含氢硅油表面接枝改性PET织物的拒水性能

通过接枝率、接触角、透水时间、拉伸应力应变、ＥＳＣＡ的测定以及不冲击实验研究了在ＤＣＰ和ＢＰ等存在下电晕放电引发含氢硅油接枝ＰＥＴ织物及其拒水性能,实验结果表明：电晕放电能有效引发含氢硅油在ＰＥＴ织物表面的接枝共聚反应,随电晕放电处理时间的延长,ＰＥＴ织物表面接枝率增大;接枝后ＰＥＴ织物拒水效果明显增强;电晕放电引发接枝改性后ＰＥＴ织物无损伤,力学性能基本保持不变。     

癫痫持续状态和慢性癫痫对大鼠学习记忆和情感行为的影响

目的探讨急慢性癫痫发作对大鼠认知功能的影响。方法戊四氮(PTZ)诱导大鼠癫痫持续状态(SE)和慢性癫痫(CEP),用交替电刺激Y迷宫试验、Morris水迷宫试验、抬高迷宫试验和旷场试验检测大鼠学习记忆和情感行为变化。结果SE大鼠致痫后近期水迷宫逃避潜伏期延长(P<0.05),平台象限搜寻时间百分比降低(P<0.01),穿越平台区域次数减少(P<0.05)Y迷宫选择错误总数增多(P<0.05);抬高迷宫开放臂中逃避时间延长(P<0.05),进入次数增多(P<0.05);旷场活动的格子数、站立次数及粪便颗粒数均减少(P<0.05)。远期均恢复正常。CEP大鼠致痫后近期水迷宫部分时段逃避潜伏期延长(P<0.05),远期恢复正常,Y迷宫选择错误总数近期和远期均增多(P<0.05)抬高迷宫开放臂中逃避时间和进入次数及旷场活动格子数、站立次数和粪便颗粒数与对照组相比均无明显差别(P>0.05)。结论癫痫持续状态可导致大鼠短期学习记忆功能受损和情感行为异常慢性癫痫引起的学习记忆能力降低持续时间较长,对情感行为无明显影响。交替电刺激Y迷宫在检测癫痫大鼠学习记忆功能方面可能较Morris水迷宫更灵敏。     

亚硝化农肥水中N-亚硝基化合物的分析

目的分析亚硝化农肥水中N-亚硝基化合物的种类。方法使用特异的高效液相色谱—光水解、热裂解—热能分析仪联机技术(HPLC-PHPS-TEA)进行分析检测。结果在亚硝化农肥水中发现N-亚硝基甲基脲(MNU),二甲基亚硝胺(NDMA);结论农肥水中含N-亚硝基化合物的胺类、酰胺类前体物:二甲胺和甲基脲。亚硝化农肥水中含有N-亚硝基化合物:二甲基亚硝胺和N-亚硝基甲基脲。这是两种能引起动物胃癌、食管癌和肝癌的N-亚硝基化合物。因此,从环境微生物、环境化学角度为"食管癌、胃癌和肝癌的氮循环——N-亚硝基化合物前体物病因假说"提供了有力的佐证。另外,使用我们的专利《消除饮用水中N-亚硝基化合物及其前体物的方法》作为干预措施,经过干预处理的农肥水,不管是否亚硝化,均无N-亚硝基化合物。证明专利方法有效,可以直接应用于食管癌、胃癌和肝癌的病因预防。     

Natural Volcanic Material as a Sustainable Photocatalytic Material for Pollutant Degradation under Solar Irradiation

Recently, photocatalysis has been demonstrated as a solid approach for efficient wastewater cleaning. Using natural materials as photocatalysts means a promising solution to develop green catalysts for environmental purposes. This work aimed to study the suitability of a natural volcanic material (La Gomera, Canary Islands, Spain) as a photocatalytic material for the degradation of pollutants in wastewater with solar energy. After analysing the properties of the natural material (BET surface 0.188 m²/g and band-gap of 3 eV), the photocatalytic activity was evaluated at laboratory and pilot plant scale for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in water (50 mg L⁻¹), at 20 °C, during a period of 4 h, under UV/Vis light and solar irradiation. Photolytic and adsorption studies were developed to distinguish the photocatalytic contribution to the wastewater decontamination process by photocatalysis. Our results enable us to determine the viability of black sand as a photocatalytic material activated by solar irradiation (photodegradation of MB up to 100% by using solar energy), developing a natural and green photocatalytic system with significantly high potential for application in a sustainable wastewater cleaning process.     

顶空气相色谱法分析生活饮用水中挥发性卤代烃类有机物的方法探讨与应用

目的:探讨生活饮用水中7种挥发性卤代烃的测定方法。方法:采用顶空气相色谱法测定生活饮用水中三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、二氯一溴甲烷、一氯二溴甲烷、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯及溴仿。结果:在所建立的实验条件下,7种挥发性卤代烃的平均回收率在91.6%~104.7%之间,相对标准差为1.2%~7.3%,检测限为0.20~5.0μg/L。结论:所建立的分析方法简便、快捷、准确、可同时测定多种挥发性卤代烃。     

应用SOS显色试验监测工业废水的遗传毒性

本研究应用SOS显色试验对沈阳市西部工业废水的遗传毒性进行了监测。结果发现构成沈阳西部工业废水的30个主要排放口有11个具有遗传毒性,由其汇成两条干渠,细河亦具有潜在的遗传毒性。结果说明,SOS显色试验操作简单、快速、易于推广没有假阳性。特别适用于成分复杂,含有大量有机物的工业废水的监测,具有较大的实用性和推广意义。     

苏州地区城乡生活饮用水水质调查与分析

目的掌握苏州地区城镇与农村生活饮用水水质卫生状况及水质指标自然本底值,为建立健全城乡生活饮用水质监测网络提供依据。方法按现行《生活饮用水标准检验方法》（GB／T5750．2）中《水样的采集与保存》,于2010年丰水期在沿长江和环太湖等典型地区采集城镇和农村集中式供水单位的出厂水水样,按《生活饮用水标准检验方法》（GB／T5750—2006）进行水质全项目检测分析。结果2010年丰水期苏州地区城乡饮用水主要不合格指标为铝和三氯乙醛,主要理化常规指标铅、氟化物、硝酸盐、三氯甲烷、铝、氯化物、硫酸盐、溶解性总固体、总硬度、耗氧量等本底值,分别为0．0014、0．62、1．21、0．0046、0．17、48．6、70．0、288．3、118．1、1．44mg／L。结论苏州沿长江和环太湖等典型地区城乡饮用水水质指标基本符合《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB5749—2006）水质要求,能够保障城乡居民饮水安全及社会发展需求。     

Habitual Total Drinking Fluid Intake Did Not Affect Plasma Hydration Biomarkers among Young Male Athletes in Beijing,China: A Cross-Sectional Study

The purposes of this study were to explore the drinking patterns, and urinary and plasma hydration biomarkers of young adults with different levels of habitual total drinking fluid intake. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 111 young male athletes in Beijing, China. Total drinking fluids and water from food were assessed by a 7-day, 24-h fluid intake questionnaire and the duplicate portion method, respectively. The osmolality and electrolyte concentrations of the 24-h urine and fasting blood samples were tested. Differences in groups LD₁ (low drinker), LD₂, HD₁, and HD₂ (high drinker), divided according to the quartiles of total drinking fluids, were compared using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis H-tests, and chi-squared tests. A total of 109 subjects completed the study. The HD₂ group had greater amounts of TWI (total water intake) and higher and lower contributions of total drinking fluids and water from food to TWI, respectively, than the LD₁, LD₂, and HD₁ groups (p < 0.05), but the amounts of water from food did not differ significantly among the four groups (all p > 0.05). Participants in the HD₂ group had higher amounts of water than participants in the LD₁, LD₂, and HD₁ groups (p < 0.05); SSBs were the second top contributor of total drinking fluids, ranging from 24.0% to 31.8%. The percentage of subjects in optimal hydration status increased from 11.8% in the LD₁ group to 58.8% in the HD₂ group (p < 0.05). The HD₂ and HD₁ groups had 212–227 higher volumes of urine than the LD₁ and LD₂ groups (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the plasma biomarkers (p > 0.05), with the exception of higher concentrations of K in the HD₁ group than in the LD₁ group (p < 0.05). Subjects with higher amounts of total drinking fluids had better hydration status than those with lower total drinking fluids, but not better drinking patterns. Habitual total drinking fluids did not affect the plasma biomarkers.     

Modelling effects of bromide ion concentration on the formation of brominated trihalomethanes

A series of statistically‐based models have been developed for predicting the formation of individual trihalomethane (THM) species, ranging from chloroform to bromoform, as a function of various reaction conditions. These equations allow a quantitative assessment of bromide effects on overall THM formation as well as THM speciation.     

某中水站建设项目职业病危害预评价

目的对某中水站建设项目职业病危害因素及存在的职业卫生问题提出有效的防护对策和建议。方法依据《工业企业设计卫生标准》《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值》等标准,采用检查表法和类比调查法,对项目中可能存在的职业病危害进行识别、分析与评价。结果检测14个产生化学有毒物质作业岗位和4个噪声工作岗位,全部合格。本项日在总体布局、生产工艺、职业病防护措施等方面基本符合《工业企业设计卫生标准》要求。在设备布局、照明、应急救援措施等方面设计还不够完善。结论本项目属于职业病危害一般的建设项目,从职业病防治角度分析是可行的。