Communication in pediatric oncology: State of the field and research agenda

From the time of diagnosis through either survivorship or end of life, communication between healthcare providers and patients or parents can serve several core functions, including fostering healing relationships, exchanging information, responding to emotions, managing uncertainty, making decisions, and enabling patient/family self‐management. We systematically reviewed all studies that focused on communication between clinicians and patients or parents in pediatric oncology, categorizing studies based on which core functions of communication they addressed. After identifying gaps in the literature, we propose a research agenda to further the field.     

Triadic bed-sharing and infant temperature

The effects on infants of sleeping with their parents is currently the subject of much debate. One concern regarding infants who sleep in their parents' bed involves the possibility of overheating. Previous research reported a significantly greater core temperature of 0.1 degrees C among a cohort of bed-sharing infants compared with a matched cohort of infants sleeping alone. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the overnight rectal temperature of 12 of the 20 infants who were monitored sleeping alone and with their parents on separate nights at the University of Durham Parent-Infant Sleep Lab. No significant differences were found in all night rectal temperature, or temperature from 2 h after sleep onset between bed-sharing and cot sleeping nights. These preliminary analyses suggest a night-time difference in rectal temperature between routine bed-sharers and routine cot sleepers, however, these findings will be further explored in the full analyses for this study.     

The MDS-CHESS scale: a new measure to predict mortality in institutionalized older people

OBJECTIVES: To develop a scale predicting mortality and other adverse outcomes associated with frailty. DESIGN: Observational study based on Minimum Data Set (MDS) 2.0 and mortality data. SETTING: Ontario chronic hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: All chronic hospital patients (N = 28,495) assessed with the MDS 2.0 after mandatory implementation in July 1996 followed until May 1999. MEASUREMENTS: MDS 2.0 assessments done as part of normal practice mainly by registered nurses or multidisciplinary teams in a chronic hospital. Mortality data are available from the accompanying discharge tracking form. RESULTS: The MDS-Changes in Health, End-stage disease and Symptoms and Signs (CHESS) score is a composite measure addressing changes in health, end-stage disease, and symptoms and signs of medical problems. It is a strong predictor of mortality (P <.0001) independent of the effects of age, sex, activities of daily living impairment, cognition, and do-not-resuscitate orders. It is also strongly associated with physician activity, complex medical procedures, and pain (P <.001 for each dependent variable). CONCLUSIONS: The CHESS score provides a useful new MDS-based test to predict mortality and to measure instability in health as a clinical outcome.     

Sociodemographic and health characteristics of older Chinese on admission to a nursing home: a cross-racial/ethnic study

OBJECTIVES: To investigate sociodemographic characteristics (SDCs) and health status of older Chinese newly admitted to a nursing home (NH) and to compare them with the characteristics of residents from other racial/ethnic groups. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of the admission Minimum Data Set Plus (MDS+). SETTING: A New York City municipal NH near Chinatown. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred fifty-eight (125 Chinese, 57 white, 53 Hispanic, and 23 black) of 292 residents consecutively admitted from November 1992 to May 1997 were selected after excluding those younger than 60 or transferred from another NH. MEASUREMENTS: SDCs, health status parameters (cognitive performance, physical functioning, mood/behavior patterns, and psychosocial well-being), and morbidity information (most-frequent diagnoses/conditions and medication use) documented in or generated from the MDS+. RESULTS: The majority of these Chinese were first-generation immigrants and spoke primarily Cantonese or Mandarin Chinese. Compared with whites, they were more likely to be married, less likely to have lived alone, more likely to be using Medicaid, less likely to make medical decision alone, and more likely to depend on family members for decision-making. Nearly three-quarters of Chinese had cognitive impairment. There was an underdiagnosis of dementia in the Chinese subjects on admission. Severe dependence in activity of daily living was identified in more than one-third of Chinese. Fewer Chinese were using psychotropic medications on admission than the whites. Similar to other groups, many of the Chinese subjects were incontinent of bowel and bladder and had chewing or swallowing problems, hypertension, anemia, and stroke. CONCLUSION: This is the first systematic report of the SDCs and health status of a group of newly admitted older Chinese to an urban NH in the United States using the Minimum Data Set database. These findings suggest that Chinese residents are as frail as other racial/ethnic residents on admission. NHs caring for older Chinese need to be sensitive to the presence of dementia, and require a staff that can speak Cantonese and Mandarin Chinese and is comfortable negotiating with families who are more likely to be the designated decision makers.     

国家医药卫生领域科学数据共享网建设目的与现状

医药卫生科学数据共享工程由中国医学科学院等多家权威医学机构联合申请建设，其目标是是建立一个“在物理上合理分布、层次分明，在逻辑上高度统一、充分共享”的医药卫生科学数据管理与共享服务系统。目前已经展开了关于共享政策与机制、资源规划、标准规范、技术平台的研究，并建设形成了具有学科的专业数据中心。     

Recall of drug utilization depends on subtle structural questionnaire characteristics

Objective To test the hypothesis that questionnaire organization affects the recall of antimalarial drugs utilization. Setting Maputo, Mozambique. Methods Treatment of last malaria episode was assessed using two alternative versions (A and B) of a questionnaire, which differed only by the order each proposed drug was presented in the response options (version A: quinine and most frequently used drugs presented first; version B: less frequently used drugs first and quinine at the end). Questionnaires A or B were randomly assigned to each of 32 classes in a private University in Maputo, Mozambique. Within each classroom all subjects received the same questionnaire version, and a similar number of participants fulfilled questionnaires A (n = 249) and B (n = 255). Main outcome measures Recall of the antimalarial drugs utilization in a previous malaria episode. Results Mefloquine and clindamycin were not used by any subject in the last malaria episode. The overall recall of quinine utilization was higher with questionnaire A (19.5% vs. 11.6%, P = 0.006) and the use of artemisinine/artesunate was reported more frequently by subjects inquired with questionnaire B (16.5% vs. 7.3%, P = 0.012). When considering subjects reporting more than one malaria episode, the recall of quinine utilization was higher with questionnaire A (20.0% vs. 6.4%, P = 0.004), and the use of artemisinine/artesunate was reported more frequently by subjects inquired with questionnaire B (18.3% vs. 8.8%, P = 0.069). No differences were observed among those having had only one malaria episode, neither for quinine (22.2% vs. 20.0%, P = 0.807) or artemisinine/artesunate (5.0% vs. 6.7%, P = 0.701). Conclusion The structure of the questionnaire used to collect self-reported information about antimalarial treatments influences the recall, even when close ended questions asking for specific drugs are used. Among subjects having been treated for malaria more than once, the first antimalarial drugs being asked were more likely to be selected.     

青少年学生网络成瘾调查信息测评系统

目的方便调查人员对在校青少年学生进行网络成隐的调查,收集调查数据用于后期统计分析研究。方法用vb.net与SQLServer 2000开发C/S模式系统,系统含自动的逻辑控制。系统引用了网络成瘾测评量表、抑郁量表、焦虑量表和行为类型量表。结果系统管理员可对填写数据进行处理,系统可判断被调查者是否网络成瘾,并将调查结果存入数据库。结论该系统可用于群体调查和学生网络成瘾自测,有利于及时掌握在校学生的网络成瘾状况。