富氧水耐缺氧和抗疲劳作用

目的研究富氧水对小鼠的耐缺氧和抗疲劳作用。方法采用灌胃法给予小鼠不同剂量的富氧水,分别测定小鼠的常压耐缺氧时间、急性脑缺血性缺氧存活时间、亚硝酸钠中毒存活时间、负重游泳时间及小鼠游泳后血清尿素氮、血乳酸、肝糖原的含量。结果富氧水低剂量组(2.4mg/kg)小鼠常压耐缺氧生存时间较对照组显著延长(P<0.05);肝糖原储备量增加(P<0.05);血乳酸上升速度减慢(P<0.05);血乳酸曲线下面积降低(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,富氧水低剂量组急性脑缺血性缺氧生存时间、亚硝酸钠中毒存活时间和负重游泳时间差异无统计学意义,但有延长的趋势;小鼠运动后血清尿素氮含量也有降低的趋势。结论富氧水具有一定耐缺氧和抗疲劳作用。     

黄浦区现制现售纯净水卫生学的现况调查

[目的]了解现制现售纯净水的卫生学状况,为今后对类似加盟连锁合作经营的现制现售纯净水制备场所进行预防性和经常性卫生监督确定关键控制点,进一步结合微生物学检查,为国家制定卫生标准提供参考依据.[方法]采用现况调查的方法,共调查本辖区内现制现售纯净水站24家和现制现售自动售水机26台,主要调查其生产条件、卫生设施、人员健康及个人卫生,并对现制现售纯净水、桶装水及有关可能影响卫生质量的因素进行主要微生物和理化指标分析.主要指标:色度、臭和味、浑浊度、pH、铅、砷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、耗氧量、电导率、细菌总数、总大肠茵群、粪大肠菌群.水质检测评判标准:<生活饮用水水质处理器卫生安全评价规范--反渗透处理装置>(2001);<中华人民共和国瓶装饮用纯净水卫生标准>GB 17324-2003. [结果]24家净水站均制作桶装水,均无生产日期标识,健康证持有率为58.93%;自动售水机(26台)露天放置,缺乏必要安全防护.在50件现制现售纯净水样中,细菌总数、总大肠菌群、粪大肠茵群合格率均为100%,色度、臭和味、pH、铅、砷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳合格率均为100%,浑浊度合格率96.0%,耗氧量合格率82.0%,电导率不合格率为100%.在现制现售桶装纯净水96件中,细菌总数合格率81.3%.总大肠茵群合格率96.9%,粪大肠菌群合格率100%.现制现售纯净水与现制现售桶装纯净水的细菌总数比较,x2=10.69,P<0.005,两者的差别有统计学意义. [结论]加强市场准入和经常性卫生监督势在必行,应细化和完善各项监督和监测指标.以确保市场上现制现售纯净水的卫生、安全.     

黄芩苷对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨黄芩苷对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉局灶性脑栓塞模型,缺血2h,再灌注24h。评价神经功能状态,测定脑梗塞体积和丙二醛(MDA)和一氧化氮(NO)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性以及血脑屏障通透性。称重法测定组织脑水肿含量。结果黄芩苷能显著降低缺血再灌注后脑梗塞体积,改善神经功能状态,降低脑组织MDA、NO含量、血脑屏障通透性和脑水肿程度,升高SOD活性并降低MPO活性,与模型组比较,具有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论黄芩苷对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤具有明显的保护作用,其机理与其清除氧自由基、抗炎和减轻脑水肿有关。     

冷却塔轴流风机的维护与检修及播水系统的改造

从减速机、联轴器、扇叶与风筒的检查维护以及润滑油系统、振动和腐蚀的监测等六个方面，介绍了冷却塔风机维护与检修的方法，同时介绍了对冷却塔的播水系统的改进。     

血小板制品细菌污染预防措施的研究

目的 探讨减少血小板细菌污染的方法,以提高临床输注血小板的安全性.方法 首先采用血液采集前采血器材的检查、采血环境的严格消毒及献血者严格筛选,同时改进献血者进针区皮肤消毒方法和对手工血小板去除白细胞;其次去除最初采集的部分血液,再进行血小板输血前细菌培养检查三种预防措施来减少血小板污染.另采用法国生物梅里埃公司BacT/Alert 120细菌监测系统进行需氧瓶及厌氧培养瓶细菌培养,培养阳性者转种培养,转种培养阳性者进行细菌鉴定.结果 采取预防措施后,手工混合血小板细菌污染率由0.72%降低至0.45%（P＜0.01）,单采血小板细菌污染率由0.47%降至0.23%（P＜0.01）,总的细菌污染率由0.62%降至0.29%（P＜0.01）.结论 采取预防措施,可减少血小板细菌污染,对提高临床血小板输注安全具有重要意义.     

南通市地表水中邻苯二甲酸酯类污染状况研究

目的:了解南通市地表水中邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)污染水平和特征。方法:采集市区河水和市郊鱼塘水,固相萃取法富集水样,气-质联机(GC-MS)测定水样中PAEs浓度。结果:所测地表水样中均含有邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs),主要为邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP),浓度为1.27～20.40μg/L。市区河水中PAEs含量高于市郊鱼塘。结论:南通市地表水中普遍存在一定程度的邻苯二甲酸酯类。     

Bicarbonate Enhances Sodium Absorption from Glucose and Glycine Rehydration Solutions

ABSTRACT. Sodium, potassium and water absorption was studied over the whole length of rat jejunum and ileum by an in vivo marker perfusion technique. The composition of solutions were similar to the oral rehydration solution currently in use for the treatment of acute diarrhoeal diseases. The study shows that bicarbonate and chloride containing glucose or glycine electrolyte solutions induce a significantly greater absorption of sodium, potassium and water compared to those containing chloride only. The study also confirms that an amino acid such as glycine is as efficient as glucose in promoting the absorption of sodium, potassium and water from rat small intestine.     

Evaluation of environmental bacterial contamination and procedures to control cross infection in a sample of Italian dental surgeries

OBJECTIVES—To perform a pilot study on bacterial contamination in some dental surgeries (n=51) in a local health unit in Brescia (Lombardy Region, Italy) and to evaluate the procedures to control cross infection used by the personnel to reduce the risk of infection in dental practice.
METHODS—A survey was carried out by interviewing 133 dental personnel with a questionnaire on the procedures used to control infection. The autoclaves, chemical baths (chemiclaves), and ovens present in the surgeries were tested for sterilisation efficiency with a spore test, and already packed and sterilised instruments were randomly sampled and tested for sterility. Microbial contamination of air, surface, and dental unit water samples were also studied.
RESULTS—The dental personnel did not generally follow the principal procedures for infection control: 30% of personnel were not vaccinated against hepatitis B virus, infected instruments were often not decontaminated, periodic checks of autoclave efficiency were lacking, and the knowledge of disinfection mechanisms and procedures was incomplete. High bacteriological contamination of water at dental surgeries was often found and total bacteriological counts in air samples were high. Surface studies showed widespread bacterial contamination.
CONCLUSIONS—On the basis of these results, an educational programme for the prevention of infective hazards has been prepared and carried out. The results of this pilot study will be used for planning a national survey.


Keywords: dental surgeries; bacterial contamination; cross infection control procedures     

Lean body mass changes in cancer patients with weight loss

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Metabolic measurements (e.g. resting energy expenditure) are adjusted to lean body mass to account for body composition differences. Usually lean body mass is estimated from total body water. However, this may be compromised in weight-losing cancer patients owing to alterations in the degree of hydration of the lean body mass. This study examined the relationship between two independent estimates of lean body mass in healthy subjects and cancer patients with weight loss. METHODS AND RESULTS: Height, weight, total body water and total body potassium were measured in healthy subjects (n=9) and weight losing cancer patients (n=13). They were similar in terms of age and gender. However, the cancer group had a significantly lower percentage ideal body weight (P<0.001). The measured total body water values in both groups were similar to those predicted. In contrast, measured total body potassium values in the cancer group were significantly lower than predicted (P<0.001). There was a correlation between the ratio of measured lean body mass (water/lean bodymass (potassium) and the percentage weight loss (r=0.698, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that total body water significantly overestimates metabolically active tissue in weight-losing cancer patients and therefore its use as the basis for metabolic requirements in this group of patients is questionable.     

煮沸对自来水有机浓集物致突变性的影响

本文通过Ames试验观察了以地面水为源水的H市自来水,经煮沸后其致突变性的变化情况。结果见到,自来水有机浓集物的致突变活性,随着沸腾持续时间的延长而上升。经色/质谱仪分析,亦见有新的化合物生成。