糖尿病肾病患者D-二聚体和脂蛋白(a)的变化及其相关性研究

目的:观察血浆D-二聚体(D-dimer,DD)和血清脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]在糖尿病肾病(DN)中的变化并 探讨两者之间的关系。方法:根据尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)将126例2型糖尿病(DM)患者分为单纯糖尿病组(SDM 组)、早期糖尿病肾病组(EDN组)和临床糖尿病肾病组(CDN组),45名健康者作为对照组,分别测定各组血浆DD和 血清Lp(a)的水平。结果:DD、Lp(a)水平SDM组与对照组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),但EDN和CDN组显著高 于SDM组和对照组(P<0.01),CDN组显著高于EDN组(P<0.01)。DD和Lp(a)分别与UAER呈显著正相关(r= 0.523,0.426,P<0.01)。结论:DN患者血浆DD和血清Lp(a)水平随着UAER的增加而升高,两者之间关系密切,可 能与DN的进展有关。     

彩色多普勒超声对糖尿病患者肾脏大小与肾血流动力学关系的分析

目的:应用彩色多普勒超声观察对糖尿病患者肾脏大小形态、结构及各级肾动脉阻力指数(RI)的改变,分析肾脏大小与阻力指数之间的关系,以期寻找更早期的、无创性的糖尿病肾病(DN)辅助诊断方法.方法:选择120例糖尿病(DM)患者,病程＜5年为DM1组60例,病程＞5年为DM2组60例,排除合并心衰、泌尿系感染、结石、肾血管疾病及其他原因致肾脏原发、继发病变,所有患者尿常规蛋白阴性,血尿素氮、肌酐正常.同时选择120例健康者作为对照组.应用彩色多普勒超声仪检查受试者肾脏大小、各级肾动脉阻力指数.应用SPSS统计软件包进行统计处理.结果:DN2组糖尿病患者肾脏较正常对照组及DM1组者大,两者比较有统计学意义.DM2组RI较DM1组及正常组高.DM2组肾脏大小与肾各级动脉RI之间有线性关系,呈正相关(r=0.85,P＜0.05).结论:彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)检测能提示DM患者肾脏大小和肾血流动力学情况,对早期DN的诊断是有价值的.     

百令胶囊对糖尿病肾病大鼠生化指标及肾组织病理学改变的影响

目的:观察百令胶囊对糖尿病肾病大鼠血压、血糖、24 h尿蛋白定量、肾功能及大鼠肾组织病理变化的作用.方法:24只大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、治疗组,每组各8只.复制糖尿病肾病大鼠模型成功2 d后,治疗组每日灌胃百令胶囊(2.5 g/kg),模型组及对照组每日给予等量的饮用水,测定血糖及24 h尿蛋白定量;通过全自动生化分析仪检测血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN),并计算内生肌酐清除率(Ccr);通过光镜观察肾脏病理变化.结果:给药12周后,模型组大鼠血糖、平均动脉压、24 h尿蛋白定量、Scr、BUN及左肾/体重均明显高于对照组大鼠,而Ccr低于对照组大鼠,均P＜0.05,且肾组织出现了较明显的病理损伤;经百令胶囊治疗后,大鼠平均动脉压、24 h尿蛋白定量、Scr、BUN及左肾/体重均明显减低,均P＜0.05,血糖减低,Ccr显著增高,P＜0.05,肾组织病理损伤明显减轻.结论:百令胶囊对糖尿病肾病大鼠具有肾保护作用.     

Does a shorter residual first metatarsal length after first ray amputation in diabetic patients leads to poorer outcomes – A risk factor study

BackgroundThe first ray plays a vital role in the normal function of the foot and the gait cycle where in its absence can lead to abnormal changes in weight distribution to the residual first metatarsal stump and lesser metatarsals with predisposition to developing lesser toe deformities reulcerations and reamputations particularly in diabetic patients. This study aims to characterise the outcomes after first ray amputation and its associated risk factors with focus on the impact of residual first metatarsal length.MethodsAll diabetic patients with first ray amputations from January 2012 to December 2016 were reviewed. Residual first metatarsal length was measured using postoperative radiographs. Risk factors for outcomes such as readmission, reulceration and/or reamputation, transfer ulceration and/or amputation of lesser toes, proximal amputations, ulcer-free duration (UFD) and mortality were analysed using bivariate logistic/linear regression followed by multiple logistic/linear regression models adjusting for confounding factors.ResultsAmong 89 patients with first ray amputations, 65.3 % needed readmission for further treatment. Although only 10.1 % had reulceration at the first ray which all led to reamputation, there were 56.2 % with transfer ulceration and 40.4 % with transfer amputation of the lesser toes in this cohort. The prevalence of transmetatarsal amputation was 18 % and proximal amputations at 12.4 % while the average UFD was 27 months. Mortality rate was 31.5 % with an average of 3-year survival. Preservation of the first metatarsal length via metatarsophalangeal joint disarticulation independently reduced likelihood of readmissions and residual metatarsal length of > one third when compared to < one third after first ray amputations had lower likelihood of transfer amputation of lesser toes.ConclusionFirst ray amputation in diabetic patients leads to significant morbidities and mortality. Preservation of the residual first metatarsal length independently reduced the likelihood of readmissions and transfer amputation to the lesser toes.     

复方桐叶烧伤油促进糖尿病足皮肤创面愈合及通过p38 MAPK信号通路调节糖尿病足大鼠皮肤组织AQP3表达

探讨复方桐叶烧伤油通过p38信号通路调节激酶（MAPK）信号通路对糖尿病足大鼠皮肤组织水通道蛋白3表达的影响。方法 选取60只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组（A组）、糖尿病足溃疡组（B组）、复方桐叶烧伤油组（C组）、复方桐叶烧伤油+S B 2 0 3 5 8 0组（D组）,各15只。B组、C组、D组45只大鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病后构建糖尿病足溃疡模型;比较各组研究指标。结果 C组创面愈合率显著高于B组,D组创面愈合率显著低于C组（P ＜0.001）;B组、C组、D组组织中TNF -α、I L - 6、CRP水平均显著高于A组,C组组织中TNF -α、I L - 6、CRP水平均显著低于B组,D组组织中TNF-α、IL-6、CRP水平显著高于C组（P ＜0.001）;B组、D组组织中APQ3、p38蛋白表达量均低于A组（P ＜0.001）;C组组织中APQ3表达量低于A组（P ＜0.001）,而p38蛋白表达量显著高于B组,D组APQ3、p38蛋白表达量均极显著低于C组（P ＜0.001）。结论 复方桐叶烧伤油促进糖尿病足皮肤创面愈合,通过激活p38 MAPK信号通路磷酸化上调糖尿病足大鼠皮肤组织中APQ3表达。     

再生医疗技术治疗糖尿病皮肤溃疡疗效观察与护理体会

目的总结、分析原位再生医疗技术治疗糖尿病慢性皮肤溃疡的疗效和护理干预的意义。方法对29例糖尿病患者的64处慢性皮肤溃疡创面采用原位再生医疗技术治疗,并配合相应的健康教育、心理干预等措施综合护理,观察并记录治疗12周后的创面愈合情况与护理效果。结果经过12周的治疗与护理,29例患者的64处皮肤溃疡创面均有不同程度的好转,其中,治愈率为71.87%,明显有效率为20.31%,有效率为100%;瘢痕轻度增生率为48.43%。结论原位再生医疗技术治疗糖尿病慢性皮肤溃疡创面,疗效满意,若配合有效的护理干预措施,能有效稳定患者情绪,提高患者的依从性,利于糖尿病慢性皮肤溃疡的愈合。     

雷公藤多甙对糖尿病大鼠肾脏Desmin、Synaptopodin表达的影响

目的探讨雷公藤多甙对糖尿病大鼠肾脏Desmin、Synaptopodin表达的影响。方法30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组（n=10）、糖尿病组（DM组,n=10）、治疗组（n=10）3组。治疗组将雷公藤多甙片以50mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃。于12周末检测24h尿蛋白量、血糖（Glu）、血肌酐（Scr）、血胱抑素C（Cys-C）。HE染色观察肾脏病理改变;免疫组化检测肾脏Desmin、Synaptopodin的表达情况。结果3组大鼠24h尿蛋白、Scr和Cys-C差异有统计学意义。治疗组24h尿蛋白、Scr和Cys-C均较糖尿病组低（P〈0．05）,差异有统计学意义。与对照组比较,糖尿病组肾小球体积增大、系膜区基质明显增生、肾小球毛细血管袢受压、基底膜增厚,而治疗组较糖尿病组有所改善。免疫组化显示：3组大鼠肾组织Desmin、Synaptopodin蛋白表达差异有统计学意义,糖尿病组Desmin表达较对照组高、Synaptopodin表达较对照组低（P〈0．05）;治疗组Desmin表达较糖尿病组低、Synaptopodin表达较糖尿病组高（P〈0.05）。结论雷公藤多甙可能通过下调糖尿病大鼠肾脏Desmin的表达、同时上调Synaptopodin表达,保护足细胞,减少尿蛋白,保护肾脏。     

Protective effects of leflunomide on renal lesions in a rat model if diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes with poor efficacy of clinical treatment. This study investigated the protective effects of leflunomide, a new immunosuppressant, on tubulointerstitial lesions in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ, 50?mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection in male Wistar rats. Two weeks after STZ injection, diabetic rats were treated daily for 8 weeks with low (5?mg/kg) and high dose (10?mg/kg) of leflunomide, and benazepril hydrochloride (4?mg/kg) as a positive control. In diabetic rats, the 24-h urine volume, urine protein and microalbumin, blood creatinine and urea nitrogen significantly increased, which were attenuated by leflunomide treatment in a dose-dependent manner (all p?相似文献   

Clinical outcomes of toe amputation in patients with type 2 diabetes in Tianjin,China

The aim of this study is to determine the predictors for reulceration, reamputation and mortality in patients with diabetes following toe amputation, and the impact of activities of daily living on clinical outcomes. This prospective cohort study included 245 patients who had undergone toe amputation (202 healing and 43 non‐healing) and was followed for a 5‐year period. Data regarding new foot ulceration, reamputation and mortality were recorded, and the patients' activities of daily living were evaluated. The rate of wound healing was 82·4%. The rate of follow‐up in the healed group was 91·6%. In years 1, 3 and 5, the cumulative incidence of patients who developed a new foot ulcer was 27·3%, 57·2% and 76·4%, respectively, leading to reamputation in 12·5%, 22·3% and 47·1%, respectively. The cumulative mortality was 5·8%, 15·1% and 32·7% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that GHbA1c > 9% (75 mmol/mol) was identified as an independent predictor of impaired wound healing, reulceration and reamputation. An age of >70 years was identified as an independent predictor of reamputation, mortality and impairment of activities of daily living. Despite a satisfactory initial healing rate after the first toe amputation, with the extension course after the toe amputation, the long‐term outcomes are not optimistic. In developing countries like China, taking measures to prevent reulceration and reamputation is very important for patients with diabetic foot minor amputations, especially following toe amputation.     

Diabetic foot disease is associated with reduced erythrocyte deformability

The pathogenesis of diabetic foot disease is multifactorial and encompasses microvascular and macrovascular pathologies. Abnormal blood rheology may also play a part in its development. Using a cell flow analyser (CFA), we examined the association between erythrocyte deformability and diabetic foot disease. Erythrocytes from diabetic patients with no known microvascular complications (n = 11) and patients suffering from a diabetic foot ulcer (n = 11) were isolated and their average elongation ratio (ER) as well as the ER distribution curve were measured. Average ER was decreased in the diabetic foot patients compared with the patients with diabetes and no complications (1·64 ± 0·07 versus 1·71 ± 0·1; P = 0·036). A significant rise in the percentage of minimally deformable red blood cells RBCs in diabetic foot patients compared with the patients with no complications was observed (37·89% ± 8·12% versus 30·61% ± 10·17%; P = 0·039) accompanied by a significant decrease in the percentage of highly deformable RBCs (12·47% ± 4·43% versus 17·49% ± 8·17% P = 0·046). Reduced erythrocyte deformability may slow capillary flow in the microvasculature and prolong wound healing in diabetic foot patients. Conversely, it may be the low‐grade inflammatory state imposed by diabetic foot disease that reduces erythrocyte deformability. Further study of the rheological changes associated with diabetic foot disease may enhance our understanding of its pathogenesis and aid in the study of novel therapeutic approaches.