Complications following hysterectomy in women with intellectual and developmental disabilities

BackgroundLimited data exist on complications following hysterectomy among women with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD).ObjectiveThe objective was to assess the frequencies of postoperative complications in women with IDD following hysterectomy.MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample from 2014 to 2017 was queried using codes from the International Classification of Disease 9th and 10th revisions to identify women over 15 years of age with a diagnosis of an IDD undergoing hysterectomy. Comparisons were made to women without IDD undergoing the same procedure. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine between group differences in the frequency of clinical post-surgical complications while adjusting for potential confounding variables.ResultsOf eligible women undergoing hysterectomy, 1,370 were identified as having IDD and 624,700 did not. Compared to controls, women with IDD were significantly younger (45 vs. 50 years, p < 0.001). Women with IDD were also more likely to have had governmental health insurance (83% vs. 34%, p < 0.001), an open hysterectomy approach (78% vs. 69%, p = 0.002), and longer hospital stays (4 vs. 3 days, p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, women with IDD had greater odds of postoperative urinary complications (OR 3.74, 95% CI 1.18–11.83) and complications related to decubitus ulcer formation (OR 8.97, 95% CI 2.10–38.36).ConclusionsWomen with IDD have increased odds having urinary and decubitus ulcer complications following hysterectomy, compared to women without IDD. These results inform surgical decision-making and anticipatory guidance for these women and their caregivers.     

The association between disability and risk of exposure to peer cyber victimisation is moderated by gender: Cross-sectional survey

BackgroundLittle is known about the exposure of youth with disability to cyber victimisation.Objective/Hypothesis: To estimate the prevalence of peer cyber and non-cyber victimisation in a nationally representative sample of 14-year-old adolescents with and without disability and to determine whether gender moderates the relationship between disability and exposure to victimisation.MethodsSecondary analysis of data collected in Wave 6 of the UK's Millennium Cohort Survey on 11,726 14-year-old adolescents living in the UK.ResultsAdolescents with disability had higher prevalence of cyber and non-cyber victimisation than those with no disability. For cyber victimisation there was a statistically significant interaction between gender and disability, with evidence of increased cyber victimisation for adolescents with disability compared to those with no disability among girls, but not boys. For non-cyber victimisation there was no evidence of an interaction between gender and disability.ConclusionsThe prevalence of both cyber and non-cyber victimisation was higher among adolescents with disability than those with no disability. The association between disability and risk of exposure to peer cyber victimisation appears to be moderated by gender.     

低出生体重儿危险因素病例对照研究

目的 探索低出生体重儿发生的相关危险因素。方法 对沈阳市妇婴等15家医院分娩的部分产妇进行低出出生重儿的病例对照研究。结果 在控制孕妇患慢性疾病,生殖器官畸形,严重妊妊反应,化程度和巨细胞病毒等感染以及主动吸烟等混杂因素后,产妇受孕期受被动吸烟,自然流产、人工流产史,家族低出生体重史,孕前体重指数（BMI）,职业接触有机物以及丈夫饮酒史诸因素影响,分娩低出生体重儿的危险性为对照组的2．95,2．17,2．25,2．04,2．98和1．75倍。结论 上述因素均可能是低出生体重儿的危险因素。     

大黄和黄芪配伍对大鼠减体重的体成分影响研究

目的研究大黄和黄芪配伍在大鼠减体重过程中对体成分的影响。方法大鼠胃饲大黄、黄芪混合水煎剂 ,观察对体重、摄食量、游泳时间、肥体重 (fatbodyweight,FBW )、瘦体重 (leanbodyweight,LBW )、%FBW、脂肪垫、心脏和心脏体重比的影响。结果R1ATr1组 (大黄 :黄芪 1∶1,游泳组 )与CTr组 (游泳对照组 )相比体重、摄食量减少 ,游泳时间延长 (P <0 .0 1) ,FBW和脂肪垫重量减少 (P <0 .0 1)。R1Auntr1组 (大黄 :黄芪 1∶1,不游泳组 )与Cuntr组 (不游泳对照组 )相比 ,体重、摄食量、FBW和脂肪垫重量均减少 (P <0 .0 1)。结论给药大鼠无论运动或不运动 ,体重的减轻主要是FBW减少。提示大黄和黄芪混合水煎剂的作用是促进脂肪动用。     

运动对血压及糖、脂代谢的影响

目的：观察运动对血压及糖、脂代谢的影响。方法：随机、单盲设对照组及运动组各36例,运动后3个月复查血压、血糖、血脂岛素、血脂及体重指数。结果：3个月后复查血胰岛素及血脂,测体重指数及血压,血脂岛素、血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白－胆固醇,体重指数与对照组相比,差异均有显性,收缩压、舒张压运动组与运动前比较有明显下降。结论：运动能使血压下降,并降低胰岛素敏感性,改善糖、脂代谢,减轻体重。     

短期糖尿病大鼠血糖、糖化血清蛋白的动态变化及与体重、器官重量的相关分析

目的 :探讨糖尿病初期大鼠血糖、糖化血清蛋白及体重、器官重量的动态变化。方法 :Wistar雄性大鼠腹腔注射链脲菌素 (STZ)致糖尿病后分别观察 1d、3d、5 d、7d、14d,观察期满测血糖、糖化血清蛋白浓度 ,称体重、心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胸腺重量。结果 :糖尿病大鼠体重明显减轻 ,体重负增长率与血糖正相关 ;胸腺、脾重量明显减轻 ;胸腺重量与血糖、糖化血清蛋白水平显著负相关 ;脾重与糖化血清蛋白水平显著负相关 ;心脏重量与血糖负相关 ;肾重增加 ,与糖化血清蛋白水平高度正相关。结论 :短期糖尿病大鼠体重和器官重量发生明显改变 ,这种变化与血糖或糖化血清蛋白水平有关。     

饮食、运动治疗对单纯性肥胖症患者瘦素及内分泌脂肪调节激素水平的影响

目的研究饮食和运动治疗对瘦素及部分内分泌脂肪调节激素的影响.方法选择单纯性肥胖患者216例,随机分为饮食、运动治疗组(实验组)和对照组,观察瘦素及内分泌脂肪调节激素水平的变化.结果观察6个月时,与对照组相比,实验组BMI和腰围显著下降,血空腹胰岛素、瘦素和皮质醇(4pm)水平亦显著降低(P<0.05).BMI与男性、女性瘦素、空腹胰岛素及皮质醇(4pm)水平均呈正相关,而与男性睾酮呈负相关,与女性睾酮呈正相关;男性、女性胰岛素对瘦素均呈正性影响,而睾酮对瘦素的影响则因性别而不同,在男性表现为负性影响,在女性则为正性影响,未见皮质醇、生长激素对瘦素的影响.结论单纯性肥胖患者饮食控制加适当运动可有效降低体重,改善胰岛素抵抗及皮质醇的昼夜规律,降低瘦素水平.     

睫状神经营养因子对应激大鼠体质量的影响及其机制探讨

①目的　探讨睫状神经营养因子 (CNTF)对躯体性和心理性应激大鼠体质量的影响及其与下丘脑促肾上腺皮质素释放激素 (CRH)含量的关系。②方法　建立应激大鼠动物模型 ,应用鼠脑立体定向方法 ,在应激前给予大鼠双侧海马微量注射CNTF ,称量大鼠应激前后的体质量变化 ,并用放射免疫分析法测定大鼠下丘脑CRH含量的变化。③结果　在应激前及应激期间给予双侧海马微量注射CNTF ,可以有效改善应激引起的大鼠体质量的下降 (t=2 .16 3.86 ,P <0 .0 5 ,0 .0 1) ,改善应激引起的下丘脑CRH含量的升高 (t=3.0 5 4.0 3,P <0 .0 1)。④结论　CNTF可以改善应激对大鼠生长的损害 ,其机制可能与CNTF降低应激大鼠下丘脑CRH的含量有关。     

鼠抗人纤维蛋白单链抗体-低相对分子质量单链尿激酶融合基因真核分泌表达载体的构建

目的 构建鼠抗人纤维蛋白单链抗体－低相对单链尿激酶融合基因真核分泌表达载体。方法 应用重组ＤＮＡ技 术,将人工合成的尿激酶原信号肽基因与鼠抗人纤维蛋白单链抗体－低相对分子质量单链尿激酶融合基因连接,并保 证在同一阅读框架,然后分别插科到pcＤＮＡ３和ＰＭＪＫ３两种真核表达载体中。结果构建成可以在真核细胞中分泌表 达鼠抗人纤维蛋白单链抗体－低相对分子质量单链尿激酶融合蛋白的重组质粒pcＤＮＡ３－Ｄ１和ｐＭＪＫ３－Ｄ１。结论为建 立稳定分泌表达鼠抗人纤维蛋白单链抗体－低相对分子质量单链尿激酶融合蛋白的细胞工程株奠定了基础。