超声鉴别诊断子宫肌瘤和子宫腺肌瘤研究进展

子宫肌瘤和子宫腺肌瘤均为女性常见的良性疾病,对二者正确的鉴别诊断对治疗方案的建立以及手术方式的选择具有重要意义。本文就各种超声检查技术在子宫肌瘤和子宫腺肌瘤的鉴别诊断中的研究进展进行综述。     

The diagnostic value of sonoelastographic strain ratio in discriminating malignant from benign solid breast masses

Objective

To detect the diagnostic efficiency of sono elastographic strain ratio in discriminating malignant from benign solid breast masses and compare it with the sono elastographic elasticity score method.

Staging of Hepatic Fibrosis: Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Elastography and Shear Wave Elastography in the Same Individuals

Objective

To cross-validate liver stiffness (LS) measured on shear wave elastography (SWE) and on magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in the same individuals.

Materials and Methods

We included 94 liver transplantation (LT) recipients and 114 liver donors who underwent either MRE or SWE before surgery or biopsy. We determined the technical success rates and the incidence of unreliable LS measurements (LSM) of SWE and MRE. Among the 69 patients who underwent both MRE and SWE, the median and coefficient of variation (CV) of the LSM from each examination were compared and correlated. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve in both examinations were calculated in order to exclude the presence of hepatic fibrosis (HF).

Results

The technical success rates of MRE and SWE were 96.4% and 92.2%, respectively (p = 0.17), and all of the technical failures occurred in LT recipients. SWE showed 13.1% unreliable LSM, whereas MRE showed no such case (p < 0.05). There was moderate correlation in the LSM in both examinations (r = 0.67). SWE showed a significantly larger median LSM and CV than MRE. Both examinations showed similar diagnostic performance for excluding HF (Az; 0.989, 1.000, respectively).

Conclusion

MRE and SWE show moderate correlation in their LSMs, although SWE shows higher incidence of unreliable LSMs in cirrhotic liver.     

Shear Wave Elastography of Peripheral Muscle Weakness in Patients with Chronic Congestive Heart Failure

Forty-five study participants (28 chronic heart failure [CHF] patients and 17 control participants) were prospectively enrolled in this study to investigate the clinical potential of ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) in identifying peripheral muscle weaknesses in chronic heart failure patients. Muscle stiffness in the gastrocnemius muscle during extension (stretch) and the lower arm flexor muscles during flexion was assessed via shear wave elastography, measuring the shear modulus (kPa) for the resting and contractile states in a range of 0–300 kPa. Resting kPa revealed no significant difference between CHF and CP, but exercise kPa for extension and flexion was significantly lower in CHF than CP. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the denominator kPa-Exercise stretch was 0.916, associated with a sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 71% and a corresponding cutoff value of 81.1 kPa. Shear wave elastography is thus a reproducible and sensitive ultrasound method for evaluating peripheral muscle deficits in patients with CHF.     

超声弹性成像在乳腺疾病诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨超声弹性成像在诊断乳腺疾病中的临床应用价值。方法分析近年来本院收治60例乳腺患者的超声弹性成像检查资料,利用弹性成像5分评分法,对弹性成像诊断结果与手术病理对照进行分析。结果病理结果：良性43例（55个结节）,恶性17例（20个结节）。超声弹性成像的诊断恶性病变敏感性为85．0％,特异性为89．1％,准确性为88．0％。结论超声弹性成像对鉴别乳腺肿瘤的良、恶性有其独到的优势,可提高对乳腺恶性肿瘤的诊断,值得临床推广应用。     

正常人甲状腺超声弹性成像研究

目的探讨正常人甲状腺双侧叶腺体的超声弹性硬度、甲状腺与同侧胸锁乳突肌弹性硬度的比值及年龄、性别对甲状腺弹性硬度有无影响。方法对50例正常人分别进行甲状腺横断面、纵断面超声弹性扫查,分析比较双侧叶甲状腺腺体纵横断面时弹性硬度及甲状腺与同侧胸锁乳突肌弹性硬度比值,比较不同年龄段、不同性别时甲状腺组织的弹性硬度。结果正常人甲状腺左右侧叶横断面弹性硬度、纵断面弹性硬度比较,差异无统计学意义（尸〉0．05）;在正常人群中,不同年龄、性别组甲状腺腺体超声弹性硬度差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。结论甲状腺双侧叶腺体弹性指数及其与同侧肌肉弹性指数的比值较为稳定,年龄、性别对甲状腺腺体硬度无影响。     

Transthoracic Ultrasound Elastography in Pulmonary Lesions and Diseases

Ultrasound elastography has shown promising result in the diagnosis of various diseases; however, its application for pulmonary diseases has yet to be clarified. This study aimed to assess the application and feasibility of ultrasound elastography in various pulmonary lesions and diseases. We enrolled 45 patients with radiographic evidence of pneumonia, tumors or obstructive pneumonitis, and 70 ultrasonic lesions were identified (eight necrosis, 17 atelectasis, seven consolidation and 38 tumors). Ultrasound elastography was performed and the strain ratio, which is the ratio of strain of the reference tissue to an equally measuring region of interest of a lesion, was measured. The strain ratio was significantly different among lesions with different ultrasound morphologies (1.03 ± 0.71 [necrosis] vs. 2.51 ± 1.14 [atelectasis] vs. 19.98 ± 15.59 [consolidation] vs. 36.19 ± 20.18 [tumor]; p < 0.05). The strain ratio of primary lung cancer was also significantly different from pneumonia (p = 0.023) and metastatic lung cancer (p = 0.015). In conclusion, transthoracic ultrasound elastography can differentiate pulmonary lesions with different ultrasound morphologies. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02636985.     

Improvement in diagnosis of breast tumour using ultrasound elastography and echography: A phantom based analysis

Due to the isoechoic nature of lesions and their poor contrast with neighbouring tissue, a lesion may remain undetected in ultrasound B mode imaging for cancerous tissue. Imaging of the elastic properties of tissue provides new information which is collateral to tissue pathology. This study provides quantitative analysis of improvements in tumour diagnosis when the ultrasound B mode imaging is combined with elastography. Quantification was based on the textural parameters measured from the ultrasound B mode image and strain measured from the elastogram. The ability of a parameter to discriminate between diseased cases and normal cases was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Polyacrylamide gel based tissue mimicking phantoms with embedded inclusions of varying stiffness were used for the analysis.     

Improving B mode ultrasound evaluation of breast lesions with real-time ultrasound elastography--a clinical approach

Ultrasound elastography using the extended combined auto-correlation method of tissue elasticity allows for real-time strain image visualisation using a free-hand probe with concurrent conventional B mode imaging. Four hundred and fifteen consecutive women with 550 breast lesions confirmed on B mode ultrasound were assessed with elastography using the elasticity score. There were 119 malignant and 431 benign lesions. The elastography sensitivity was 78.0%, specificity was 98.5% and overall accuracy was 93.8%. The median score for malignancy was 5 and that for benign lesions was 2. There was good correlation with B mode BIRADS category. 98.6% of lesions with an elasticity score of 2 or below (95%CI=96.8-99.4) were benign. BIRADS 3 lesions with an elasticity score of 2 or below may be re-classified as BIRADS 2 lesions. We found that 15.3% of BIRADS 2 and 3 lesions with an elasticity score of 3 were malignant. Real-time ultrasound elastography is user-friendly with a high accuracy rate, thereby improving B mode ultrasound assessment.