Interleukin-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with COPD

目的　本研究通过检测支气管肺灌洗液 (BALF)中及肺泡巨噬细胞 (AM)产生的IL 6 ,揭示IL 6与慢性支气管炎(COPD)肺气肿发生的关系 ,为IL 6提供新的研究领域。方法　检测 6名正常无吸烟人及 2 1名COPD患者BALF中及AM释放的IL 6 ,根据正常人组BALF中IL 6的 95 %正常值可信区限 ,将COPD患者分为二组 ,在正常值可信区限内为第一组 ,在正常值可信区限外为第二组。结果　表明 2组中AM产生的IL 6第二组明显高于第一组 ,且 2组患者肺功能 (Dlco ,FEV1,FEV1/FVC和RV/TLC)有明显差异结论　AM产生的IL 6可能与COPD患者肺功能变化有关 ,在COPD患者肺气肿发生发展过程中发挥重要作用     

NADPH氧化酶家族在心血管疾病中作用的研究进展

烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶是心血管系统中活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的主要来源,它包 括7种亚型并分别表达在不同的心血管细胞及其细胞器中,参与调节细胞增殖、迁移、分化、凋亡、衰老和炎症反应 等多种活动,其衍生的ROS参与高血压、动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病血管病变、心肌梗死后心室重构等多种心血管疾病 的病理过程。     

A Clinicopathologic Series of 22 Cases of Tonsillar Granulomas

Objectives Tonsils are uncommonly affected by granulomatous inflammation, often with an obscure cause. This study attempts to elucidate the nature of tonsillar granulomatous inflammation. Design Retrospective clinicopathologic review. Methods Twenty‐two cases of tonsillar granulomas diagnosed between 1940 and 1999 were retrieved from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. H&E slides and a series of histochemical stains were reviewed, and patient follow‐up was obtained. Results There were 11 males and 11 females, aged 7 to 64 years (mean, 29.9 y). Most of the cases presented bilaterally (n = 19) with sore throat, dysphagia, and/or nasal obstruction. The clinical differential included chronic tonsillitis, tuberculosis, nonspecific infection, sarcoidosis, and a neoplasm. Histologically, the granulomas were focal and scattered, or diffuse, identified in the interfollicular zones (n = 16) and/or the germinal centers (n = 13), and occasionally associated with necrosis (n = 6). Based on histochemical and clinical follow‐up information, the etiology of the granulomas included sarcoidosis (n = 8), tuberculosis (n = 3), Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 2), toxoplasmosis (n = 1), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 1), and no specific known cause (n = 7). Twelve patients were either alive at last follow‐up or had died with no evidence of disease (mean, 12.4 y), and 9 were either alive at last follow‐up or had died with disease (mean, 24.9 y). One patient was alive with unknown disease status (lost to follow‐up after 13.3 y). Conclusions Although a cause for tonsillar granulomas is frequently identified, a number may not develop an identifiable etiology, with the granulomas probably representing an exaggerated immune response to chronic tonsillitis. However, a careful work‐up must be conducted to exclude specific causes and avoid clinical mismanagement.     

喉Reinke′s水肿的诊断和手术治疗

为提高喉 Reinke′s水肿的诊断水平和手术治疗效果 ,本文对 1 991～ 1 997年间的 3 3例喉Reinke′s水肿病例进行回顾性分析 ,并对喉 Reinke′s水肿的病因、命名、诊断和手术疗效进行了进一步探讨。     

梨状肌综合征误诊为慢性肢体缺血性疾病22例临床分析

目的 鉴别非典型梨状肌综合征与肢体缺血性疾病,提高诊断和治愈率。方法 对１９８５￣１９９８年收治的非典型梨状肌综合征误诊为肢体缺血病人２２例进行临床分析,寻求鉴别要点。结果 ２２例中具有典型梨状肌综合征症状和体征仅６例（２７％）,非典型１６例（７３％）,人武部病例均有含糊不清的臀腿痛,Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ和阻抗血流检查有１８例（８２％）显示肢体供血不全。其中２例（９％）严重坐骨神经痛继发为血管器质     

小儿肾小球疾病血清微量元素测定与分析

采用原子吸收分光光度法,测定了７８ 例肾小球疾病患儿血清铜、锌、铁、镁４ 种元素。结果显示,单纯性肾病组、肾炎性肾病组、紫癜性肾病组及肾炎组血清锌均显著低于正常组（ Ｐ＜ ００５）,血清铁、镁与正常组比较无显著差异。单纯性肾病组,肾炎性肾病组血清铜显著低于正常组（ Ｐ＜ ００５）。提示血清铜、锌、铁、镁含量的变化与疾病发生和疾病状态有关。     

碱离子水饮用后血小板聚集率的的变化(附30例报告)

目的:报告30例饮用豪斯牌碱离子水前、后血小板聚集率的变化。方法:饮用碱离子水前、后(2～3月,>3～6月)作比浊法血小板聚集试验,以1分钟、5分钟及5分钟内最大聚集率(Max％)为指标,同时检测部分血粘度指标及凝血因子,并用自动生化仪检测血糖、血脂、主要电解质及部分肝、肾功能。结果:饮碱离子水后,血小板聚集率明显下降,而以疾病组(Max>80％)下降尤为明显,P均<0.001。饮碱离子水后血小板聚集率的下降,部分可能与损伤的血管内皮得到修复有关。主要电解质及部分肝、肾功能无明显异常改变。结论:由于心、脑血管血栓性疾病患者血小板聚集率多明显升高,饮碱离子水后血小板聚集率明显下降,且长期饮用对主要电解质及部分肝、肾功能无明显异常改变,作者认为碱离子水使用方例、安全、有效、价廉,因而对心、脑血管血栓性疾病防治方面可能是一种积极的辅助方法,值得临床进一步探索。     

伴有相关疾病的先天性上斜肌麻痹及手术治疗

目的：探讨伴有相关疾病的先天性上斜肌麻痹的诊断与治疗方法,以获得满意的手术效果。方法：查清相关病的病因,排除其对眼部的影响;结合上斜肌检查,确定眼科手术方式和手术量,保证安全地实施手术。结果：使１４例伴有相关疾病的先天性上斜肌麻痹的患者安全地实施了手术,不正常的眼位和头位得到了满意矫正。结论：伴有相关疾病的先天性上斜肌麻痹是较难诊治的眼病;只要设法排除相关疾病对眼部体征的影响,选择适当的手术方式和手术量,就能获得满意的手术效果     

High Bilirubin Levels Interfere with Serum Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase Determination: Relevance as a Marker of Bone Resorption in Jaundiced Patients

Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP) activity is considered to be a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Recently, a lack of specificity of collagen-related markers for assessing bone turnover has been observed in patients with chronic liver disease. Thus, it could be of great interest to determine serum TRAcP activity in such patients. However, nonspecificity of the analytical reaction could occur when hemolyzed, lipemic, or icteric specimens are analyzed. Therefore, we have studied the interference caused by bilirubin in the measurement of serum TRAcP activity using the Hillmann method. The interference was assessed in two pools of serum containing different bilirubin concentrations but with similar total AcP levels. Mixing proportional parts of the two pools, 10 samples were also obtained. Serum activities of total AcP and TRAcP, and the concentration of bilirubin were measured in the 10 samples. Both the actual and the expected values obtained by theoretical calculations were compared. Serum bilirubin values of 2.4 mg/dl showed a negative interference of 15% in the determination of serum TRAcP activity, whereas values of bilirubin higher than 10 mg/dl interfered totally with the measurement of serum TRAcP. Bilirubin did not interfere with the total AcP determination. This study clearly shows the interference of bilirubin in the determination of serum TRAcP. This finding should be considered when bone metabolism disorders are evaluated in jaundiced patients. Received: 6 April 1998 / Accepted: 1 October 1998     

联合内分泌治疗对前列腺和睾丸的影响

目的 探讨抑那通和缓退瘤联合治疗对正常前列腺,增生的前列腺（ＢＰＨ）和前列腺癌以及睾丸的作用。方法 对１６例接受联合内分泌治疗至少３个月且有治疗前后病理资料的前列腺癌患者的标本进行了系统的病理学检查。对内分泌治疗后的睾丸标本与同龄未接受治疗的进行对照研究。结果 １４例内分泌治疗后的前列腺标本２例未见残存癌灶,９例对治疗有明显的反应;３例对治疗反应差,治疗并未降低前列腺癌的病理分期。３例内分泌治疗后