合肥市1993—1997年城区居民恶性肿瘤死亡分析

本文对合肥市１９９３—１９９７年城区居民恶性肿癌死亡进行了分析,结果显示恶性肿瘤死亡率居该市死因第一位,死亡居前的是肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌,５０—６９岁年龄段人群恶性肿瘤死亡率成倍增长,７０—８０岁年龄段癌症死亡率最高,分析表明老年人是暴露恶性肿癌危险因素高危人群,是癌症防治的重点人群。     

Polymorphism analysis of the VNTR locus D17S5 in Central Spain

The fragment length polymorphism YNZ22 (D17S5) was analysed for a sample of 207 unrelated individuals living in Madrid (Spanish Caucasians) using PCR-methodology and high resolution separation. Hardy-Weinberg expectations (HWE) were calculated after pooling alleles into four groups. No deviations from HWE were detectable using the conventional ²-test. The power of discrimination was estimated as 0.96 and the mean paternity exclusion chance as 0.7587. A comparison of the allele frequency distribution with those of other Caucasian groups revealed no major differences.     

Single neurons are differently involved in stimulus-specific oscillations in cat visual cortex

Synchronised oscillatory population events (35–80 Hz; 60–300 ms) can be induced in the visual cortex of cats by specific visual stimulation. The oscillatory events are most prominent in local slow wave field potentials (LFP) and multiple unit spikes (MUA). We investigated how and when single cortical neurons are involved in such oscillatory population events. Simultaneous recordings of single cell spikes, LFP and MUA were made with up to seven microelectrodes. Three states of single cell participation in oscillations were distinguished in spike triggered averages of LFP or MUA from the same electrode: (1) Rhythmic states were characterised by the presence of rhythmicity in single cell spike patterns (35–80 Hz). These rhythms were correlated with LFP and MUA oscillations. (2) Lock-in states lacked rhythmic components in single cell spike patterns, while spikes were phase-coupled with LFP or MUA oscillations. (3) During non-participation states LFP or MUA oscillations were present, but single cell spike trains were neither rhythmic nor phase coupled to these oscillations. Stimulus manipulations (from optimal to suboptimal for the generation of oscillations) often led to systematic transitions between these states (from rhythmic to lock-in to non-participation). Single cell spike coupling was generally associated with negative peaks in LFP oscillations, irrespective of the cortical separation of single cell and population signals (0–6 mm). Our results suggest that oscillatory cortical population activities are not only supported by local and distant neurons with rhythmic spike patterns, but also by those with irregular patterns in which some spikes occur phase-locked to oscillatory events.     

Sleep disturbances,nightmares and other possible central nervous disturbances in a population sample of women,with special reference to those on antihypertensive drugs

Summary Of 1302 women aged 44–66 years in a population study in Göteborg, Sweden, in 1974–75, who were representative of women of all the ages studied in the area, 165 were taking antihypertensive drugs, mostly -blockers and diuretics. The prevalence of sleep disturbances, nightmares, tiredness and melancholia or depression was studied in the total population sample, and a comparison was made between women who were or were not taking antihypertensive drugs. In the entire population sample no significant difference was found between the various age strata studied, although with increasing age there was a trend towards fewer complaints of nightmares, but a larger number of sleep disturbances as a whole. No difference was found between women taking or not taking various types of single-drug therapy or combinations of antihypertensive drugs.     

用群体药代动力学预测癫痫儿童丙戊酸钠血药浓度

目的 用群体药代动力(PPK)模型和贝叶斯法预测血药浓度。方法 用癫痫儿童丙戊酸钠PPK模型和USC~*PACK软件中的贝叶斯程序,对100例新癫痫患儿丙戊酸钠的血药浓度进行预测。将预测值与实测值做配对t检验,相关和回归分析,计算平均预测误差、预测误差的百分比、不同预测误差百分比的符合率及其95％可信区间、构成比和评价预测的准确程度。结果 预测值与实测值的相关系数为0.99,P<0.001,线性回归Y_(OBS)=0.99)Y_(PRED),决定系数为0.98,P<0.001;平均预测误差为-0.43μg·mL~(-1),预测误差百分比分别为5％,10％,15％,20％,25％,30％的符合率为62％,74％,82％,85％,89％,93％。结论 PPK模型和贝叶斯法可准确预测丙戊酸钠稳态血药浓度。     

新疆药用桑树9个栽培群体的RAPD分析

目的 从DNA分子水平上分析新疆药用桑树资源9个栽培群体的遗传关系。方法 从100个随机引物中筛选出10个引物，用这10个引物做RAPD扩增，应用NTSYS软件对扩增结果进行聚类分析。结果 共扩增出108个位点。其中多态性位点91个，多态比例为84．26％，各群体间存在较明显的遗传分化。另外，获得药桑的8个特异位点。结论 RAPD分析结果与新疆药用桑树资源植物的遗传关系的传统划分是基本一致的。     

某钢铁企业肿瘤发病及危险因素研究

[目的]探讨某钢铁企业肿瘤的发病情况及其相关的危险因素.[方法]在某钢铁企业近10年新发生119例肿瘤作为病例组,另选取同性别、同年龄(上下不超过3岁)的同一工作场所和不同工作场所的健康人各119例作对照,共计238例,进行1:2配对对照研究.[结果]肿瘤的发病率为109.40/10万,以肺癌、上消化道癌为主.多因素条件Logistic分析表明接触毒害物质、吸烟、使用煤炉、肿瘤家族史、精神创伤、喜食烫的食物为肺癌、上消化道癌发病的主要危险因素,食新鲜蔬菜、新鲜水果有保护作用.[结论]该钢铁企业肿瘤发病呈较高水平,以肺癌、上消化道癌占多数.其危险因素与公认的肿瘤危险因素一致,应采取改善环境等综合预防措施.     

Linking genes and environmental exposure: why China presents special opportunities

The Human Genome Project will have an enormous impact on our ability to study and understand human disease by providing maps of human genes. However, many of the most prevalent human diseases result from the complex interaction of numerous genes. Even with the use of a catalogue of human genes, the task of analyzing complex genetic and environmental interactions involved in the common human disorders will be formidable. Due to its demographic specificities and large size, the Chinese population offers a unique resource for the study of human genetics and the ability to capitalize upon the recent revolution in biotechnology. Reasons that China provides an exceptional population for genetic studies of complex diseases include: (i) the resource of 1.3 billion people makes obtaining a large number of subjects with rare (and common) diseases possible; (ii) relative genetic homogeneity in many regions has been preserved; (iii) stratification is distinct; (iv) urban/rural and geograph ic contrasts, both in environmental factors and disease occurrence, are quite marked; (v) family members tend to stay congregated; and (vi) epidemiologic study is cost-beneficial.     

口服及静注乙醇后血中乙醇与β-羟丁酸,乙酰乙酸,乳酸及丙酮酸浓度关系的探讨:一项群体药效动力学的研究

目的 :应用群体药理学方法探讨血浆中乙醇浓度对 β 羟丁酸 ,乙酰乙酸 ,乳酸 ,丙酮酸 ,β 羟丁酸 乙酰乙酸 (H A)比值及乳酸 丙酮酸 (L P)比值变化的效应。方法 :给 14名健康成人口服剂量相当于1.0 2g·L-1总身体水的乙醇。在另一项实验中 ,给 8名健康成人静脉注射剂量相当于 0 .83g·L-1总身体水的乙醇。在服用乙醇后 380min采取静脉血测定乙醇 ,β 羟丁酸 ,乙酰乙酸 ,乳酸及丙酮酸的血浆浓度。在静注乙醇后 340min采血测定上述 5种物质的血浆浓度。结果 :在口服乙醇实验中 ,C0 为 6 6 .6±8.1mg·dl-1,显著低于 10 2mg·dl-1,(t检验 ,P <0 .0 0 1)。清除相斜率 β为 0 .2 2 9± 0 .0 5mg·dl-1·min-1。在静注实验中 ,C0 为 75 .6± 10 .9mg·dl-1,与 83mg·dl-1比较无显著性差异 ,β为0 .2 4 5± 0 .0 5mg·dl-1·min-1。在两项实验中 ,我们应用群体间接生理反应模型来拟合乙醇浓度对 β 羟丁酸 ,乙酰乙酸 ,乳酸 ,丙酮酸 ,β 羟丁酸 乙酰乙酸比值及乳酸 丙酮酸比值变化的效应 ,并得出各项参数。同时 ,我们发现 ,当乙醇的清除相结束时 ,H A比值尚未达最大值 ,说明在乙醇的零级代谢相时肝脏仍在产生NADH。乳酸和乙醇的关系曲线显示乳酸的变化呈现一种逆时钟方向的滞后。结论 :血L P比值不适合用作实     

绥芬河口岸2000～2002年出入境人员传染病监测结果分析

目的 建立绥芬河口岸出入境人员传染病病谱，为有效开展传染病监测工作提供科学依据。方法 对绥芬河口岸2000—2002年37514名出入境人员的传染病监测情况进行分析。结果 在绥芬河口岸出入境人员中以商务人员最多占总人数的52％，检出的传染病病谱为：HBsAs阳性、梅毒、活动性肺结核。结论 经统计分析，HBsAg是绥芬河口岸影响出入境人员身体健康的主要传染病；商务人员、公务人员是重点监测人群。