Children at birth,children growing up. Integration between healthcare and family educational care

This research is based on the assumption that in order to improve the quality of life of children with major health problems in the early stage of their life, especially in the case of disability, it is necessary to ensure the continuity and proper two-way integration of early childhood educational planning and health care, both provided by the adults involved, that is parents and professionals. Therefore, we tried to explore and piece together the complex set of family support experiences, both in the process of forming an attachment and affiliation to the newborn and in the construction of a common evolutionary history, aimed at the well-being of the entire family unit. We considered the context and actors of the first few days and months in the lives of children with a difficult life course, in a city of Northern Italy. By means of qualitative investigation, we carried out observations in the neonatal intensive care units of hospitals over a period of 10 months. Our observations continued in the local healthcare, social, and educational services, entrusted with providing care to children and support to parents after hospital discharge. We also carried out observations in nursery schools, in order to highlight early forms of individualised educational planning, drawn up by the educators together with the family.     

Enhancing the nursing discipline and developing nursing science in China

To improve our health care services, promote balanced development of inter-regional and inter-disciplinary medical care skills, and effectively implement public hospital reform, the former Ministry of Health, State Chinese Medicine Administration Bureau and the Ministry of Finance allocated state funds in 2010 to support a National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Project. The project supports the acquisition of key equipment, personnel training and development of clinical diagnosis technology in order to develop high-quality medical resources and improve clinical services. Because of the important role nursing plays, clinical nursing and specialty care were also included in the project. The Chinese Nursing Association was commissioned to oversee this project, which awarded 211 million RMB to nursing disciplines in 86 hospitals representing all regions of China. This funding has supported the rapid development of nursing disciplines, the results of which are outlined and described in this review.     

如何减少医院建设项目的超投资

医院建设项目超投资的原因是预算考虑不周,方案制定不细,从而在源头埋下隐患。如何把预算做得周密严谨,如何把握好建筑布局与运行管理和成本的关系,是检验医院管理者的一项艰巨细致的重要工作。可从学习经验、反复论证、把控风险等方面来着手。     

Better Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Could Mitigate the Adverse Consequences of Obesity on Cardiovascular Disease: The SUN Prospective Cohort

Strong observational evidence supports the association between obesity and cardiovascular events. In elderly high-risk subjects, the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was reported to counteract the adverse cardiovascular effects of adiposity. Whether this same attenuation is also present in younger subjects is not known. We prospectively examined the association between obesity and cardiovascular clinical events (myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death) after 10.9 years follow-up in 19,065 middle-aged men and women (average age 38 year) according to their adherence to the MedDiet (<6 points or ≥6 points in the Trichopoulou’s Mediterranean Diet Score). We observed 152 incident cases of cardiovascular disease (CVD). An increased risk of CVD across categories of body mass index (BMI) was apparent if adherence to the MedDiet was low, with multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs): 1.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.93–2.25) for ≥25 – <30 kg/m² of BMI and 2.00 (1.04–3.83) for ≥30 kg/m² of BMI, compared to a BMI < 25 kg/m². In contrast, these estimates were 0.77 (0.35–1.67) and 1.15 (0.39–3.43) with good adherence to MedDiet. Better adherence to the MedDiet was associated with reduced CVD events (p for trend = 0.029). Our results suggest that the MedDiet could mitigate the harmful cardiovascular effect of overweight/obesity.     

The Meth Project and Teen Meth Use: New Estimates from the National and State Youth Risk Behavior Surveys

In this note, we use data from the national and state Youth Risk Behavior Surveys for the period 1999 through 2011 to estimate the relationship between the Meth Project, an anti‐methamphetamine advertising campaign, and meth use among high school students. During this period, a total of eight states adopted anti‐meth advertising campaigns. After accounting for pre‐existing downward trends in meth use, we find little evidence that the campaign curbed meth use in the full sample. We do find, however, some evidence that the Meth Project may have decreased meth use among White high school students. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

上海交通大学医学院“211工程”三期重点学科建设探索

重点学科是“211工程”建设核心,重点学科项目的建设成效对“211工程”总体绩效具有重要影响.为了提升“211工程”重点学科建设水平,某医学院对第三期“211工程”重点学科建设项目的管理模式进行探索,通过对“211工程”三期重点学科建设和管理实践的分析,探讨新的管理模式给“211工程”重点学科建设所带来的变化,为完善和促进“211工程”重点学科建设提供有益启示和借鉴.     

新疆克拉玛依地区的利什曼原虫及其与皮肤利什曼病的关系

应用多学科的手段，包括形态度量，对宿主的致病性和病理，组织化学，单克隆抗体检测，ＤＮＡ杂交，酶电泳分析等，从细胞水平到分子水平的不同层次，对新疆克拉玛依地区大沙鼠体内的利什曼原虫进行了研究；首次证实了我国新疆境内的大沙鼠耳组织有都兰利什曼原虫的寄生。用生态学，寄生虫与昆虫宿主的相容性等方法，确定了都兰利什曼原虫的传播媒介为蒙古白蛉和安氏白蛉，并从硕大白蛉吴氏亚种体内查见婴儿利什原虫，本文初步讨论了     

Self-rated health among older adults: a cross-national comparison

Self-rated health (SRH) may have different implications in various social and cultural settings. However, few studies are available concerning SRH among older persons across countries. The aim of this study was to analyse whether there are cross-national differences in the association between status characteristics, several diseases common among older persons, activities of daily living (ADL), and SRH. The study base was the Comparison of Longitudinal European Studies on Aging (CLESA), which includes data from six population-based studies on aging conducted in Finland, Israel, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain and Sweden. The study population comprised 5,629 persons, with participants from all countries except Italy. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between status characteristics, health conditions, ADL and SRH. To examine whether the association among status characteristics, health conditions, ADL and outcome differed across the CLESA countries, interaction terms defined as variable*country were considered separately for each variable. Regression analyses revealed that sex, education, lifetime occupation, heart disease and respiratory disease were differently distributed across countries. Among homogeneous factors, marital status (OR=1.21), hypertension (OR=1.41), stroke (OR=1.67), diabetes (OR=2.15), cancer (OR=1.47), musculoskeletal diseases (OR=2.44), and ADL (OR=2.72) turned out to be significantly associated with fair or poor SRH. The results indicate that there are differences in self-ratings of health across countries. These differences cannot be explained entirely by status characteristics, self-reported diseases or functional ability. However, an important finding was that in all countries most of the indicators of medical and functional health were homogeneously associated with SRH.     

Using Reference Databases of Genetic Variation to Evaluate the Potential Pathogenicity of Candidate Disease Variants

The potential pathogenicity of genetic variants identified in disease‐based resequencing studies is often overlooked where variants have previously been reported in dbSNP, the 1000 genomes project, or the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Exome Sequencing Project (ESP). In this work, we estimate that collectively, these databases capture ～52% of mutations (dbSNP 50.4%; 1000 genomes 4.8%; and ESP 10.2%) reported as disease causing within phenotype‐based locus‐specific databases (LSDBs). To investigate whether these mutations may simply represent benign population variants, we evaluated whether the carrier frequencies associated with mutations implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were higher than what could be accounted for by high‐penetrance disease models. In doing so, we have questioned the veracity of 51 mutations, but also demonstrated that each of the three databases included credible disease variants. Our results demonstrate the benefits of using databases such as dbSNP, the 1000 genomes project, and the ESP to evaluate the pathogenicity of putative disease variants, and suggest that many disease mutations reported across LSDBs may not actually be pathogenic. However, they also demonstrate that even in the context of rare Mendelian disorders, the potential pathogenicity of variants reported by these databases should not be overlooked without proper evaluation.