锁骨钩钢板治疗POST肩锁关节脱位Ⅲ和Ⅳ型疗效观察

目的介绍应用国产锁骨钩钢板(clavicular hook plate,CHP)治疗肩锁关节脱位与锁骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法应用国产CHP固定治疗27例POSTⅢ、Ⅳ型肩锁关节脱位患者,所有病例均采用将钢板插入肩峰下关节囊外,复位后钢板置于锁骨上螺钉固定,仅修补肩锁韧带及肩锁关节囊,未做刻意的喙锁韧带修复。结果随访3-24个月,平均12.6个月,骨折全部愈合,术后9-12个月取出内固定,无再次骨折及脱位发生。采用Karlsson分级标准进行疗效评价:A级21例,B级4例,C级2例。结论锁骨钩钢板是治疗肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折的一种可靠方法。     

Simultaneous bilateral dual mobility total hip arthroplasty dislocation in a patient with hepatic encephalopathy: A case report

Introduction and importanceDislocation is a severe complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA). It is one of the most common reasons for failure and revision surgery. This is the first case of a documented simultaneous bilateral dual mobility (DM) THA dislocation.Case presentationA forty-nine-year-old man presented with bilateral hip pain, immobility and deformity. X-ray images demonstrated simultaneous bilateral posterior THA dislocation. Previously, the patient had presented atraumatic dislocations recurrently. When he was thoroughly re-interrogated, he complained of uncontrolled and generalized muscle contractions, which were compatible with myoclonus due to hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Multidisciplinary treatment was performed satisfactorily to control myoclonus symptomatology and to prevent dislocation.Clinical discussionPatient’s most important risk factor was a neuromuscular disorder, which we initially gave little notice and undervalued. HE is a serious but reversible syndrome, observed in patients with liver dysfunction. It leads to a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities. Management is based on prevention of episodes, avoiding the underlying triggers.Due to the high risk for dislocation of our patient, we decided to use DM cups bilaterally. This system has demonstrated lower rates of dislocation.ConclusionThis case report reminds us that a careful evaluation through meticulous history and physical examination are mandatory when faced with recurrent instability. Furthermore, prevention of dislocation is vastly preferable to treating this challenging complication. High-risk patients should be identified, and appropriate surgical approach, technique and implants have to be collectively used to reach a strategy that mitigates and ideally prevents dislocation.     

单纯前路手术治疗无明显后方压迫的陈旧性颈椎半脱位

目的 探讨无明显后方压迫的陈旧性颈椎半脱位行单纯前路手术减压内固定的可行性及手术方法.方法 2004年5月至2006年7月收治陈旧性颈椎半脱位患者16例,受伤至手术时间均超过2个月,行前路减压,术中试图通过撑开螺钉及钛网钢板同定的运用,以获得减压固定、恢复正常序列.结果 16例患者术后均恢复正常颈椎序列及椎间隙高度,随访6-11个月,平均8.5个月,无植骨未融合及钛板螺钉松动、断裂病例.所有患者症状均得到改善,JOA评分由术前的平均13.4分恢复为最后随访时平均15.9分,改善率为69.4%.结论 对于陈旧性颈椎半脱位,后方结构已纤维愈合稳定,而且无明显后方脊髓压迫,前路减压技术完全能达到减压融合重建颈椎序列的目的 .     

局部阻滞与手法复位治疗麻醉后颞下颌关节脱位3例报告

颢下颌关节脱位是全麻气管插管的并发症之一，本文报告3例行局部阻滞后采用口内法1例，外口法2例3次手法复位成功。处理的关键在于早期发现，术后麻醉科医师一定要随访患者，及早治疗。     

Axillary artery and brachial plexus injury after anterior shoulder dislocation: report of a case and review of the literature

The shoulder is the most commonly dislocated major joint of the body, but associated injury to the axillary artery and the brachial plexus has only been reported sporadically in the literature. This review presents the case of an elderly man with a recurrent dislocation, transection of the axillary artery and an associated severe brachial plexus injury. It also presents the pathognomonic triad of anterior shoulder dislocation, absent peripheral pulse and expanding axillary haematoma to raise the index of suspicion for identifying this limb-threatening injury, which demands immediate arteriography and surgical exploration. This kind of rare injury can be easily missed without a simple clinical examination.     

Spontaneous late dislocation of the high flexion tibial insert after Genesis II total knee arthroplasty. A case report

We present the first case of late spontaneous dislocation of a high flexion polyethylene insert after Genesis II total knee arthroplasty. Dislocation of the fixed insert occurred at 14 months post surgery while walking down a steep aircraft staircase. The total knee arthroplasty had been uneventful till that moment. The clinical presentation, possible causes and management are discussed. A surgical error, failure to remove a posterior femoral osteophyte, seems the most probable cause for the late insert dislocation in our case.     

Dislocation of polyfocal full-optics accommodative intraocular lens after neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet capsulotomy in vitrectomized eye

We report a case of dislocation of WIOL-CF^® polyfocal full-optics intraocular lens (IOL) after neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser capsulotomy in the vitrectomized eye. At 22 months before the dislocation of the IOL, a 55-year-old male patient underwent phacoemulsification with WIOL-CF^® IOL implantation in a local clinic and 10 months after the cataract surgery the patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy, endolaser photocoagulation and 14% C₃F₈ gas tamponade for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. At 9 months after the vitrectomy, the patient visited our clinic for a sudden decrease of vision after Nd: YAG capsulotomy in the local clinic. On fundus examination, the dislocated IOL was identified and the Nd: YAG capsulotomy site and the larger break, which is suspected to have been a route of the dislocation were observed in the posterior capsule.     

Luxación posterior bilateral del cristalino en una paciente agitada, ¿causa o consecuencia?

Complete posterior lens dislocation is an infrequent clinical entity. Trauma is the first cause of secondary lens dislocation. Most of the cases are unilateral, and bilateral cases are unusual. We report the uncommon case of a 70-year-old woman with evidence of a posterior bilateral dislocation of the lens in the context of an acute onset of confusional syndrome. We discuss about sensory deprivation as a trigger for acute confusion and agitation in patients with predisposing conditions. In addition, we describe the benefits that, in our experience, the refloating technique with perfluorocarbon liquid provides for the surgical approach to these cases.     

寰枢椎后路融合角度与下位颈椎曲度的相关性研究

目的 评价寰枢椎后路融合角度与术后下位颈椎矢状面曲度之间的联系并确定最佳的寰枢椎固定角度以保护颈椎生理曲度.方法 对1995年2月至2005年6月因寰枢椎脱位而行后路C1,C2融合术的92例患者进行术后随访.术前测量颈椎侧位片C1-C2,C2-C7夹角,并且进行术后长期随访,以观察术后随访C1-C2,C2-C7夹角之间的相关性. 结果所有患者均获得随访,时间2.0～10.3年,平均5.2年.术前及术后随访时C1-C2夹角平均值分别为18.4°±9.3°、26.0°±6.8°,差异有统计学意义(t=10.4,P<0.05);术前及术后随访时C2-C7夹角平均值分别为14.5°±10.1°、5.6°±12.0°,差异有统计学意义(t=6.0,P<0.05);其中术后随访C1-C2固定角度<20°(10°～20°)共计30例,≥20°(20.0°～43.6°)共计62例.C1-C2固定角度<20°者,术后随访C1-C2角度与C2-C7夹角之间无明确的相关性;C1-C2固定角度≥20°者,术后随访C1-C2角度与C2-C7夹角之间存在线性负相关;C1-C2术前、术后随访夹角的变化值与C2-C7术前、术后随访夹角的变化值之间也存在线性负相关. 结论寰枢关节行后路手术固定于高度前凸位时将导致术后下位颈椎的脊柱后凸,并且固定角度越大,下位颈椎的后凸程度就越大;为了保持下位颈椎的生理性曲度,手术中应尽量将C1-C2固定的角度控制在10°～20吨围内.