Trends of incidence and mortality rates of stroke from 1983 to 2000 in Hanzhong rural population

Objective: To explore the trends of incidence and mortality rates of stroke in Hanzhong rural population. Methods: Acting as the WHO MONICA project. Results: The incidence rate of stroke was 152. 9/100 000. There was decline trend in male(P <0. 05). The mortality rate of stroke was 115.9/100 000. There was no significant decline trend during 18-year period (P < 0. 05). The incidence and mortality rates of stroke of male were higher than those of female(P<0. 05). The incidence and mortality rates were all increased with age(P <0. 01 ). Conclusion: It must stick to the long- term prevention measures to decrease incidence rate, and improve the condition of medical treatment to reduce the mortality rate in rural population.     

郑州市十万人皮肤病调查中银屑病132例分析

本文对十万人皮肤病调查中银屑病132例进行分析,患病率为0.13％,在所见125种皮肤病中居第七位,男女之比为1.64∶1,患病较多的年龄组为16～40,女为11～35岁。女性发病年龄高峰较男性为早,初发部位和现在皮疹分布部位均以头、肘、小腿以头部为最多,其发病诱因不明,但遗传,感染和受潮湿是比较突出的可能诱因,而饮酒,吃刺激性食物则是加重症状的因素,对银屑病病情轻重患者分别提出用药的建议。     

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROSTATE CANCER IN GUNMA PREFECTURE, JAPAN

Background Prostate cancer is rare in Asia, but the number of patients is increasing in Japan. We conducted an epidemiological study of prostate cancer in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, to investigate the trends and characteristics of the disease.
Methods: The subjects were 1.411 prostate cancer patients newly diagnosed between 1985 and and 656 patients who died from prostate cancer between 1981 and 1992. The incidence and mortality rates were calculated by year, demographic region and age.
Results: The yearly incidence rate showed an increase but the mortality rate showed no marked fluctuations. There was no significant difference between urban and ruraI districts in either incidence or mortality rate. The incidence rate tended to be high in the northern part of the prefecture, but no marked variation in mortality rate was seen. The incidence and mortality rates in districts with a history of manganese mining were high compared to those in districts without mining. In contrast, the incidence and mortality rates in districts with a history of zinc mining were comparatively lower. Both incidence and mortality rates showed a marked increase with age. The age-specific incidence showed a double logarithmic relationship to age.
Conclusions: The increase of the yearly incidence rate might be due to changes in lifestyle and environmental factors, improved diagnostic techniques, and increased awareness among the general public regarding prostate disease. Further investigation is needed to clarify the pattern and the causes of regional differences in the incidence and mortality rates. The possibilities that manganese and zinc might be related to prostatic carcinogenesis are suggested. Int J Urol 1995:2:191–197     

重症监护病房重症脓毒症患者远期负性情绪发生率及相关因素分析

目的 探讨重症监护病房（ICU）重症脓毒症患者远期负性情绪发生率及相关因素。方法 选取2019年1月—2020年12月南阳市第一人民医院入住ICU的99例重症脓毒症患者作为研究对象,均随访2年。将并发焦虑抑郁的患者作为负性情绪组,未并发焦虑抑郁的患者作为非负性情绪组,分别有30和69例。分析两组患者年龄、性别、种族、体重、入院临床特征（住院时长、ICU时长及血清乳酸、降钙素、C反应蛋白水平）、入院诊断疾病（心血管系统、呼吸系统、传染病、其他）、疾病严重程度[急性生理学和慢性健康评估Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）评分、脓毒症相关器官衰竭评估（SOFA）评分、感染性休克]、器官支持情况[机械通气、连续性肾脏替代疗法（CRRTn）]、入住ICU前72 h是否使用皮质类固醇及在ICU住院期间咪达唑仑、芬太尼、多巴酚丁胺、去甲肾上腺素和氟哌啶醇的累积剂量等基线特征。结果 两组患者性别构成、年龄、种族、体重、心血管系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、传染病、其他疾病、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、机械通气、CRRTn、入住ICU前72 h使用皮质类固醇、咪达唑仑、多巴酚丁胺、去甲肾上腺素的累积剂量比较,差异均无统计...     

Incidence of cancer in children born after in-vitro fertilization

Evaluation of the long-term health of children born using in-vitro fertilization (IVF) provides important information to clinicians and consumers. Until very recently, there have been no published data on the incidence of cancer in children conceived as a result of IVF, despite a number of case reports of neuroblastoma in children conceived using fertility drugs. This study used a record-linkage cohort design to investigate the incidence of cancer in children born after IVF. The study included all conceptions using assisted reproductive technologies between 1979 and 1995 at two clinics in Victoria, Australia that resulted in a live birth. Data on births were linked with a population-based cancer registry to determine the number of cases of cancer that occurred. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated by comparing the observed number of cases to the expected number of cases. The final cohort included 5249 births. The median length of follow-up was 3 years, 9 months (range 0-15 years). In all, 4.33 cases of cancer were expected and six were observed, giving a SIR of 1.39 (95% CI 0.62-3.09). This study found that children conceived using IVF and related procedures did not have a significantly increased incidence of cancer in comparison to the general population.     

Seroprevalence and incidence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the Legnano area of Italy.

The decreasing prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in Europe has re-opened the question of the appropriateness of serological screening during pregnancy. A study of 3426 pregnant women, resident in the Legnano area of Italy, revealed that the IgG seroprevalence according to ELISA was 21.5%, and that of IgM according to ELISA and enzyme-linked fluorescent assay was 1.2% and 0.9%, respectively. The incidence of infection, estimated on the basis of IgG avidity, was 0.9%. These results confirm a decrease in the prevalence of IgG, but indicate a high incidence of infection, thus suggesting that screening for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies during pregnancy should be maintained.     

Zika virus diagnosis: challenges and solutions

Background

Since its sudden appearance and link to microcephaly in 2015, the number of PubMed references for Zika virus (ZIKV) has risen from 181 to 5163, at time of writing, with a vast proportion focused on the consequences of ZIKV infection during pregnancy. This level of attention underlies increased demand for sensitive and specific diagnostic tools able to assess risk to an unborn child, as well as to understand the dynamics and consequences of viral persistence.

Some epidemiological aspects of pyloric stenosis in British Columbia

The records of an ongoing Health Surveillance Registry that utilizes multiple sources of ascertainment were used to study the incidence rate of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) in liveborn children in British Columbia during the period 1966–1977 inclusive. The incidence was 4.6 males/1,000 livebirths and 1.2 females/1,000 livebirths, giving a male to female ratio of 3.1 to 1. No significant overall incidence variations with time could be shown during the study period. There was suggestive evidence of independent sex-incidence variation in different geographical regions, which clearly warrants further investigation.     

Early dissemination of Borrelia burgdorferi without generalized symptoms in patients with erythema migrans

The diagnosis of erythema migrans (EM) is not always easy, and reports of culture- or PCR-confirmed diagnosis as well as reports of EM with simultaneous disseminated disease are few. Characteristics and incidence of EM in addition to frequency of early dissemination of B. burgdorferi were studied in the archipelago of South-Western Finland prospectively using questionnaires, skin biopsies and blood samples. Clinical EM was recognized in 82 patients (incidence 148/100,000 inhabitants/year). Of skin biopsy samples, 35.5% were positive by PCR (the majority B. garinii), and 21.5% by cultivation (all B. garinii). Of blood samples, 3.8% were positive by PCR, and 7.7% by cultivation. Of the patients, 30.9% were seropositive at the first visit, and 52.9% 3 weeks later. Of the patients with laboratory confirmed diagnosis, the EM lesion was ring-like in 31.8% and homogeneous in 65.9%. Dissemination of B. burgdorferi, based on culture or PCR positivity of blood samples, was detected in 11.0% of the patients. The frequency of generalized symptoms was nearly the same in patients with as in those without dissemination (22.2% vs 27.4%). Only 21.4% of the patients with culture-positive EM recalled a previous tick bite at the site of the EM lesion. We conclude that EM lesions are more often homogeneous than ring-like. B. burgdorferi may disseminate early without generalized symptoms.     

Incidence and case-fatality rates resulting from the 1998 enterovirus 71 outbreak in Taiwan

In 1998, an epidemic of hand-foot-and-mouth disease and herpangina caused by enterovirus 71 occurred in Taiwan, leaving many fatalities and severely handicapped survivors in its wake. The reasons this rather common pathogen would cause such a large-scale epidemic remain unknown. A seroepidemiological survey to elucidate the epidemiological characteristics of this outbreak, including its incidence and case-fatality rates was undertaken. Microneutralization tests for antibodies against enterovirus 71 were used to screen four collections of serum samples: 1) 202 specimens taken from individuals > or = 4 years old in 1994; 2) 245 specimens collected from individuals of all ages in 1997; 3) 1,258 specimens collected from individuals of all ages in 1999; and 4) sera samples from a birth cohort of 81 children who had yearly blood samples taken from 1988-98. After the maternal antibody had declined, the seropositive rates began to increase with age. Approximately half of all children aged 6 years or older were enterovirus 71 seropositive. Significantly higher seropositive rates were noted in 1999 than in 1997, in children aged 0.5-3 years. The incidence of enterovirus 71 infection during the epidemic was estimated to be 13-22%, with the higher rates in younger children. The case-fatality rate was highest (96.96 per 100,000) in infants aged 6-11 months, and declined in older children. The results showed that enterovirus 71 is endemic in Taiwan. The apparent lack of large-scale enterovirus 71 activity in the 3 years before 1998 might have been the prelude to the epidemic's appearance in 1998, and might suggest that enterovirus 71 infection will reappear every few years. The lack of a protective antibody in younger children may account for the high incidence and case-fatality rate in this age group.