比较两种探针检查法对福建省12岁儿童龋病抽样调查的差异

目的:了解福建省12岁儿童龋病的患病现状,比较2种探针检查法对龋齿检出率的影响。方法:根据WHO《口腔健康基本调查方法》第3、4版,参照“第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查”,采取多阶段分层、等容量随机抽样的方法对福建省792名12岁儿童分别以CPI探针和5号探针检查龋齿。结果:2种探针检查法得出福建省12岁儿童的患龋率分别为32.83%和56.06%。CPI探针检查法得出在不同性别及城乡之间差异均无统计学意义。5号探针检查法得出女性患龋率大于男性(P<0.01)。与福建省2000年对12岁儿童进行的口腔健康抽样调查所统计的结果相比较,患龋率降低0.13%,龋均上升为21.17%。5号探针检出的患龋率及龋均均高于CPI探针的检出率。患龋率之间的差异为23.23%。结论:5号探针的龋检出率高于CPI探针的龋检出率。     

Use of the Significant Caries Index in quantifying the changes in caries in Switzerland from 1964 to 2000

OBJECTIVES: To follow the changes in the Significant Caries Index (SiC) and the DMFT during the period 1964-2000 in children aged 12 and 15 in the Canton of Zurich. METHODS: Examinations of random samples of children in 16 communities of the Canton were repeated every 4 years from 1964 onwards using the same standards for diagnosing caries. RESULTS: In the 12-year-olds, the children in the low tertile had virtually no DMF-experience from 1980 on. On the contrary, the SiC, based on the children in the highest tertile, decreased until 1996. At the age of 15, the zero-average in the low tertile was reached in 1992 but the SiC continued to decrease until 2000. In the 12-year age group the reduction of the SiC from 1964 to 1996 was 81.3% and for the overall DMFT it was 89.7%. The corresponding reductions for the 15-year-olds, in this case from 1964 to 2000, were 77.0 and 88.4%, respectively. The DMFT-counts in the total samples had substantially higher coefficients of variation than those in the highest tertile. As a consequence, the SiC had relatively smaller confidence intervals than the average DMFT. CONCLUSIONS: The SiC is a very useful measure of dental caries experience. On the basis of the results in the 15-year-old group, the target of an SiC below 5.0 is proposed. The decline of the SiC demonstrates that even in the high-risk children caries experience has been reduced substantially.     

Association of caries and treatment experiences with subjective symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in female adolescents

A 2-year cohort study of subjective symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) was performed. A total of 229 female adolescents, all 15 years of age, completed questionnaires and underwent dental examinations at baseline, 1- and 2-year follow-up surveys. The questionnaire included questions on typical TMD symptoms; i.e. temporomandibular joint (TMJ) noise, tiredness in jaws, pain on jaw movements, and difficulty in mouth opening. The relative risk was computed to determine the relationships of the baseline number of filled teeth (FT) and decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) increment with the incidence of TMD. The percentage of subjects with one or more subjective symptoms at 17 years of age was 30.6%, significantly higher than the percentages at 15 (17.0%) and 16 (19.7%) years of age (P < 0.01). The symptom-emerging rate of TMJ noise during the 2-year period was 13.5%, which was the highest among the rates of possible subjective symptoms. Individuals with a 2-year increment in DMFT of > or =2 had a 2.14-times increased risk of experiencing mild symptoms, and individuals with baseline FT of > or =3 had 2.41-times increased risk of experiencing mild or severe subjective symptoms. The results of this study showed that TMD symptoms occurred in a relatively high percentage of female adolescents during the 2-year period and suggested that DMFT is one factor affecting the incidence of TMD.     

Excerpts from Presentation on Epidemiologic Data and Changing Demographics

Dental surveys provide epidemiologic and sociodemographic data useful for program planning, implementation, and evaluation. Dental public health decisions in North Carolina have been based on statewide oral health surveys. Results from the 1986–87North Carolina School Oral Health Survey and a comparison of these data to previous survey results and to recent national estimates of oral disease provide a basis for the discussions and deliberations during the symposium.     

Ranking countries by dental status using the DMFT and FS-T indices

AIM: To test the hypothesis that the DMFT index does not adequately reflect the dental status as well as the FS-T index by comparing the country rankings of the DMFT and the FS-T indices in 18 and 35-44 year-olds in a range of countries. The FS-T is the number of filled or sound teeth and is a measure of functional status. METHOD: The DMFT data from WHO for 18-year-olds and 35-44-year-olds was used and FS-T index values were estimated for the 18-year-olds for 12 countries and for 35-44 age groups for 30 countries. RESULTS: The ranking by DMFT index scores was lower for developed countries than for developing countries. Despite the relatively high DMFT index in developed countries, their FS-T index was higher and therefore the developed countries ranked higher by FS-T compared to their ranking by DMFT. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that it may be more useful to use the FS-T index with the DMFT index in studies comparing dental status between countries.     

Oral health,academic performance,and school absenteeism in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a summary estimate of the association between oral health and academic performance.

2010年广西灵山县高中生龋齿患病情况调查

目的了解广西灵山县高中生恒牙患龋情况,探索发生龋齿的原因及防治对策。方法对灵山县在校学生每年进行1次学生健康检查。检查结果经数据统计处理后,对学生患龋率、龋均、龋失补率进行流行病学分析。结果学生总患龋率为19.44%,男生为15.58%,女生为23.19%;学生总龋均为0.48,男生为0.36,女生为0.60,患龋率和龋均在男女生之间有统计学意义差异(P0.01)。学生总体充填比率为14.79%,男生为17.31%,女生为13.31%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。不同年级学生患龋情况比较,患龋率高二学生最高(22.04%),充填比率高三最高(17.66%),患龋率和充填比率在高二与高三之间差异有统计学意义(P0.01);城镇学生患龋率为22.16%,农村学生患龋率为16.52%;城镇学生龋均为0.51,农村学生龋均为0.45,患龋率和龋均在城镇学生和农村学生之间差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。充填比率在城镇学生和农村学生之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论灵山县高中生恒牙龋均较高,患龋率较低,充填比率也较低,应继续加强口腔健康教育,进行定期检查、窝沟封闭和充填治疗,以降低患龋率和龋均。     

Risk assessment of dental caries by using Classification and Regression Trees

Objectives

Being able to predict an individual's risks of dental caries would offer a potentially huge natural step forward toward better oral heath. As things stand, preventive treatment against caries is mostly carried out without risk assessment because there is no proven way to analyse an individual's risk factors. The purpose of this study was to try to identify those patients with high and low risk of caries by using Classification and Regression Trees (CART).

Methods

In this historical cohort study, data from 442 patients in a general practice who met the inclusion criteria were analysed. CART was applied to the data to seek a model for predicting caries by using the following parameters according to each patient: age, number of carious teeth, numbers of cariogenic bacteria, the secretion rate and buffer capacity of saliva, and compliance with a prevention programme. The risks of caries were presented by odds ratios. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the results obtained by CART.

Results

CART identified high and low risk patients for primary caries with relative odds ratios of 0.41 (95%CI: 0.22-0.77, p = 0.0055) and 2.88 (95%CI: 1.49-5.59, p = 0.0018) according the numbers of cariogenic bacteria. High and low risk patients for secondary caries were also identified with the odds ratios of 0.07 (95%CI: 0.01-0.55, p = 0.00109) and 7.00 (95%CI: 3.50-13.98, p < 0.0001) according the numbers of bacteria and existing caries.

Conclusions

Cariogenic bacteria play a leading role in the incidence of caries. CART proved effective in identifying an individual patient's risk of caries.     

长治市城区小学7～9岁儿童患龋情况调查分析

目的：了解长治市城区6所小学7~9岁儿童龋病的发病情况,为儿童龋病的预防提供依据。方法：参照WHO《口腔健康调查基本方法》和《第三次全国口腔健康调查方案》,采用视诊、探诊等方法,对长治市城区6所小学的5 515名7~9岁在校小学生龋病的发生情况进行调查。结果：5 515名受检儿童患龋率为63.64%,龋均为1.8506,充填率为44.88%;随着年龄的增长,龋均、患龋率逐渐降低,各年龄组之间均有显著的统计学差异（P〈0.01）;9岁组儿童充填率明显高于7、8岁组儿童,有统计学差异（P〈0.01）;男女生的患龋率、龋均及充填率比较无显著的统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论：长治市城区6所小学7~9岁儿童的患龋情况突出,故应加强儿童龋病的早期防治。     

Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in schoolchildren – An epidemiological study

Background

To ascertain the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in schoolchildren dependent on armed forces personnel. To review the overall oral health using DMFT index and to evaluate any relation between increased DMFT index to existing orthodontic problems.

Method

Five schools were randomly selected among Army/KV/AF schools and a random sample of 1200 children aged 10–15 years old attending these schools dependant on armed forces personnel were selected. A survey form was filled up after the examination of children by the principal worker and need for orthodontic treatment was assessed using index for orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) and overall oral health status by DMFT index and totaled. Frontal intra oral photograph in centric occlusion were taken. Dental Health Component (DHC) of IOTN for all the patients was marked by one set of orthodontists. The most severe occlusal trait was identified by the examiner for any particular patient and the patient was then categorized according to this most severe trait. AC of the IOTN was assessed by second orthodontist, individual and a layperson.

Results

It was observed that prevalence of malocclusion in the sample was 53.7%. 32.8% (239 males & 154 females) of samples are in need of orthodontic treatment. 55.1% of samples shown no caries risk, 38.1% had moderate caries risk and 6.8% had high caries risk.

Conclusion

Significant percentage of the samples are in need for orthodontic treatment. There is significant relation between higher DMFT index and orthodontic treatment need. It was found that IOTN is a reliable and user-friendly index, which can be used for orthodontic surveys.