袁肇凯教授辨证治疗心病经验

本文主要从病因病机、辨证论治规律及遣方用药特色等几个方面介绍袁肇凯教授治疗心病(冠心病、心律失常、慢性心力衰竭)的经验,疗效显著.袁教授认为冠心病的主要病机为本虚标实,本虚责之于心气阴两虚、阳气不足为主,标实责之于寒凝、气滞、痰阻、血瘀,且诸邪每多夹杂,主张补通二法作为本病防治的重要原则.心律失常辨证的关键在于分清寒热属性,快速性心律失常辨证多为心气阴两虚证治以益气养阳,镇静安神;缓慢性心律失常辨证多为心阳气亏虚证,或心脾两虚证治以温阳养心,复脉安神;慢性心力衰竭的主要病机为心肾阳气虚衰,血瘀水停,临证以强心扶阳、温肾利水为法治疗.     

更年期患者膳食结构及饮食指导的必要性分析

目的 调查分析女性更年期患者膳食结构的合理性,为开展更年期患者饮食指导提供理论依据.方法 选取2013年1月至2013年7月就诊于北京大学第一医院更年期综合管理门诊的患者,采用自编调查问卷收集患者的健康相关信息及饮食情况并进行分析.结果 更年期患者中,每日谷薯类及杂豆、蔬菜、水果、畜禽肉、鱼虾类、大豆类及坚果、蛋类、奶类及奶制品、油脂平均摄入量分别为184.0g、471.5g、300.2g、99.0g、33.9g、9.5g、42.5g、236.4g、34.3g.饮食中碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪供能比为51.6%:15.0%:33.4%.更年期综合征(Kupperman评分≥15)的患病率是71.4%,最常见的5个症状分别是:疲乏(84.9%)、易激动(77.3%)、骨关节肌肉痛(76.5%)、失眠(73.9%)、潮热(70.6%).体重超标人群较体重正常人群更易患更年期综合征(χ2=5.50,P=0.02).仅10.0%的更年期患者曾接受过更年期的膳食指导.结论 更年期患者饮食结构不合理,饮食相关健康知识欠缺,有必要对更年期患者进行个体化的饮食指导.     

Urinary dialkylphosphate metabolites and health symptoms among farmers in Thailand

Using a cross-sectional study, we investigated urinary DAPs levels and health symptoms related to the type of crop cultivation and farm tasks among 84 farmers in Phayao Province of northern Thailand. The results showed that the average of ∑DAPs levels was 10.93 ± 19.64 μg/g creatinine (range 1.48–163.90 μg/g creatinine). The compound found the most was DEP, followed by DETP, DEDTP, DMP, DMTP, and DMDTP, respectively. The type of crop cultivation may be associated with an increasing prevalence of respiratory tract, muscle system, and skin irritation. Farm tasks were associated with an increasing prevalence of muscle system and skin irritation. It was difficult to assess adverse health symptoms associated with urinary DAPs in low levels of exposure; therefore, further investigation is needed using more sensitive biomarkers and more sensitive health symptom measurement.     

老年慢性病患者抑郁状态及影响因素城乡差异研究

背景　抑郁是老年人常见的心理健康问题,而老年慢性病患者抑郁状态发生率远高于一般老年人群。目前,对于老年慢性病患者抑郁状况的研究主要集中于城市社区,对农村老年慢性病患者的关注及城乡比较研究较为有限。目的　探讨老年慢性病患者抑郁状态及其影响因素的城乡差异,为改善老年慢性病患者心理健康提供参考。方法　于2018年10月,采用多阶段随机整群的方法抽取山西省太原市的2 504例城乡老年慢性病患者为研究对象。问卷内容包括一般人口学信息、行为因素、慢性病数量及抑郁状况。采用简版老年抑郁量表（GDS-15）评估抑郁状态。运用二元Logistic回归模型分析城乡老年慢性病患者抑郁状态的影响因素。结果　在2 504例老年慢性病患者中,城市老年慢性病患者占55.39%（1 387/2 504）,农村老年慢性病患者占44.61%（1 117/2 504）,城市和农村老年慢性病患者性别、年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、主要经济来源、与子女关系、与配偶关系、吸烟情况、体力活动水平和慢性病数量比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在所有被调查者中,抑郁状态的检出率为37.02%（927/2 504）,且农村老年慢性病患者抑郁状态发生率（45.66%,510/1 117）高于城市老年慢性病患者（30.06%,417/1 387）（P<0.05）。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,与子女关系、与配偶关系、体力活动水平是城市和农村老年慢性病患者抑郁状态发生的共同影响因素（P<0.05）,年龄和患慢性病数量是城市老年慢性病患者抑郁状态的影响因素（P<0.05）,吸烟情况、饮酒情况及主要经济来源是农村老年慢性病患者抑郁状态的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　城乡老年慢性病患者抑郁状况的影响因素不尽相同,在对老年慢性病患者抑郁状态的实际干预中要考虑城乡差异,有针对性地采取预防和改进措施。     

2019冠状病毒病爆发期间城市居民午睡与抑郁情绪的关系研究

目的：探索2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）爆发期间城市居民午睡与抑郁情绪的关系,为突发公共卫生事件期间城市居民抑郁情绪的预防提供科学依据。方法：基于WELL中国队列人群,于2020年4月8日至2020年5月29日通过电话访谈获取COVID-19爆发期间被调查者的健康与生活方式信息,最终纳入3075名18~80岁杭州市拱墅区城市居民的调查资料。采用世界卫生组织五项身心健康指标测量抑郁情绪,多元logistic回归模型分析调查对象午睡状况与抑郁情绪的关系。结果：COVID-19爆发期间约有20.6%的城市居民出现抑郁情绪;在一般人群中,有午睡行为尤其是午睡时长不超过30?min与抑郁情绪发生风险（OR=0.61,95%CI：0.47~0.79,P<0.01）、新发抑郁情绪风险（OR=0.66,95%CI：0.50~0.88,P<0.01）较低相关;在有抑郁情绪的城市居民中,仅午睡时长不超过30?min有利于抑郁情绪改善（OR=0.42,95%CI：0.21~0.82,P<0.05）。结论：2019冠状病毒病爆发期间,约有1/5的城市居民存在抑郁情绪,短时间的午睡可能是抑郁情绪的保护因素。     

二陈汤合桃红四物汤治疗非典型抗精神病药物所致痰瘀互结型代谢综合征的临床研究

[目的]观察二陈汤合桃红四物汤对非典型抗精神病药物所致痰瘀互结型代谢综合征以及精神症状的影响。[方法]选择2018年6月1日至2020年5月31日在浙江省精神卫生中心住院且符合精神分裂症、代谢综合征且中医辨证属于痰瘀互结证型的146例患者,按照2:1的比例随机分组,研究组98例予非典型抗精神病药物联合二陈汤合桃红四物汤加减治疗对照组48例予非典型抗精神病药物联合中药安慰剂治疗并分别于治疗前治疗后1、2、3个月末评定阳性症状和阴性症状评定量表(positive and negative symptom scale PANSS)、副作用反应量表(treatment emergent symptom scale,TESS)评分,并测量血压、体质量、腰围、臀围,检测空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯、总胆固醇水平。[结果]治疗前两组患者各生物学指标间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组比较,研究组治疗3个月后舒张压、腰围、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白指标显著低于对照组差异有统计学意义(P0.05);其他指标治疗前后及组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组比较,研究组治疗前PANSS、TESS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗3个月末普通症状显著降低差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]二陈汤合桃红四物汤可以改善非典型抗精神病药物所致痰瘀互结型代谢综合征患者的舒张压、腰围、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白指标,也可以改善这类患者情绪。     

藏医对真布病的临床证候分型研究

运用统计归纳的方法,对《四部医典》《秀多医学汇集》《八支集要·如意宝》《零星秘诀集》等十多部文献中的藏医疑难病症"真布病"的病因病机、证候分型等进行了研究。认为"真布病"的病因主要有寒、热之分;病机为三因素失调,黄水偏盛,聚于关节;证候主要为疼痛。     

Non‐pharmacological interventions to manage fatigue and psychological stress in children and adolescents with cancer: an integrative review

Cancer‐related fatigue (CRF) is the most stressful and prevalent symptom in paediatric oncology patients. This integrative review aimed to identify, analyse and synthesise the evidence of non‐pharmacological intervention studies to manage fatigue and psychological stress in a paediatric population with cancer. Eight electronic databases were used for the search: PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, LILACS, EMBASE, SCOPUS, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library. Initially, 273 articles were found; after the exclusion of repeated articles, reading of the titles, abstracts and the full articles, a final sample of nine articles was obtained. The articles were grouped into five categories: physical exercise, healing touch, music therapy, therapeutic massage, nursing interventions and health education. Among the nine studies, six showed statistical significance regarding the fatigue and/or stress levels, showing that the use of the interventions led to symptoms decrease. The most frequently tested intervention was programmed physical exercises. It is suggested that these interventions are complementary to conventional treatment and that their use can indicate an improvement in CRF and psychological stress.     

Lost in Summation: Depression Among African American Female Caregivers and Noncaregivers

Ethnic differences in mental health have been established using large between-group research designs. Across ethnicity, studies have found that caregivers are at increased risk for depression, but little is known about within-group variability in depressive symptomatology. African American caregivers and noncaregivers were compared on different factors of depressive symptoms as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression subscales. Caregivers reported significantly less positive affect than noncaregivers. Rates were similar for negative affect, somatic complaints, and interpersonal relations. Depression may present itself in different ways among African Americans in the caregiving context, and results suggest information may be lost when global measures of depression are used.     

The As and Ds of stress: metabolic, morphological and behavioral consequences

Unlike responses to acute stressful events that are protective and adaptive in nature, chronic stress elicits neurochemical, neuroanatomical and cellular changes that may have deleterious consequences upon higher brain functioning. For example, while exposure to acute stress facilitates memory formation and consolidation, chronic stress or chronic exposure to stress levels of glucocorticoids impairs cognitive performance. Chronic stress or glucocorticoid exposure, as well as impairments in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function are proposed to participate in the etiology and progression of neurological disorders such as depressive illness, anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). HPA axis dysfunction, impaired stress responses and elevated basal levels of glucocorticoids are also hallmark features of experimental models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as diabetic subjects in poor glycemic control. Such results suggest that stress and glucocorticoids contribute to the neurological complications observed in diabetes patients. Interestingly, many of the hyperglycemia mediated changes in the brain are similar to those observed in depressive illness patients and in experimental models of chronic stress. Such results suggest that common mechanisms may be involved in the development of the neurological complications associated with Anxiety, Depressive illness and Diabetes: the As and Ds of stress. The aim of the current review will be to discuss the mechanisms through which limbic structures such as the hippocampus and amygdala respond and adapt to the deleterious consequences of chronic stress and hyperglycemia.