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101.
Glasier A 《Contraception》2002,65(1):29-37
Progestogen-only contraceptive implants are highly effective. In most studies, 5-year cumulative pregnancy rates are less than 1.5/100 women for Norplant and Norplant II. No study has yet reported any failures with Implanon. Weight over 70 kg and age at insertion under 25 years both increase the failure rate of Norplant and Norplant II; however, data are as yet lacking for Implanon. The effectiveness of other progestogen-only implants for which there are as yet few data are unlikely to be any different. Continuation rates are high compared with other hormonal methods and with the intrauterine device. In most cohorts at least 35% of women, and often many more, are still using Norplant by the end of 5 years. Rates vary according to a number of factors, including population studied, age, and parity. Menstrual disturbance is by far the most common reason for discontinuation, with headache, acne, weight gain, and desire for pregnancy accounting for other common reasons for implant removal. Fertility returns rapidly following implant removal, and pregnancy rates (76-100% 1 year after removal) are usually no different from those following discontinuation of any other contraceptive method. There is no increase in the risk of ectopic pregnancy, fetal malformation, or impaired infant health in pregnancies conceived either during implant use or after removal. 相似文献
102.
103.
专用固定钳在皮下埋植剂取出术中的临床应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:探讨皮下埋植剂硅胶棒专用固定钳的临床应用效果。方法:采用随机分组方法,将受术妇女分为研究组86例,应用皮下埋植剂硅胶棒专用固定钳;对照组88例,应用小弯纹式血管钳。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、皮下埋植剂硅胶棒的断裂率和术后疼痛程度。结果:研究组的手术时间、术中出血量、硅胶棒断裂率均较对照组少(P<0.05),且术后疼痛程度也较对照组轻(P<0.05)。结论:临床上应用皮下埋植剂硅胶棒专用固定钳,与小弯纹式血管钳相比,具有安全、简便、省时、出血量少、断裂率低、疼痛轻及组织损伤小等优点,值得临床推广使用。 相似文献
104.
105.
目的:观察自制闭合式取器钩的临床应用效果。方法:采用随机分组方法,将取器者分为研究组161例,应用自制闭合式取器钩;对照组163例,应用传统取器钩。比较两组术时疼痛程度、术时出血量和取器时间。结果:研究组术时疼痛程度较对照组轻(P<0.01);术时出血量较对照组少(P<0.05);手术时间和对照组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:临床上应用闭合式取器钩钩取宫内节育器,与传统取器钩相比,具有疼痛轻和出血量少等优点,具有临床应用价值,值得推广使用。 相似文献
106.
107.
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer screening has been conducted in Japan mainly by physical examination, the standard method for breast cancer screening according to the Law of Health Services for the Elderly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mass screening for breast cancer in Japan. METHODS: We calculated the average coverage-rates for breast cancer screening per year from 1986 to 1995 for women aged 30-69 years for all of the 3255 municipalities in Japan, selecting "high coverage-rate" municipalities with average coverage-rates of 20%, 30%, 40% or more. Two municipalities were selected as "controls" for each high coverage-rate municipality, and were matched for population, National Health Insurance rate, and the age-adjusted death rate from cancer of the female breast in the period 1986-90. We compared the change in the age-adjusted death rate from 1986-90 to 1991-95 of the high coverage-rate municipalities and the comparable controls. RESULTS: The percent reduction in the age-adjusted death rate from cancer of the breast in the high coverage-rate municipalities was statistically significantly greater than those in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that mass screening for female breast cancer, mainly by physical examination, contributed to the reduction of mortality from breast cancer. 相似文献
108.
Concepción Míguez Navarro Niki Oikonomopoulou Arístides Rivas García Andrea Mora Capín Gloria Guerrero Márquez 《Anales de pediatría (Barcelona, Spain : 2003)》2019,90(1):32-41
Objectives
To offer analgesia and sedation should be a priority in paediatric emergency departments. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of the sedation-analgesia procedure, as well as the satisfaction of the doctors, patients and parents.Methods
A multicentre, observational, and prospective analytical study was conducted on the sedation-analgesia procedure performed on children younger than 18 years old in 18 paediatric emergency departments in Spain from February 2015 until January 2016.Results
A total of 658 procedures were recorded. The effectiveness was good in 483 cases (76.1%; 95% CI: 72.7-79.4%), partial in 138 (21.7%; 95% CI: 18.5-24.9%), and poor in 14 (2.2%; 95% CI: 1.1-3.4). The effectiveness was better when the doctor in charge was an emergency paediatrician (OR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.10-8.95), and when a deeper level of sedation was achieved (OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.68-3.35). Fifty two children (8.4%) developed adverse drug reactions, more usually gastrointestinal, neurological or respiratory ones (89.9% were resolved in < 2 h). One patient was intubated. The older child and a deeper level of sedation were found to be independent risk factors for adverse reactions (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.09-1.28 and OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.22-2.83, respectively). Thirteen children (5%) developed late adverse drug reactions, more commonly, dizziness and nauseas. A combination of midazolam/ketamine had been used in all the cases (RR: 24.46; 95% CI: 11.78-50.76). The perceived satisfaction level (0-10) was obtained from 604 doctors (mean: 8.54; SD: 1.95), 526 parents (mean: 8.86; SD: 1.49), and 402 children (mean: 8.78; SD: 1.70).Conclusions
The sedation-analgesia procedure performed in paediatric emergency departments by trained paediatricians seems to be useful, effective and safe, as well as satisfactory for all participants. 相似文献109.
Norplant皮下埋植剂使用七年效果 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
对Norplant皮下埋植剂继续使用7年以上的效果作了多中心研究。3600余妇女使用满6年,2400余妇女使用满7年。第6、第7年的年妊娠率均为0.4/100妇女年。妊娠率随体重增加而增加(P<0.05),随年龄的增长而降低,第6、7年合并计算任何年龄组或体重组其年妊娠平均未超过1/100妇女年。 相似文献
110.
A Case-Control Study of the Effectiveness of Cervical Cancer Screening in Osaka, Japan 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Tomotaka Sobue Takaichiro Suzuki Sumiyo Hashimoto Nobuko Yokoi Isaburo Fujimoto 《Cancer science》1988,79(12):1269-1275
In the small town of Nose in Osaka, Japan, a population-based screening program for cervical cancer by Papanicolaou smear has been conducted since 1965. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of screening in terms of the reduction of the mortality and the incidence of invasive cervical cancer, two types of case-control studies were carried out. In the first study, the case series consisted of all women who died of cervical cancer under 80 years of age at the time of diagnosis in 1965-1987 (N = 15). For each case, 10 controls were chosen from living residents, matched by year of birth. It showed that the odds ratio (OR) of dying of cervical cancer for screened versus non-screened women was 0.22 (95%CI = 0.03-1.95). In the second study, the case series consisted of all women who were diagnosed as having invasive cancer under 80 years of age at the time of diagnosis in the same period (N = 28). For each case, 10 controls were chosen from living residents without invasive cancer, matched by year of birth and according to whether or not they were screened at the year of the diagnosis of the matched case. It showed that the OR of getting invasive cancer for screened versus non-screened women was 0,41 (95%CI = 0.13-1.29). From these results, it was estimated that 78% of cervical cancer mortality and 59% of invasive cervical cancer incidence among non-screened women could be prevented by cervical cancer screening. 相似文献