Examining Potential Substance Use Disorders Among Former Interscholastic Athletes

Background: Despite numerous studies examining the association between competitive sports participation and substance use behaviors among adolescents and young adults, the use of standardized measures to assess potential substance use disorders has been largely neglected. The objective of this study was to examine if past involvement in interscholastic sports (competitive school-sponsored sports) was associated with potential substance use disorders in young adulthood. Methods: Data for this study were taken from the Student Life Survey (SLS). A total of 3442 young adults participated in the SLS during the spring semester in 2013, with 74% of males and 71% of females indicating participation in interscholastic sport during high school. Results: Respondents who participated in interscholastic sports during high school had higher odds of positive screens for potential alcohol use disorders when compared with their peers who did not participate in interscholastic sports. No association was detected between interscholastic sports participation and potential drug abuse disorders. Moreover, previous involvement in certain types of sports was found to be associated with positive screens for potential alcohol use disorders (i.e., crew and football) and positive screens for potential drug abuse disorders (i.e., lacrosse) among the sample of young adults. Conclusions: School and community sport organizations should be aware of the potential link between sports participation and potential substance use disorders, and may consider brief substance use screeners during yearly physicals to monitor potential substance use problems among athletes.     

Psychiatric Morbidity in Ketamine Users Attending Counselling and Youth Outreach Services

Background: No study has examined ketamine users’ psychiatric morbidity using structured diagnostic instruments. The aim of this study was thus to determine the psychiatric comorbidity of community-based ketamine users using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition), Axis I Disorders (SCID). Methods: A convenience sample of 200 frequent ketamine users was recruited from community organizations in Hong Kong. Participants were screened with the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADSA), and SCID psychotic symptoms. Those who scored above the threshold (cutoff point of 8/9 on the BDI and 4/5 on HADSA) or displayed evidence of psychotic symptoms were referred for a structured clinical interview conducted by a psychiatrist. Results: One hundred and seventy participants scored above the cutoff point on 1 or more of the scales, and 115 participants attended the SCID interview. Fifty-one of these 115 participants received a psychiatric diagnosis of 1 or more comorbidities for the month preceding the interview. Mood disorders accounted for 80.4% of the diagnoses, anxiety disorders for 33.3%, and psychotic disorders for 7.8%. Conclusions: Female gender and history of psychiatric/psychological clinic attendance were significantly associated with comorbid psychiatric disorders, whereas ketamine dependence had a borderline association.     

Punishing parents: Child removal in the context of drug use

New amendments to child welfare policy in New South Wales turn a spotlight on parents who use drugs and raise concerns about adequate provision of services for families facing issues with alcohol and other drug use. Sections of the new legislation are explicitly focused on parents who use illicit drugs, expanding the reach of child protection services over expectant parents during pregnancy. This targeting of women who are ‘addicted’ highlights the ambiguous scientific and moral attention to drug use in pregnancy. It also raises practical questions about the potential for the legislation to increase stigma towards drug use and disproportionately affect vulnerable and disadvantaged families. [Olsen A. Punishing parents: Child removal in the context of drug use. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015;34:27–30]     

2012年梧州市人民医院176例药品不良反应报告回顾性分析

目的:了解我院药品不良反应(ADR)发生情况及特点,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法:对2013年收集并上报的176例药品不良反应报告进行回顾性分析。结果:176例ADR中,40~60岁患者较多,占总例数的41.48%(73例);给药方式以静脉给药引发的ADR最多,占总例数的82.25%(143例);药物类别以抗感染药物引起的ADR最多,占总例数的37.50%(66例);临床表现以皮肤及附件损伤最常见,占总例数的28.98%(51例)。结论:应进一步重视和加强ADR监测工作,减少静脉用药,避免或减少ADR重复发生,促进临床合理用药。     

2011—2013年监利县第二人民医院麻醉药品使用情况分析

目的:了解监利县第二人民医院(以下简称"我院")麻醉药品的使用情况及合理性,为加强麻醉药品的合理应用和科学管理提供参考。方法:采用回顾性调查方法,对2011—2013年我院麻醉药品的使用情况进行统计分析。结果:3年来,我院麻醉药品销售总金额逐年递增,销售金额排序居前列的是枸橼酸舒芬太尼注射液和注射用盐酸瑞芬太尼,盐酸哌替啶注射液的使用呈明显下降趋势;用药频度排序居前列的是盐酸哌替啶注射液、磷酸可待因片和枸橼酸芬太尼注射液;限定日费用最高的是注射用盐酸瑞芬太尼。结论:临床各科室对麻醉药品的使用比较合理,但应严格按照世界卫生组织推荐的《癌症患者三阶梯止痛治疗原则》,在恶性肿瘤患者疼痛的治疗中合理使用麻醉药品。     

干预前、后骨科Ⅰ类切口手术围术期预防性应用抗菌药物分析

目的:探讨骨科Ⅰ类切口手术围术期预防性应用抗菌药物的管理效果及临床药师在管理中的积极作用。方法:临床药师参与骨科Ⅰ类切口手术围术期预防性应用抗菌药物的管理工作。分别调取干预前、第1阶段干预后、第2阶段干预后骨科Ⅰ类切口手术患者的病历资料,对用药进行合理性评价,并对抗菌药物的预防性应用情况进行对比分析。结果:与干预前比较,第2阶段干预后骨科Ⅰ类切口手术围术期抗菌药物预防性使用率由98.56%下降至28.95%,降幅达70.63%;第2阶段干预后抗菌药物使用强度由96.31 DDDs/(100人·d)降至32.18 DDDs/(100人·d),降幅达66.59%;抗菌药物的品种选择、给药时间、用药疗程等均趋于合理。结论:临床药师参与Ⅰ类切口手术围术期预防性应用抗菌药物的管理工作,可有效规范抗菌药物的临床应用,提高用药合理性。     

2011—2013年中山市人民医院口服降糖药应用分析

目的:了解中山市人民医院(以下简称"我院")口服降糖药的应用情况,为临床口服降糖药的合理应用提供参考。方法:采用世界卫生组织推荐的限定日剂量法,对2011—2013年我院口服降糖药的应用情况进行回顾性分析。结果:2011—2013年我院口服降糖药的销售金额呈逐年递增趋势(从2011年的519万元增至2013年的1 126万元),其占药品销售总金额的比例也逐年上升(从2011年的0.90%上升至2013年的1.46%)。各类口服降糖药的销售金额、用药频度均逐年增加,磺酰脲类促胰岛素分泌剂为临床常用品种,其DDDs排序稳居首位。二甲双胍片的用药频度排序逐年上升;阿卡波糖片在2012—2013年连续2年销售金额排序居第1位;新引进的西格列汀片销售金额和用药频度的同步性较好。结论:2011—2013年我院口服降糖药中,α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂和磺酰脲类促胰岛素分泌剂占主导地位,我院口服降糖药的应用基本合理。