Oral health status of children with special health care needs receiving dental treatment under general anesthesia at the dental clinic of Taipei Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan

BackgroundOral health is crucial to individual growth and development. However, oral health care is often overlooked in children with special health care needs (CSHCN). We investigated current oral health status and unmet dental needs of CSHCN in Taiwan.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of consecutive CSHCN cases receiving first-time comprehensive dental treatment under general anesthesia at Taipei Veterans General hospital from 2001 to 2010. We retrieved clinical data including age, sex, types, and severity of disability, caries experience index [decayed, extracted, and filled teeth (deft) index for primary dentition/decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index for permanent dentition], malocclusion, and treatment modalities from medical charts for analysis. The correlation between different groups of CSHCN regarding the deft/DMFT indices and treatment modalities was analyzed statistically.ResultsOur study included 96 children, ranging in age from 2.4 years to 14.3 years (mean age 6.8 ± 3.3 years). The deft/DMFT index was significantly higher in the younger age group (2–6 years; 13.8 ± 4.3) compared with the older group (> 6 years; 10.5 ± 5.3; p < 0.001). The mean number of total treated teeth was 14.2 ± 3.8, and no differences existed among disability groups (p = 0.528) and age groups (p = 0.992). For the treatment modality, the number of pulp therapies with crown restoration was higher in the younger age group than in the older group. At the time of the study, 53 CSHCN had reached their full permanent dentition. We observed significantly more malocclusion of full permanent dentition in the older age group (91%) than in the younger group (35%; p < 0.001).ConclusionUnmet dental needs and caries experience indices remain high in CSHCN, regardless of the types and severity of disability. However, the younger the age at which CSHCN received their first dental treatment, the more effective the dental rehabilitation was. Parental education regarding early dental intervention and a preventive approach for enhanced oral care is mandatory.     

不同程度牙周炎患者龋病情况初步分析?

目的：探讨牙周炎患者与牙周正常者龋病情况的差别。方法通过曲面断层片、牙周探诊和问卷调查2014年1月至2015年6月到山东省千佛山医院口腔科就诊的456例患者(包括牙周正常140例，轻度牙周炎104例，中度牙周炎98例，重度牙周炎114例)，检查龋失补数、口腔卫生情况及生活习惯。应用SPSS19.0软件对调查结果进行统计学分析。结果牙周正常组、轻度牙周炎组、中度牙周炎组和重度牙周炎组龋补牙面数分别为(1.44±1.02)面、(1.82±0.91)面、(2.36±1.94)面和(2.89±2.42)面，牙周炎组龋补牙面数较高，与牙周正常组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；重度牙周炎组失牙数为（1.58±1.54）个，高于牙周正常组的(0.65±0.35)个，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；牙周炎组的简易牙石指数(CI-S)[(0.99±0.74)、(1.69±0.63)、(2.08±0.50)]、简易出血指数(SBI-S)[(1.21±1.05)、(1.87±1.74)、(2.56±1.09)]与牙周正常者的CI-S (0.60±0.32)、SBI-S (0.74±0.47)相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)，牙周正常者简易菌斑指数(DI-S)(0.67±0.52)要低于中度、重度牙周炎组[(1.59±1.05)、(1.87±0.77)]，但与轻度牙周炎组(0.87±0.73)比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)；饮茶者的龋病发病率低于不饮茶者(P<0.05），而抽烟者的龋齿发病率也低于不抽烟者(P<0.05)。结论牙周炎患者龋失补数高于牙周正常者，口腔卫生情况也比牙周正常者差，饮茶、抽烟也影响着龋病的发生。     

Dental caries among the elderly in Norway

Objectives: To describe the occurrence of decayed teeth (DT), missing teeth (MT), filled teeth (FT), and the total sum score DMFT in elderly Norwegian pensioners, 67 years or more. Basic procedures: A representative sample of 582 elderly Norwegians (12.5% receiving social care) participated in a nationwide study (46% men and 54% women). In all, 394 (68%) still had some of their own teeth. A standardized clinical examination was performed by one of the authors (BMH) using well‐defined criteria. Main findings: Mean DT was 0.46, FT was 8.4, and DMFT was 25.4. Mean number of root remnants was 0.11. Mean DT, FT, DMFT, and root remnants for the dentate participants were 0.67, 12.4, 24.1, and 0.17, respectively. Men had significantly higher DT than women. DT decreased with increasing age. Only small differences were found in the prevalence of dentate individuals with caries between gender, age groups, geographical regions, and residence in areas of varying population density. Conclusion: It seems that caries is a minor problem in the Norwegian elderly population. Age and the number of remaining teeth do not have a decisive role in the development of caries. Further, there are no differences in these respects between geographical areas in Norway.     

Dental caries and associated factors in Mexican schoolchildren aged 6–13 years

The objectives of the present study were to establish dental caries prevalence (percentage with caries) and experience in the primary and permanent dentition (dmft and DMFT) of 6 to 13-year-old schoolchildren in Campeche, Mexico, and to estimate the contributing roles of the likely risk indicators. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 1,644 children aged 6–13 years. Self-administered questionnaires obtained information on social, economic, behavioral, and demographic variables. The primary dentition of 1,309 children and the permanent dentition of 1,640 children were evaluated in the oral examinations. The main outcome measures were DMFT, dmft, and SiC indices. Data were modeled using logistic regression analysis. The overall caries prevalence was 77.4%, 73.6% in the primary dentition (61.6% in 6-year-olds), and 49.4% in the permanent dentition. The dmft and DMFT indices were 2.85±2.73 and 1.44±2.05, respectively (DMFT=3.11±2.62 in 12-year-olds). The SiC index was 6.05 at 12 years of age. Associated variables to dental caries in both dentitions were presence of enamel defects, presence of dental plaque, low socio-economic status, female sex, and older age. Mother's schooling was negatively associated (OR=0.95) with caries in primary dentition. Caries experience in the primary dentition (OR=6.02) was positively associated with caries in the permanent dentition. Dental caries status in these Mexican children was closer to the goals proposed by the WHO/FDI for 2000 than previous studies. This study has identified clinical, socio-economic, and behavioral determinants for dental caries in primary and permanent dentition on Mexican schoolchildren.     

深圳市1 497名小学生第一恒磨牙患龋分析

目的了解学龄儿童第一恒磨牙患龋情况，以帮助研究龋病防治工作的重点并提出对策。方法调查不同年龄组儿童第一恒磨牙患龋情况。结果在小学生中第一恒磨牙龋齿患病率和龋均随年龄的增长，呈明显的上升趋势；7、9、12岁年龄组儿童中，大部分恒牙龋齿都发生在第一恒磨牙；特别是在下颌第一恒磨牙。结论预防和治疗儿童龋齿的重点是第一恒磨牙，针对其好发部位应积极推广窝沟封闭。     

Dental caries experience in a young adult military population

Background : The purpose of this study was to investigate a group of young Australian adults to determine their caries experience and compare these current levels with similar aged cohorts over the past 30 years. Caries experience was also related to lifetime exposure of fluoridated water consumption.
Methods : This was achieved through a cross-sectional study involving Australian Army recruits seen for their initial dental examination at 1^st Recruit Training Battalion, Kapooka. A total of 499 recruits had a clinical examination with the aid of bitewing radiographs and an orthopantogram. Sociodemographic and fluoride history data were elicited via a questionnaire.
Results : Mean DMFT scores for age cohorts were: 17–20 years of age — DMFT 3.59; 21–25 years of age — DMFT 4.63; 26–30 years of age — DMFT 7.07; 31–35 years of age — DMFT 9.04. Subjects with a lifetime exposure to fluoridated water had significantly lower dental caries experience (DMFT 3.80) than subjects with no exposure to fluoridated water (DMFT 5.15).
Conclusions : It was found that there has been a decline in the level of caries experience in young Australian adults when the data from this study were compared to other ad hoc studies.     

Caries experience among publicly-funded dental patients in Australia, 1995-96: type of care and geographic location

Health card holders are a financially disadvantaged group and are the target population eligible for publicly-funded dental care. While their health status is generally worse compared with other Australians, there is also considerable variation among card holders. The aims of this study were to describe the oral health status of publicly-funded dental patients by type of care, geographic location and age, and to compare trends over time against other Australian studies. Patients were sampled randomly, based on date of birth, by State/Territory dental services in 1995-96. Dentists recorded oral health measures at the initial visit of a course of care using written instructions, but there was no formal calibration. The 6109 patients sampled were weighted in proportion to the numbers of publicly-funded dental patients for each State/Territory. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that caries experience measured by the DMFT index increased across older age groups (p < 0.05). For rural compared with urban patients, mean numbers of decayed and filled teeth tended to be higher. For emergency compared with non-emergency care, mean numbers of decayed and missing teeth were higher, and filled teeth lower. The findings of this monitoring survey document high levels of previous disease and treatment and indicate variation between subgroups of users of publicly-funded dental care. This included an uneven geographic distribution of oral health and disease, and variation in unmet treatment needs by type of course of care. Temporal comparisons indicate publicly-funded patients have experienced the population trend towards lower levels of tooth loss over time but have higher levels of untreated decayed teeth compared with the general population.     

Dental status of Portuguese HIV+ patients and related variables: a multivariate analysis

Oral Diseases (2010) 16 , 176–184 Objective: The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the dental status of 101 Portuguese HIV+ subjects aged 22–71 years (mean = 39) and its association with clinical, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables. Materials and Methods: A calibrated dentist performed clinical examination and collected data on dental caries, periodontal status, dental plaque levels, prosthetic conditions, and need. The volunteers completed questionnaires on socioeconomic and behavioral variables as well as the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14) questionnaire. Univariate and multiple logistic regression (MLR) analyses were performed. Results: The mean number of decayed, missing or filled teeth index (DMFT index) was 16.44, standard deviation (s.d.) = 8.42. MLR demonstrated that salaried employee and those with OHIP‐14 ≤4.22, or any/no dental plaque were less prone to have DMFT > median (=17). As regards prosthetic status, 28.8% of the examined individuals used dental prosthesis. MLR demonstrated that HIV+ with DMFT >17 or those who knew they were HIV‐positive for longer than 5 years were more prone to need dental prostheses. The mean OHIP‐14 index was 5.83 (s.d. = 7.79). Conclusions: The dental health status of HIV‐infected Portuguese patients was unsatisfactory and related to clinical, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables.