A mentorship-based preclinical elective increases exposure,confidence, and interest in surgery

Background

The predicted shortage of surgeons is of growing concern with declining medical student interest in surgical careers. We hypothesized that earlier exposure to operative experiences and the establishment of resident mentors through a preclinical elective would enhance student confidence and interest in surgery.

Methods

We developed a preclinical elective in surgery, which served as an organized curriculum for junior medical students to experience surgery through a paired resident-mentorship model. We assessed student exposure and confidence with clinical activities before and after the elective (N = 24, 100% response rate). We compared these students with a cohort of peers not enrolled in the elective (N = 147, 67% response rate).

Results

We found significantly improved confidence (2.8 vs 4.4) and clinical exposure (2.4 vs 4.3) before versus after the elective, with precourse scores equal to matched peers.

Conclusions

This elective incorporates elements that have been shown to positively influence student decision making in surgical career choice. The mentorship model promotes residents as educators, whereas the elective provides a means for early identification of students interested in surgery.     

Problem-based learning (PBL) and speech-language pathology: A tutorial

The aim of this tutorial is to provide an introduction to problem-based learning (PBL), particularly as applied to speech-language pathology (SLP) programs. The tutorial is aimed at the reader who is less familiar with this learning approach. Additionally, it serves as a framework for the articles that follow in this special issue on PBL programs in SLP and other clinical education programs. A brief history of PBL is provided and the rationale and context for this approach are identified. PBL is defined and differentiated from related educational approaches. Different models and variations of PBL are outlined. The key components of PBL are further illustrated using the tutorial cycle. Finally, we present one specific case of a PBL-based SLP program in detail. This tutorial will provide a deeper understanding of PBL for many higher educators in SLP. The strengths of this approach are outlined and the challenges are identified, particularly for those contemplating converting an existing “traditional” course or curriculum.     

英国考文垂大学成人护理专业方向本科课程设置及启示

该文介绍了英国考文垂大学成人护理专业方向本科课程设置,包括课程设置目标、课程设置的结构和内容、课程安排,并对其课程设置特色进行分析,以期为我国护理本科人才培养和课程改革提供参考。     

医药高职院校《医学文献检索》课程改革及效果评价

目的 通过构建“4+1”多维度考核模式——“态度+理论+实践+利用+创新”,并完善课程题库建设,探讨其在《医学文献检索》课程改革中的应用效果。方法 2023年2月至4月采取整群随机抽样法选取江苏卫生健康职业学院2019级药学专业进行《医学文献检索》授课的2个班学生为研究对象,其中3班54人为对照组,实施常规的考核模式;4班57人为试验组,完善课程题库建设并实施多维度考核模式。课程结束后,采用成绩分析、问卷调查等对教学改革效果进行评价。结果 试验组学生的该课程考试成绩优于对照组(P<0.05);试验组学生对该课程改革后的教学效果的满意度为78.95%,91.23%的试验组学生认为该课程改革有利于自学能力的提升。结论 《医学文献检索》课程改革取得较好效果,“4+1”多维度考核模式+题库建设能够有效提升医药高职学生《医学文献检索》课程的学习效果。     

Bewertung der ärztlichen Ausbildung an der McMaster Universität,Kanada, anhand des Konzepts der „Fallmethode“

Summary Students of three different levels and the chairman of the MD-Program evaluated the educational system of McMaster University, Canada, using the six criteria of the case method as defined by Renschler. This analysis provided a very differentiated evaluation of the McMaster curriculum, demonstrating a systematic progress of learning methods from the second to the last phase.The instrument showed differences in the ratings of the demonstrative lectures between the chairman and the students. Free access to patients and responsibility, gradually growing during the 3-year program, are important features of the educational system. The problem-based system provides a unique integration of acquiring theoretical knowledge in the basic sciences through clinical problem solving which was highly rated in all analysed phases. Ratings given by the interviewed students for evaluation of documented work were lower than expected by the chairman and the authors. The results are discussed in relationship to the McMaster Philosophy and to the conditions of studying medicine in America and in Germany.

     

安徽省手术室专科护士培训理论课程设置的构架

安徽省在手术室专科护士培训中,以2005年手术室专科护士培训大纲为指导基础,结合培训对象、培训时间、培训目标、学员专业水平与需求及手术室护理发展的趋势等,进行理论课程设置的构架,加强基础知识和相关学科的学习内容,体现手术室护理与其他学科的融合与交叉.专业理论培训结果显示,学员对教材编排比较满意.     

For the Sciences They Are A‐Changin’: A Response to Commentaries on Núñez et al.’s (2019) “What Happened to Cognitive Science?”

A recent issue of Topics in Cognitive Science featured 11 thoughtful commentaries responding to our article “What happened to cognitive science?” (Núñez et al., 2019). Here, we identify several themes that arose in those commentaries and respond to each. Crucial to understanding our original article is the fundamental distinction between multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary endeavors: Cognitive science began (and has stayed) as multidisciplinary but has failed to move on to form a cohesive interdisciplinary field. We clarify and elaborate our original argument and reiterate the importance of a data‐driven evaluation of the current status of the field, which exhibits a marked disciplinary imbalance, a lack of a coherent conceptual core, and a striking absence of a consistent curriculum in the institutions that grant degrees in this domain. Half a century after the creation of cognitive science, it may now be a good time to revisit goals and visions for how to best approach the ever‐fascinating scientific study of the mind(s).     

继续医学教育中PBL教学法初探

在成教医学基础课的教学中引入基于问题式学习法,可以提高成教学生的学习热情,培养学生综合能力、解决问题的能力和自学能力。