中西医结合治疗小儿急性化脓性扁桃体炎的临床分析

目的：观察中西医结合治疗小儿急性化脓性扁桃体炎的临床疗效。方法：两组均采用西医常规治疗,治疗组加用中药复方治疗,7d疗程结束后观察疗效。结果：治疗组有效率为92．00％;对照组有效率为76．00％。结论：中西医结合治疗小儿急性化脓性扁桃体炎是一种可有效缩短病程及提高治愈率的治疗方法与措施。     

Healthcare Utilization is High in Adult Patients Relapsing after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Disease relapse is the leading cause of death for patients with acute leukemia (AL) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who undergo allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Relapse post-HCT is associated with poor prognosis; however, inpatient healthcare utilization of this population is unknown. Here we describe survival, intensity of healthcare utilization, and characteristics associated with high resource use at the end of life (EOL). Adult patients with AL/MDS who underwent HCT at a large regional referral center with subsequent relapse between 2005 and 2015 were included in this retrospective study. We compared the distribution of demographic and clinical characteristics of patients as well as healthcare utilization over 2 years postrelapse and at EOL by postrelapse disease-directed therapeutic interventions. We created a composite score for EOL healthcare utilization intensity by summing the presence of any of the following criteria: death in the hospital, use of chemotherapy, emergency department, hospitalization, intensive care unit, intubation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or hemodialysis in the last month of life. Higher scores indicate more intense healthcare use at EOL. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to determine variables (demographic characteristics, postrelapse treatment group, advance directives documentation, palliative care referral, time to relapse) associated with EOL healthcare utilization intensity. One hundred fifty-four patients were included; median age at relapse was 56 years (interquartile range [IQR], 39 to 63), 55% were men, 79% had AL, and median time from HCT to relapse was 6 months (IQR, 3 to 10). After relapse, 28% received supportive care only, 50% received chemotherapy only, and 22% received chemotherapy plus cell therapy (either donor lymphocyte infusion, second HCT, or donor lymphocyte infusion plus second HCT). With the exception of time until relapse and Karnofsky Performance Status, baseline characteristics (gender, age, race, graft-versus-host disease, year of treatment) did not significantly differ by postrelapse treatment group. One hundred thirty-six patients (88%) died within 2 years of relapse; survival differed significantly by postrelapse treatment group, with those receiving disease-directed treatment showing lower risk of death. Healthcare use in AL/MDS patients after post-HCT relapse was high overall, with 44% visiting the emergency department at least once (22% at least 2 times), 93% hospitalized (55% at least 2 times, 16% at least 5 times), and 38% using the intensive care unit (median length of stay 5, days; IQR, 3 to 10). Use was high even among those receiving only supportive care. For those patients who died, the mean intensity score for EOL healthcare use was 1.8 (standard deviation, 1.8). Most patients (70%) had a marker of high-intensity healthcare utilization at the EOL or died in hospital. In multivariable analysis, an increase in age (estimate -.03 (95% CI, -.06 to -.003) and having AL versus MDS were significantly associated with a decreased EOL healthcare intensity score; no other variables were associated with intensity of EOL healthcare use. Healthcare utilization after post-HCT relapse is associated with receipt of disease-directed therapy but remains high across all groups despite known poor prognosis. Interventions are needed to minimize nonbeneficial treatments and promote goal-concordant EOL care in this seriously ill patient population.     

利用CONSORT声明评价2011至2015年《中国小儿急救医学》杂志临床试验研究报告质量

目的 利用CONSORT声明统计和评价《中国小儿急救医学》杂志上临床试验研究报告的质量.方法 检索万方数据库,收集从2011年1月至2015年11月发表在《中国小儿急救医学》杂志的所有文章,利用2010年CONSORT声明,对临床试验类的文章进行评价和分析.结果 在检索出的1317篇文章中,有62篇(4.7％)属于临床试验.参照CONSORT声明,所有文章均满足从1b到6b项标准(包括摘要,引言,方法中的实验设计、受试者、干预及结局报告的各项要求),而满足项目8a(描述产生随机分配顺序的方法)的有30篇(48.4％),满足项目8b(描述随机化的种类及任何限制)的有4篇(6.5％),没有文章满足项目9(描述实施随机分配顺序的方法,在实施干预前隐蔽分配顺序的步骤)和项目10(谁产生的分配顺序,谁登记的参加者,谁将参加者分配到各组中).在这62篇文章中,33篇(53.2％)所关注的结局为呼吸系统相关疾病,而关注结局为神经系统、循环系统和消化系统疾病的文章分别有5篇(8.1％)、4篇(6.5％)和4篇(6.5％).虽然62篇文章均提示结果有统计学意义,但只有38篇(61.3％)文章提及随机分组、7篇(11.3％)文章提及随访、5篇(8.1％)文章提及盲法,而在文中画出流程图的只有1篇(1.6％).结论 国内临床医生在《中国小儿急救医学》杂志上发表的临床试验报告并没有完全参照CONSORT声明.     

基础医学教育中培养护生职业人格的探讨

加强护生的职业人格培养是现代护理教育、护理事业发展的客观需要.职业人格培养的内容和途径十分丰富.基础医学教育中可通过“激发学习兴趣,培养稳定的职业操守;结合人文教育,培养正确的职业观念;加强实践教学,培养过硬的职业技能”来培养护生的职业人格,以提高护理人才的培养质量.     

Disordered breathing and oxygen desaturation during sleep in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD).

Seven patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) were monitored during their overnight sleep to determine the occurrence of disordered breathing and oxygen desaturation. Nasal and oral airflows were sensed by thermistor probes, chest wall movement by impedance pneumography and arterial oxygen saturation by ear oximetry. These variables were correlated with electroencephalographic and electrooculographic tracings. The subjects had a mean base line oxygen saturation of 89.2 per cent and slept an average of 218 minutes. Six of these seven subjects had one to 30 episodes of oxygen desaturation (decrease more than 4 per cent), 4 seconds to 30 minutes in duration, with declines in saturation as great as 36 per cent. In two subjects, saturation dropped to less than 50 per cent. Breathing was disordered in five of the seven subjects and included apnea and hypopnea. Subjects experienced from nine to 37 episodes of disordered breathing. Disordered breathing caused 42 per cent of the episodes of desaturation, all of which were less than 1 minute in duration. The mean maximum decline in saturation was 7.6 per cent. All episodes of desaturation lasting longer than 5 minutes occurred in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and were not caused by disordered breathing. The mean maximal decrease in saturation was 22 per cent. This study reveals that disordered breathing is common in subjects with COLD and often causes desaturation but that it cannot explain all episodes of sleep desaturation.     

Clinical Applications and Utility of a Precision Medicine Approach for Patients With Unexplained Cytopenias

ObjectiveTo demonstrate experience and feasibility of a precision medicine approach for patients with unexplained cytopenias, defined as low blood counts in one or more cell lineages, persistent for 6 months or longer, in the absence of known nutritional, autoimmune, infectious, toxic, and neoplastic (secondary) causes.Patients and MethodsPatients were evaluated in our clinic between November 8, 2016, and January 12, 2018. After a thorough evaluation of known causes, family history, and appropriate clinical assays, genomic evaluation was performed in a stepwise manner, through Sanger, targeted, and/or whole-exome sequencing. Variants were analyzed and discussed in a genomics tumor board attended by clinicians, bioinformaticians, and molecular biologists.ResultsSixty-eight patients were evaluated in our clinic. After genomic interrogation, they were classified into inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) (n=24, 35%), cytopenias without a known clinical syndrome which included idiopathic and clonal cytopenias of undetermined significance (CCUS) (n=30, 44%), and patients who did not fit into the above two categories (“others,” n=14, 21%). A significant family history was found in only 17 (25%) patients (9 IBMFS, 2 CCUS, and 6 others), whereas gene variants were found in 43 (63%) patients (34 [79%] pathogenic including 12 IBMFS, 17 CCUS, and 5 others]. Genomic assessment resulted in a change in clinical management in 17 (25%) patients, as evidenced by changes in decisions with regards to therapeutic interventions (n=8, 47%), donor choice (n=6, 35%), and/or choice of conditioning regimen for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (n=8, 47%).ConclusionWe show clinical utility of a real-world algorithmic precision medicine approach for unexplained cytopenias.     

Predictors of Left Atrial Thrombi and Spontaneous Echocardiographic Contrast in the Acute Phase After Cardioembolic Stroke in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Introduction: The underlying mechanism of the residual left atrial thrombus (LAT)/spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) after the onset of cardioembolic stroke (CES) is unknown. This study aims to investigate the utility of CHADS₂ and CHA₂DS₂-VASc scores for predicting LAT/SEC, and to investigate the risk factors of residual LAT/SEC after CES onset. Methods: This retrospective study included 124 patients who were admitted with the acute phase of CES at our center. The clinical, echocardiographic variables, the CHADS₂/CHA₂DS₂-VASc scores, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score were retrospectively assessed on admission. Results: Of 124 patients, LAT or SEC was detected in 39 patients (31.5%, 17 LAT and 38 SEC). Univariate analysis showed that the LAT/SEC group had a higher prevalence of nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, hypertension, the rate of anticoagulation before admission, higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, larger left atrial diameter, and elevated E wave. In contrast, the CHADS₂ and CHA₂DS₂-VASc scores were not associated with LAT/SEC. LAT/SEC was associated with nonparoxysmal AF and LV hypertrophy on multivariate analysis. Moreover, all patients were divided into 4 groups based on the combination between non-paroxysmal AF and LV hypertrophy. The rate of LAT/SEC was the highest (87.5%) in patients with nonparoxysmal AF and LV hypertrophy. Conclusions: Nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation and left ventricular hypertrophy were associated with residual left atrial thrombus/spontaneous echo contrast in the acute phase after cardioembolic stroke that was independent of the CHADS₂ and CHA₂DS₂-VASc scores.     

中医经验方加减治疗功能性消化不良46例疗效观察

目的观察中医经验方加减治疗功能性消化不良的临床疗效。方法将92例功能性消化不良患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各46例。对照组给予西药治疗,治疗组给予中医经验方治疗。2组用药后进行疗效比较。结果治疗组总有效率为93.48%高于对照组的71.74%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论中医经验方加减治疗功能性消化不良可显著提高疗效,值得临床推广应用。     

Balloon embolization to occlude a Blalock-Taussig shunt

Balloon embolization was used to successfully occlude a large residual Blalock-Taussig shunt. The use of an "upstream" nondetachable balloon catheter to reduce flow and turbulence during final positioning of the detachable balloon may have made the technique safer and more precise.