Acute peritoneal dialysis as both cause and treatment of hypernatremia in an infant

This report describes a 4-month-old infant with multisystem organ failure who developed severe hypernatremia (sodium 168 mEq/l) due to rapid free water removal associated with acute peritoneal dialysis instituted for fluid overload. The current report describes the pathophysiology of the hypernatremia, and its correction by low-sodium hypertonic peritoneal dialysis without compromising ultrafiltration or supplementing with free water. Although peritoneal dialysis can cause hypernatremia, a modified solute concentration in the dialysate can treat the hypernatremia successfully. Received: 2 January 2001 / Revised: 24 April 2001 / Accepted: 24 April 2001     

柏硝祛毒洗剂熏洗在肛裂术后应用的疗效观察

目的:观察柏硝祛毒洗剂对肛裂术后疼痛、水肿、出血、伤口愈合指标的影响,证实其临床疗效。方法:选择120例肛裂术后患者随机分为治疗组60例(应用柏硝祛毒洗剂)和对照组60例(应用1∶5000高锰酸钾溶液),2组均熏洗20 min/次,2次/d,疗程为9 d,分别对2组术后3、6、9 d的疼痛、水肿、出血、伤口愈合指标进行观察和检测。结果:治疗组的总有效率93.33%,优于对照组的总有效率76.67%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);组内比较,2组术后第3、6、9日疼痛、水肿、出血、伤口愈合积分均较治疗前明显降低,(P0.05或P0.01);组间比较,术后第3、6、9 d治疗组积分均明显低于对照组,治疗组疗效优于对照组,差异显著(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:柏硝祛毒洗剂用于肛裂术后,可明显减轻疼痛、水肿、出血症状,促进伤口愈合。     

益心汤对慢性心功能不全患者心功能影响的临床研究

[目的]观察益心汤对慢性心功能不全(CCI)患者心功能的影响。[方法]选择CCI患者60例,随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例,对照组采用常规西医治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用益心汤(黄芪、党参、白术、茯苓、泽泻、泽兰、郁金、葶苈子、当归、枳壳、栝楼、桂枝、炙甘草等组成)治疗,每组疗程2个月。根据纽约心脏协会(NYHA)心功能分级法评价两组患者治疗前后的临床心功能分级情况和临床症状评分的改善情况。[结果]治疗后,两组患者的心功能分级均有明显改善,但治疗组的心功能改善情况、中医症候疗效均优于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]益心汤能有效改善CCI患者的心功能。     

Parapharangeal edema: an uncommon complication of TMJ arthroscopy

Ohnishi in 1975 first described temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroscopy. Along with its extensive use, a range of complications has emerged. We describe a patient who experienced parapharyngeal swelling after undergoing arthroscopy. Prolonged intubation up to 1 hour postoperatively was required. The swelling resolved completely over 6 h without further intervention.     

Altered aquaporins in the brains of mice submitted to intermittent hypoxia model of sleep apnea

Rostral fluid displacement has been proposed as a pathophysiologic mechanism of both central and obstructive sleep apnea. Aquaporins are membrane proteins that regulate water transport across the cell membrane and are involved in brain edema formation and resolution. The present study investigated the effect of intermittent hypoxia (IH), a model of sleep apnea, on brain aquaporins.     

The Effect of Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest on Hepatic Histology in Newborn Animals: An Experimental Study

Still little is known about the effect of cardiac surgery on neonatal hepatic tissue. We examined the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the effect of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) on neonatal hepatic tissue. Liver biopsies of neonatal piglets were taken after CPB (n = 4), after DHCA (n = 5), and after surgery without CPB (non‐CPB; n = 3). Additionally, findings were compared to those of control piglets (n = 9). The liver specimens were fixed, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and scored regarding inflammatory reaction, hepatocellular edema, and apoptosis. Inflammation score of treated groups was higher than in control; CPB 2.5 ± 0.5, DHCA 1.6 ± 0.4, non‐CPB 1.2 ± 0.6, control 0.4 ± 0.3 (P < 0.001 CPB and DHCA vs. control; P < 0.05 non‐CPB vs. control). Hepatic cell edema was more evident after DHCA (score 2.0 ± 0.4 vs. 0.2 ± 0.3 in control and 0.6 ± 0.5 after CPB; P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). The highest apoptotic cell count was in the non‐CPB group (22.3 ± 6.3 vs. 11.4 ± 3.6 in control and 8.9 ± 5.4 after CPB; P < 0.05). The present study showed that (i) surgical trauma induces hepatic cell apoptosis; (ii) CPB increases hepatic inflammatory reaction; and (iii) DHCA amplifies hepatic cell edema.     

PNU282987对烧伤休克犬复苏时脂质过氧化损伤和组织含水率的影响

目的：研究α7烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（α7nAChR）激动剂PNU282987对致死性烧伤休克犬脂质过氧化损伤和组织含水率的影响.方法：成年雄性Beagle犬12只,按完全随机数字表法分为烧伤补液组和烧伤PNU282987组,每组6只.采用凝固汽油燃烧法造成50%总体表面积Ⅲ度烧伤.于伤后0.5 h分别通过颈静脉补液,烧伤补液组给予林格液,烧伤PNU282987组给予等量含有PNU282987 （0.38 mg/kg）的林格液.补液量和速率均根据Parkland公式确定.于伤前和伤后2、4、8、12和24 h颈静脉取血,测定丙二醛（MDA）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性,并于伤后24 h处死动物,留取心、肝、脾、肺、肾和回肠组织,测定组织含水率.结果：两组犬伤后SOD水平显著降低;伤后4 h起烧伤PNU282987组SOD水平显著高于烧伤补液组（P＜0.05）,而单纯烧伤组SOD水平持续降低.两组犬伤后MDA水平均上升,伤后4h起烧伤PNU282987组血浆MDA水平均显著低于烧伤补液组（P＜0.05）.烧伤PNU282987组脏器含水率显著低于烧伤补液组[心：（68.6±1.1）% vs.（78.3±1.8）%;肝：（70.0±1.4）% vs.（ 79.8±0.7）%;脾：（67.2±1.2）% vs.（78.8±0.8）%;肺：（74.3±0.5）% vs.（ 80.2±1.6）%;肾：（71.2±0.8）% vs.（ 80.1±0.9）%;回肠：（68.9±1.1）% vs.（ 78.7±0.8）%],差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论：PNU282987能抑制烧伤休克犬复苏时引起的脏器氧自由基生成,减轻组织水肿,具有潜在临床应用价值.     

系统性毛细血管渗漏综合征的临床研究进展

系统性毛细血管渗漏综合征为一组反复发作的低容量性低血压、血液浓缩、非蛋白尿性低蛋白血症 ,全身水肿、多数情况下伴有异型球蛋白血症的临床综合征。其原因由于毛细血管通透性增加 ,目前具体发病机理尚不明确。近年发现特布他林和茶碱对预防发作有效。临床医生应对该病提高警惕性。