反复种植失败患者与复发性流产患者分泌期子宫内膜自然杀伤细胞数量分析

目的研究子宫内膜自然杀伤细胞(uNK)在反复种植失败(RIF)患者与复发性流产(RM)患者分泌期子宫内膜的表达情况。方法选取2013年3月至2016年10月于本院生殖医学助孕中心的RIF患者(20例)和RM患者(35例),对照25例。于患者尿LH试纸检测峰值出现后第7~9天,利用子宫内膜取样器刮取少量子宫腔内膜组织;根据子宫内膜形态学Noyes标准,确定RIF患者组(n=20)、RM患者组(n=35)与对照组(男性因素不孕患者,n=25)子宫内膜分期;以CD56作为uNK的表面标记物,免疫组化技术检测3组患者分泌期子宫内膜CD56阳性细胞的数量,并利用Vectra~自动病理成像定量分析系统计算细胞阳性细胞率。结果 3组患者内膜形态学分期均有早、中、晚分泌期病例;RIF组与RM组患者分泌期子宫内膜CD56阳性细胞率[分别为(17.59±12.59)%、(16.54±11.37)%]显著高于对照组[(8.01±7.19)%](P<0.01);3组患者子宫内膜CD56阳性细胞率从分泌早期到分泌晚期均呈显著递增趋势(P<0.05);RIF组与RM组分泌早期、中期及晚期CD56阳性细胞率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 RIF与RM患者子宫内膜分泌早、中、晚期uNK细胞数量异常升高,提示其可能影响子宫内膜容受性,从而导致妊娠失败。     

Prognostic impact of heart rate in elderly with systolic heart failure and concomitant atrial fibrillation

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the impact of resting heart rate (HR) on 5-year all-cause mortality in patients ≥80 years with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF) after optimal up-titration of beta-blockers (BBs).

Methods: Patients (n?=?185) aged ≥80 years with HF and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% were included between January 2000 and January 2008 from two university hospitals, Sahlgrenska and Östra and retrospectively studied from January 2 to May 30, 2013. Up-titrations of guideline recommended medications were performed at HF outpatient clinics.

Results: Of whole study population, 54% (n=?100) had AF. After optimal up-titration of BBs and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), mean HR in patients with AF was 73?±?15 beats/minute (bpm), 36% had resting HR?≤65 bpm. Five-year all-cause mortality among patients with AF was significantly lower in patients with HR?≤65 bpm (63%) compared to HR?>65 (80%). Cox proportional-hazard regression analysis adjusted for clinically important baseline variables and doses of ACEIs/ARBs and BBs demonstrated resting HR?≤65 bpm as an independent predictor of improved survival compared to resting HR?>65 bpm (HR 0.3, 95%CI 0.1–0.7, P 0.005).

Discussion: In octogenarians with HFrEF and concomitant AF, lowering resting HR to levels as low as HR?≤65 bpm was still associated with improved survival from all-cause mortality. Our data indicate that mortality in AF became comparable to SR when patients were on maximally up-titrated beta-blocker doses with HR as low as 75 bpm.     

心力衰竭患者家庭运动行为的自我效能干预

目的探讨运动自我效能干预对心力衰竭患者家庭运动行为的影响。方法将2016年5~7月住院符合纳入标准的40例患者作为对照组,8~10月38例患者作为干预组。对照组进行常规健康教育,干预组针对患者运动自我效能进行干预。分别评估患者入组时和出院后4个月的运动自我效能,并嘱患者出院后记录运动日志(包括运动形式、频率、时间和强度等)。对完成随访且资料完整的71例患者(对照组37例,干预组34例)的数据进行分析。结果干预后,干预组运动自我效能得分和运动频率、时间及强度显著优于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论运动自我效能干预能有效提高心力衰竭患者的运动自我效能水平,改善家庭运动行为。     

奥美沙坦酯对慢性心力衰竭小鼠肾脏氧化应激的作用

目的 探讨奥美沙坦酯对慢性心力衰竭小鼠肾脏氧化应激的作用。 方法 健康C57小鼠分为假手术组（SHAM组）、慢性心力衰竭组（CHF组）和奥美沙坦酯治疗组（OLM组）。以冠状动脉左前降支结扎法建立慢性心力衰竭小鼠模型,其中奥美沙坦酯治疗组以10 mg/kg剂量每日胃饲,12周时观察各组小鼠心率、血压、心功能状况、Scr、BUN、血浆和肾脏血管紧张素（Ang）Ⅱ水平。实时PCR法检测肾脏gp91phox、p22phox和NOX4的表达。AZAN染色和二氢乙啶（DHE）染色观察肾组织病理变化。 结果 与SHAM组比较,CHF组和OLM组左室舒张末期内径（LVDd）和左室收缩末期内径（LVDs）显著增加（P ＜ 0.05）;短轴缩短率（FS）和射血分数（EF）显著降低（P ＜ 0.05）;CHF组收缩压、Scr和BUN显著增高,而OLM组以上指标较CHF组均显著降低（P ＜ 0.05）。与SHAM组比较,CHF组血浆和肾脏AngⅡ水平增高,gp91phox、p22phox和NOX4表达增高（P ＜ 0.05）;OLM组肾脏AngⅡ水平、gp91phox、p22phox和NOX4表达较CHF组均显著降低（P ＜ 0.05）。与SHAM组比较,CHF组肾脏AZAN染色和DHE染色阳性增强（P ＜ 0.05）,而OLM组较CHF组显著降低（P ＜ 0.05）。 结论 慢性心力衰竭可使肾内NADPH氧化酶激活并导致肾小球间质纤维化,奥美沙坦酯通过抑制AngⅡ引起的氧化应激反应起到肾脏保护作用。     

美国胃肠病协会（AGA）所发布短肠综合征临床实践指导意见解读

短肠综合征（SBS）是由于疾病和（或）手术切除导致的肠道长度严重缩短、肠道面积显著减少的一种临床综合征。近年来,得益于对SBS病理机制认识的加深、肠外营养（PN）和小肠移植等技术的进步以及新治疗理念的兴起,SBS病人的预后有了显著改善,病人的生活质量和生存率显著提高。近期,美国胃肠病协会（AGA）组织专家更新了SBS临床处理的指导意见,旨在提供涵盖SBS处理原则的最佳实践建议,规范SBS的临床管理。该指导意见根据公开有效的医学证据,结合最近发表的系统综述和临床指南,从肠道解剖、营养评估、饮食、PN、口服补液、药物治疗、药物剂量、手术治疗、并发症预防等方面提出了12条在SBS诊治方面极为实用的建议。     

Perioperative cardiac complications

Perioperative cardiac complications have an increasing impact on morbidity and mortality as more patients with cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities are requiring major surgery. This article provides updates on cardiac risk prediction via risk assessment tools and perioperative biomarkers, perioperative cardiac risk reduction strategies, and the management of cardiac complications, including myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS), acute heart failure, and atrial fibrillation.     

Outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with heart failure with a midrange ejection fraction

BackgroundCoronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) improves survival in patients with heart failure and severely reduced left ventricular systolic function (LVEF). Limited data exist regarding adverse cardiovascular event rates after CABG in patients with heart failure with midrange ejection fraction (HFmrEF; LVEF > 40% and < 55%).MethodsWe analyzed data on isolated CABG patients from the Veterans Affairs national database (2010-2019). We stratified patients into control (normal LVEF and no heart failure), HFmrEF, and heart failure with reduced LVEF (HFrEF) groups. We compared all-cause mortality and heart failure hospitalization rates between groups with a Cox model and recurrent events analysis, respectively.ResultsIn 6533 veterans, HFmrEF and HFrEF was present in 1715 (26.3%) and 566 (8.6%) respectively; the control group had 4252 (65.1%) patients. HFrEF patients were more likely to have diabetes mellitus (59%), insulin therapy (36%), and previous myocardial infarction (31%). Anemia was more prevalent in patients with HFrEF (49%) as was a lower serum albumin (mean, 3.6 mg/dL). Compared with the control group, a higher risk of death was observed in the HFmrEF (hazard ratio [HR], 1.3 [1.2-1.5)] and HFrEF (HR, 1.5 [1.2-1.7]) groups. HFmrEF patients had the higher risk of myocardial infarction (subdistribution HR, 1.2 [1-1.6]; P = .04). Risk of heart failure hospitalization was higher in patients with HFmrEF (HR, 4.1 [3.5-4.7]) and patients with HFrEF (HR, 7.2 [6.2-8.5]).ConclusionsHeart failure with midrange ejection fraction negatively affects survival after CABG. These patients also experience higher rates myocardial infarction and heart failure hospitalization.     

The fate of aortic valve after rheumatic mitral valve surgery

ObjectiveDeterioration of the native aortic valve function by a late progression of rheumatic disease is not infrequent in patients who underwent rheumatic mitral valve surgery; however, this phenomenon has not been clearly quantified.MethodsA total of 1155 consecutive patients (age 52.0 ± 12.9 years; 807 female) who underwent rheumatic mitral valve surgery without concomitant aortic valve surgery from 1997 to 2015 were enrolled. The primary end point was the composite of progression to severe aortic valve dysfunction or a requirement of subsequent aortic valve replacements during follow-up. To determine the risk factors of the primary outcome, we performed the generalized linear mixed model.ResultsThe baseline severities of aortic valve were none to trivial in 880 patients (76.2%), mild in 256 patients (22.2%), and moderate in 19 patients (1.6%). The latest 1062 echocardiographic assessments (91.9%; median, 81.2 postoperative months; interquartile range, 37.3-132.1 months) demonstrated 26 cases (0.33%/patient-year) meeting the primary end point during follow-up. Cumulative incidence of the primary end point at 10 years was 0.4% ± 0.3% and 7.4% ± 2.5% depending on the presence of mild or greater aortic valve dysfunction at baseline (P < .01). In multivariable analyses, aortic valve peak pressure gradient (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.20), aortic regurgitation degree (mild over none: odds ratio, 3.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-9.23), and time (odds ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval 1.19-1.41) were significantly associated with the occurrence of the primary end point.ConclusionsProgression of severe aortic valve dysfunction and the need for aortic valve replacement are uncommon in patients undergoing rheumatic mitral valve surgery. However, such events were relatively common among those with mild or greater aortic valve dysfunction at the time of mitral valve surgery.     

Atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveNew-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after cardiac surgery is common, with rates up to 60%. POAF has been associated with early and late stroke, but its association with other cardiovascular outcomes is less known. The objective was to perform a meta-analysis of the studies reporting the association of POAF with perioperative and long-term outcomes in patients with cardiac surgery.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis of studies that presented outcomes for cardiac surgery on the basis of the presence or absence of POAF. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were assessed; 57 studies (246,340 patients) were selected. Perioperative mortality was the primary outcome. Inverse variance method and random model were performed. Leave-one-out analysis, subgroup analyses, and metaregression were conducted.ResultsPOAF was associated with perioperative mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58-2.33), perioperative stroke (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.90-2.49), perioperative myocardial infarction (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.06-1.54), perioperative acute renal failure (OR, 2.74; 95% CI, 2.42-3.11), hospital (standardized mean difference, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.53-1.07) and intensive care unit stay (standardized mean difference, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.24-0.86), long-term mortality (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.54; 95% CI, 1.40-1.69), long-term stroke (IRR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.21-1.46), and longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation (IRR, 4.73; 95% CI, 3.36-6.66).ConclusionsThe results suggest that POAF after cardiac surgery is associated with an increased occurrence of most short- and long-term cardiovascular adverse events. However, the causality of this association remains to be established.