A Comparison Between Recipients Receiving Matched Kidney and Those Receiving Mismatched Kidney from the Same Cadaver Donor

The optimal allocation of cadaveric kidneys for transplantation with reference to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) match and sharing these organs to a distant center remains controversial. The current analysis was performed using the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database for cadaveric kidney transplants (Tx) between 1988 and 1997. The graft survivals of zero-mismatch (matched) kidneys with the mate (mismatched) kidneys were compared. There were 2385 donors and 4770 Tx. Significant differences in recipient demographics between matched and mismatched Tx were: fewer African-American race (AA) in the matched group (9.0% vs. 21.9%), higher number of previous Tx (25.5% vs. 14.8%) and elevated mean cold ischemia time (24.0 vs. 22.2 h). Post-Tx dialysis requirements were similar (22.8% vs. 24.1%, p = 0.62) and matched kidneys had to travel more distance (920 vs. 232 miles). Using a Cox model, the matched group had a decreased relative hazard of graft failure of 23.0% (p = 0.0002) or 35% (p < 0.0001) with and without censoring for death. There was significantly better graft survival in the matched recipients in all pairs except AA (matched) and non-AA (mismatched). For older donors (> or = 50 years, n = 1508), the matched grafts survival was marginally significant (p =0.05). Matched kidneys have improved survival compared with the mismatched kidneys despite the longer distance traveled. The benefit of mismatched transplants was predominantly seen in non-AA.     

Measuring behaviour: The tools and the strategies

Animal behaviour can be viewed as a stream of elements, which, once accurately described, can be counted and timed. Data acquisition techniques and tools are reviewed, and some strategies for collection and analysis of data using PC computers are suggested. Automated instruments are not satisfactory for the study of complex behaviour and as such systemic observation remains irreplaceable. IBM PC-type computers, with a wide range of analytical software (e.g., spreadsheets, statistical packages, technical graphics), are practical for data acquisition. Several systems which can satisfy different applications are reviewed. Some systems can communicate with a videorecorder, a facility which remarkably increases the accuracy of measurement; this is essential for meaningful analyses of the internal structure of behavioural streams (sequences, time patterns) or communication processes. The power of new tools enables behavioural measurement with the necessary complexity to allow a whole new set of questions to be addressed. However, it also increases demands for meaningful content and analysis of data.     

慢性鼻窦炎患儿家长疾病知识认知度调查

目的了解鼻窦炎患儿家长对儿童鼻窦炎相关知识的认知情况,为进一步加强卫生宣教、预防儿童鼻窦炎提供理论依据。方法对65名鼻窦炎患儿家长进行关于儿童鼻窦炎发病因素、临床表现、并发症以及对儿童生长发育影响等问题的问卷调查。结果调查显示95.4%的家长对儿童鼻窦炎知识缺乏了解,且知识获得途径单一。结论应通过各种途径加强儿童鼻窦炎知识的宣教,积极预防儿童鼻窦炎。     

Score Statistic to Test for Genetic Correlation for Proband-Family Design

In genetic epidemiological studies informative families are often oversampled to increase the power of a study. For a proband‐family design, where relatives of probands are sampled, we derive the score statistic to test for clustering of binary and quantitative traits within families due to genetic factors. The derived score statistic is robust to ascertainment scheme. We considered correlation due to unspecified genetic effects and/or due to sharing alleles identical by descent (IBD) at observed marker locations in a candidate region. A simulation study was carried out to study the distribution of the statistic under the null hypothesis in small data‐sets. To illustrate the score statistic, data from 33 families with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) were analyzed. In addition to the binary outcome DM2 we also analyzed the quantitative outcome, body mass index (BMI). For both traits familial aggregation was highly significant. For DM2, also including IBD sharing at marker D3S3681 as a cause of correlation gave an even more significant result, which suggests the presence of a trait gene linked to this marker. We conclude that for the proband‐family design the score statistic is a powerful and robust tool for detecting clustering of outcomes.     

中国部分地区妇幼卫生信息系统的现状分析

本文通过研究卫生 项目地区报表资料和现场调查 ,对项目地区妇幼卫生信息系统的建设及运作情况进行了分析 ,并对报表数据质量进行了评价。分析显示 :卫 项目推动了贫困地区信息系统建设 ,项目地区已建立起系统的妇幼卫生信息管理体系 ,但分析也反映出项目地区妇幼卫生常规报表的数据质量仍存在一定问题。分析结果提示 ,应进一步加强妇幼卫生信息系统建设 ,提高妇幼卫生统计信息专业队伍的业务水平。     

结合计算法和单一酶免法测定血清游离睾酮结果比较

目的　探寻测定血清游离睾酮 (FT)浓度的准确方法。　方法　 12 9例 45岁以上健康男性 ,按年龄分为 4组 ,收集血清标本 -40℃冻存。酶标免疫方法同批测定FT ,同时测定总睾酮 (T)和性激素结合球蛋白 (SHBG)并代入Vermeulen公式计算 :FT =T -2 3 .43FTSHBG -(T -2 3 .43FT) × 10 - 9mol/L。对两种方法测定结果进行统计学比较。　结果　 12 9例标本中酶免法FT为 (46.69± 2 1.79)pmol/L ,计算法为 (3 96.3 0± 3 17.0 4)pmol/L ,t =13 .0 1,P <0 .0 1,差异有非常显著性意义。两种方法测定FT浓度各年龄组间差异均有非常显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;与年龄相关分析差异均有非常显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ,相关程度计算法大于酶免法。FT/T平均百分数酶免法为 0 .2 3 % ,计算法为 1.42 %。　结论　结合计算法检测FT浓度较酶免法更科学、正确 ,更适用于老年男子部分性雄激素缺乏综合征 (PADAM )的诊断     

同位素扫描图象的数据传输：BCM—80—APPLEⅡ

本文介绍了1种由BCM-80单板机到AppleⅡ微机的图象数据传输方法。这种方法以盒式磁带作为传输工具,并采用AppleⅡ的磁带记录格式将由BCM-80所采集的同位素扫描图象数据传送到AppleⅡ微机之中,进行分析处理,然后输出1幅静止的易于识别和诊断的图象。此种方法不需要增加任何硬件,具有简单、可靠、传输速度快等优点。     

结直肠肿瘤多学科协作诊治模式的数据体系构建与运作策略

目的阐述在结直肠肿瘤多学科协作（MDT）诊治模式下,如何构建数据体系及其运作策略。方法阐明构建数据体系的原因,结合实践描述结直肠肿瘤数据体系的基本构成及如何支持数据体系的运行,探讨结直肠肿瘤MDT数据体系的价值反馈,并提出对数据体系建立未来的展望。结果通过会诊、随访、院内临床的支持及合理地实现MDT模式中信息化流程的建设,数据体系运行能正常进行。结论数据体系作为整个结直肠肿瘤MDT项目的基础,能够通过医疗模式的改变表现出医疗价值和社会价值。     

2006年四川省大骨节病病情调查结果分析

目的 了解四川省大骨节病病情现状.方法 对20个大骨节病病区县进行儿童右手X线检查、成人大骨节病病情调查,采集儿童发样及当地主食粮样进行含硒量检测.结果 儿童临床检出率平均为1.02%;X线检出率平均为2.12%(0～13.16%),其中10.00%及以上的病区村有13个.成人临床检出率平均为27.02%(3.34%～53.08%),其中Ⅰ度16.73%、Ⅱ度7.79%、Ⅲ度2.49%.儿童发硒水平平均为(0.289±0.079)mg/kg,粮食硒水平平均为(0.023±0.021)mg/kg.结论 四川省大部分地区儿童大骨节病病情处于控制或基本控制范围,但局部地区尚处于较高新发病水平,成人大骨节病病情较为严重.     

Transplant data: sources, collection and research considerations, 2004

The process of collecting and analyzing transplant data is complex. Familiarity with how these data are collected is crucial to a thorough understanding of the information. This article focuses on available OPTN-SRTR data and the continuing evolution of data collection mechanisms; how that data collection system is improving the data quality and reducing the data collection burden; how additional ascertainment of outcomes both completes and validates existing data; and caveats that remain for researchers. This year's article focuses further on research considerations related to cohort choice, timing of data submission, and potential biases in follow-up data. Ongoing improvements in data collection timeliness and scope are covered. The impact of extra ascertainment of outcomes, particularly for post-transplant kidney graft failure from Medicare data, are also examined. A section on graft failure reporting among different sources traces the steps by which the SRTR reconciles different data sources in its analyses. It is important that those reading and conducting transplant research understand the origin, structure, and scope of the available data. All of these issues should be carefully considered when choosing cohorts and data sources for analysis.