中国8个长寿地区65岁及以上老年人抑郁症状影响因素分析

目的分析中国8个长寿地区老年人抑郁症状影响因素。方法利用"中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查"子队列-"老年健康生物标志物队列研究"。2017年8个长寿地区数据,共纳入2180名≥65岁老年人,采用logistic回归分析老年人社会人口学特征、行为生活方式、慢性病患病情况、功能状况、亲友和社会支持对抑郁症状的影响。结果中国8个长寿地区≥65岁老年人抑郁症状检出率为15.0%,其中男、女性抑郁症状检出率分别为11.5%和18.5%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,锻炼身体(OR=0.44,95%CI:0.26~0.74)、经常吃鱼类(OR=0.57,95%CI:0.39~0.83)、参加文娱活动(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.44~0.96)、参加社会活动(OR=0.28,95%CI:0.11~0.73)和能够享受社区服务(OR=0.68,95%CI:0.50~0.93)的老年人抑郁症状检出率较低。睡眠不足(OR=2.04,95%CI:1.49~2.80)、视力障碍(OR=1.54,95%CI:1.08~2.18)、患胃肠溃疡(OR=2.97,95%CI:1.53~5.77)、患关节炎(OR=2.63,95%CI:1.61~4.32)、家庭支出大于收入(OR=1.80,95%CI:1.17~2.78)和自评经济条件差(OR=4.58,95%CI:2.48~8.47)的老年人抑郁症状检出率较高。结论老年人是否锻炼身体、饮食有鱼类、参加文娱和社会活动、享受社区服务、睡眠时长、视力情况、是否有胃肠溃疡和关节炎与抑郁症状的检出率相关。     

孕期妇女体力活动变化对抑郁影响的队列研究

目的 探究孕妇在孕早-中期体力活动变化对孕中期抑郁的影响。方法 依托中国孕产妇队列研究·协和项目（2017年7月25日至2018年11月26日）,将有效完成孕早、中期体力活动和抑郁情况调查的2 454名孕妇纳入研究。采用国际体力活动短问卷和爱丁堡产后抑郁量表,调查研究对象孕早期和孕中期的体力活动和抑郁情况。以孕早期是否患有抑郁作分组。采用非条件logistic回归分析孕早期不患抑郁组的孕早、中期体力活动变化对预防孕中期抑郁的作用,在孕早期抑郁组中分析孕早、中期体力活动变化对减缓孕中期抑郁的作用。结果 孕妇基线和孕中期抑郁的检出率分别为23.83%和20.57%。调整年龄、文化程度、职业、家庭年收入和孕前BMI等因素后,logistic回归结果显示,对于基线不抑郁的孕妇,孕期增加和保持充足的体力活动能够预防孕中期抑郁（OR=0.479,95% CI：0.335～0.684;OR=0.566,95% CI：0.394～0.815）,但对于基线抑郁的孕妇,体力活动与减缓孕中期抑郁的相关性差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 孕期妇女增加和保持充足的体力活动对于抑郁有预防的作用,但对于孕早期已患抑郁的妇女来说,缓解效果不明显。应在鼓励孕妇加强体力活动的同时,开展抑郁筛查,以减少孕期抑郁的发生。     

The mediating effect of work–life interference on the relationship between work-time control and depressive and musculoskeletal symptoms

Objectives:Evidence shows that work-time control (WTC) affects health but underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Work–life interference (WLI) might be a step on the causal pathway. The present study examined whether WLI mediates effects on mental and physical health and contrasted these to other causal pathways.Methods:Four biennial waves from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH, N=26 804) were used. Cross-lagged analyses were conducted to estimate if WLI mediated effects from WTC (differentiating between control over daily hours and time off) to subsequent depressive and musculoskeletal symptoms. Other causal directions (reversed mediation, direct and reversed direct effects) and robustness of mediation (by including covariates) were examined.Results:WLI partially mediated the relationship of WTC (control over daily hours/time off) with both health outcomes. Indirect effect estimates were small for depressive symptoms (-0.053 for control over time off and -0.018 for control over daily hours) and very small for musculoskeletal symptoms (-0.007 and -0.003, respectively). While other causal directions were generally weaker than causal mediational pathways, they played a larger role for musculoskeletal compared to depressive symptoms. Estimates relating to control over time off were in general larger than for control over daily hours.Conclusions:Our results suggest that WLI mediates part of the effect from WTC to mental/musculoskeletal symptoms, but small estimates suggest that (i) WTC plays a small but consistent role in effects on health and (ii) particularly regarding musculoskeletal disorders, other causal directions and mediators need to be further examined.     

The role of social context in symptom appraisal and help‐seeking among people with lung or colorectal symptoms: A qualitative interview study

Prolonged diagnostic intervals are associated with poorer outcomes, and the patient interval appears to be a substantial contributor to the overall length of the diagnostic interval. This study sought to understand how the broader context of people's lives influenced symptom appraisal and help‐seeking, comparing experiences by length of the patient interval. Patients referred with a suspicion of lung or colorectal cancer were invited to complete a questionnaire about their symptoms, with 26 respondents purposively sampled to take part in a semi‐structured interview about their patient intervals. Embodied experience, appraisal, help‐seeking decision‐making and consultation were identified as component stages of the patient interval, with the factors affecting movement between these stages located in one of four contextual domains: individual experience, interpersonal relationships, healthcare system interactions and social and temporal context. The length of the patient interval was related to the type of symptom(s) experienced, discussion of symptoms with others and the social responsibilities people held during symptomatic periods. A contextual model of the patient interval illustrates the stages and domains of this interval, as grounded in the data from this study. The model has potential application to future studies examining the patient interval for a range of symptoms.     

Quality of life and sleep quality are similarly improved after aquatic or dry-land aerobic training in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial

Objectives

To compare the effects of two aerobic training models in water and on dry-land on quality of life, depressive symptoms and sleep quality in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Development of health‐related quality of life and symptoms in patients with advanced cancer in Greenland

A prospective national cohort study assessed the development of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and symptoms in adult patients undergoing treatment and care for advanced cancer in Greenland. HRQol was examined by EORTC QLQ‐C30 version 3.0 questionnaire monthly for 4 months. Changes over time and between‐group comparisons were examined. Of 58 patients included in the study, 47% completed the questionnaire four times. Functioning was generally high, and improved social functioning was observed after 1 and 2 months. The highest symptom score was for fatigue followed by pain and nausea/vomiting. A high score for financial problems remained unchanged during the entire period. Patients with higher income had reduced pain intensity (p = .03) and diarrhoea (p = .05) than patients with income below the poverty line. After 1 month, reduction in pain intensity was observed for Nuuk citizens compared with non‐Nuuk citizens (p = .05). After 2 months, non‐Nuuk citizens reported improved social functioning compared with Nuuk citizens (p = .05). After 3 months, Global Health in Nuuk citizens was improved compared with non‐Nuuk citizens (p = .05). An important clinical finding was that patients’ needs for support are related to social status, and geographical factors should be taken into account when planning palliative care.     

Serum lipid concentrations in Croatian veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder,post-traumatic stress disorder comorbid with major depressive disorder,or major depressive disorder

The aim of this study was to assess eventual differences in serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio between veterans with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) only or comorbid with major depressive disorder (MDD), veterans with combat experiences with MDD, and healthy control group. PTSD and/ or MDD were diagnose according to structured clinical interview based on DSM-IV criteria. Additional criteria to diagnose PTSD were Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), and to diagnose MDD Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRAS). Serum lipid concentrations were determined by using the enzyme-assay method. Veterans with combat-related PTSD as well as veterans with combat-related PTSD comorbid with MDD showed significantly higher concentrations of cholesterol (F=9.858, p<0.01), triglycerides (F=10.112, p<0.01), LDL-C (F=11.145, p<0.01), and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (F=8.346, p<0.01) vs. veterans with MDD or healthy control group. Contrary healthy control group and veterans with MDD showed significantly higher concentrations of HDL-C (F=8.421, p<0.01), vs. veterans with PTSD or PTSD comorbid with MDD. In conclusion, there are no differences in serum lipid concentrations between veterans with combat-related PTSD and PTSD comorbid with MDD, but they have higher lipid concentrations than veterans with MDD or healthy control subjects.     

大学生强迫症状问卷的编制及信效度分析

目的：对自编的大学新生强迫症状调查问卷进行心理测量学分析。方法：699名大学新生接受测验，使用SPSSl0．0for windows 2000和Amos4．0软件对所得数据进行分析处理。结果：大学新生强迫症状调查问卷有较好的内在信度和结构效度，总量表的克隆巴赫α系数为0．8541，验证性因素分析表明测量数据与量表结构拟合良好。结论：大学新生强迫症状调查问卷具有较好的心理测量学指标，各种强迫症状的维度是性强迫观念，完美化强迫信念，一般强迫思维。强迫行为习惯。     

Sublingual immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides monomeric allergoid down-regulates allergen-specific immunoglobulin E and increases both interferon-γ- and interleukin-10-production

BACKGROUND: The clinical efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for aeroallergens has been demonstrated in several trials, whereas the immunological changes induced by this treatment, which may account for the clinical improvement, are still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of a successful SLIT on the in vitro allergen-driven T cell response and cytokine secretion as well as on the serum levels of chemokines and of IgE, IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies (Abs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp)-sensitive patients with perennial rhinitic and/or rhinitic and asthmatic symptoms were randomized into two groups (13 untreated (UT) and 12 SLIT-treated) for a 1 year and half study. The proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) to purified Der p1 allergen, their cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-beta) production and serum levels of chemokines associated with T helper type 1 (Th1) (CXCL10) or T helper type 2 (Th2) (CCL22) responses and of Dp-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG4 Abs were evaluated before and after 6 months of treatment. RESULTS: SLIT induced a significant reduction of symptom medication scores after 6, 12 and 18 months of treatment in comparison with UT patients. SLIT-treated patients showed a significant decrease in serum levels of DP-specific IgE Abs, whereas total IgE, and specific IgG1 and IgG4 Abs remained unchanged. The proliferative response of allergen-specific T cells to Der p1 in vitro after 6 months of treatment was reduced, while no effect was observed on T cell proliferation to recall antigen (streptokinase). Moreover, Der p1-driven IFN-gamma and IL-10 were significantly increased in culture supernatants of PBMC from 6 month-treated patients in comparison with those detected at the beginning of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the allergen-driven enhancement of IL-10- and IFN-gamma-producing T cells precedes and associates with SLIT-induced down-regulation of specific IgE, thus providing a rationale to explain the clinical benefit of SLIT in allergic patients.