activated T lymphocytes enter the brain rapidly irrespective of their antigen specificity. Second, the data show that most of the perivascular infiltrate T cells in the acute EAE lesion are host-derived, recruited presumably from the recirculating T cell pool, while the encephalitogenic, V8.2-positive T cells preferentially persist within the parenchyma.Abbreviations EAE experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis - MBP myelin basic protein - TCL T cell line Supported by the Brazilian Research Council (CNPq)     

1993年汕头口岸入出境人员HBV感染情况分析

本文作者对汕头卫生检疫局1993年从19129名入出境人员疾病监测体检中发现的1809名HBsAg阳性者进行HBV标志物(抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc)测定结果的分析,提出今后继续加强开展乙型肝炎“二对半”检测,做好乙型肝炎预防工作的意见。     

短程糖皮质激素治疗流行性乙型脑炎76例

目的：探讨糖皮质激素治疗流行性乙型脑炎的疗效。方法：采用地塞米松针剂加入液体静脉滴注,并配合物理降温、镇静止痉、脱水、给氧、扩容、纠酸、防治感染,加强护理等常规综合治疗。结果：治愈６９例（９０８％）,好转３例（３９％）,死亡４例（５３％）。结论：在常规综合治疗基础上应用激素治疗乙型脑炎疗效显著提高。     

1999至2001年广州地区临床常见肠杆菌科细菌耐药性监测结果分析

目的 了解临床分离常见肠杆菌科细菌的耐药性。方法 统一采用纸片扩散法进行实验，以美国NCCLS文件为判断标准，每次监测均有质控数据。结果 共有11家广州市三级甲等医院实验室参加耐药性监测，三年共统计临床常见肠杆菌科细菌3147株。结论 对肠杆菌科细菌，亚胺培南的耐药率最低，可考虑为临床首选药物，阿米卡星、头孢他啶耐药率相对较低，可选择用药。庆大霉素的耐药率有逐年下降的趋势，将来可能成为临床一线药。而磺胺甲噁唑／甲氧苄啶、四环素、萘啶酸等耐药率相对较高，应慎用。氨节西林的耐药率很高，应避免使用。     

Tamoxifen and the female genital tract

Ugwumadu AHN, Carmichael P, Neven P. Tamoxifen and the female genital tract. Int J Gynecol Cancer 1998; 8 : 6–15.
Tamoxifen was originally developed by Imperial Chemical Industries (England) (ICI) in 1966 as an anti-estrogenic contraceptive. Ironically, it found a role in the treatment of anovulatory infertility, but its most important application to date is in adjuvant hormonotherapy for breast cancer. Tamoxifen has a complex and poorly understood mix of estrogenic and anti-estrogenic properties with variable and contrasting effects on hormone-sensitive target tissues, such as the endometrium. This article reviews the gynecologic lesions associated with tamoxifen therapy and discusses the merits and acceptability of endometrial surveillance tests and the role of progestogens.     

Natural Course of Silicosis in Dust-exposed Workers

Silica-containing dust and silicosis have beenattracting more and more attention with numerousresearches worldwide[1 ,2], especially in China .However ,few studies have been conducted con-cerning the criteria of the period and content ofmedical examination of health surveillance for dust-exposed workers[3]. Since 1986 an epidemiologicalstudy onthe relation of silica dust exposure ,silico-sis and lung cancer was jointly made by TongjiMedical College , US National Cancer Institute andthe US …     

44例流行性脑脊髓膜炎的调查分析

目的:为流行性脑脊髓膜炎(以下简称流脑)的防治和病人标本采样提供科学依据。方法:分析2004年冬至2005年春蚌埠市监测的44例流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行病学和临床特征以及标本检验结果,运用流行病学和卫生统计学方法对各种结果进行分析、比较。结果:流脑发病以6至20岁之间的且有聚集性工作或学习倾向的年龄为主,C群流脑占培养分群样本的2/3,对病人瘀点瘀斑(或脑脊液)进行涂片镜检阳性检出率高于其他标本检验。结论:本次流行以C群流脑为主,病情重,应采取全人群接种流脑(A C)疫苗。用过抗生素的病人再采集血标本意义不大。     

The Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca Vaccines to Prevent Severe COVID-19 in Costa Rica: Nationwide,Ecological Study of Hospitalization Prevalence

BackgroundThe Costa Rican COVID-19 vaccination program has used Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines. Real-world estimates of the effectiveness of these vaccines to prevent hospitalizations range from 90%-98% for two doses and from 70%-91% for a single dose. Almost all of these estimates predate the Delta variant.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to estimate the dose-dependent effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines to prevent severe illness in real-world conditions in Costa Rica, after the Delta variant became dominant.MethodsThis observational study is a secondary analysis of hospitalization prevalence. The sample is all 3.67 million adult residents living in Costa Rica by mid-2021. The study is based on public aggregated data of 5978 COVID-19–related hospital records from September 14, 2021, to October 20, 2021, and 6.1 million vaccination doses administered to determine hospitalization prevalence by dose-specific vaccination status. The intervention retrospectively evaluated is vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech (78%) and Oxford-AstraZeneca (22%). The main outcome studied is being hospitalized.ResultsVaccine effectiveness against hospitalization (VEH) was estimated as 93.4% (95% CI 93.0-93.9) for complete vaccination and 76.7% (95% CI 75.0-78.3) for single-dose vaccination among adults of all ages. VEH was lower and more uncertain among older adults aged ≥58 years: 92% (95% CI 91%-93%) for those who had received full vaccination and 64% (95% CI 58%-69%) for those who had received partial vaccination. Single-dose VEH declined over time during the study period, especially in the older age group. Estimates were sensitive to possible errors in the population count used to determine the residual number of unvaccinated people when vaccine coverage is high.ConclusionsThe Costa Rican COVID-19 vaccination program that administered Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines seems to be highly effective at preventing COVID-19–related hospitalization after the Delta variant became dominant. Even a single dose seems to provide some degree of protection, which is good news for people whose second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was postponed several weeks to more rapidly increase the number of people vaccinated with a first dose. Timely monitoring of vaccine effectiveness is important to detect eventual failures and motivate the public to get vaccinated by providing information regarding the effectiveness of the vaccines.