Real-world evidence on adherence and completion of the two-dose recombinant zoster vaccine and associated factors in U.S. adults, 2017–2021

IntroductionPoor compliance with adult vaccination recommendations contributes to substantial disease burden. Evidence on adherence, completion, and completion timeliness for the 2-dose recombinant herpes zoster vaccine (RZV) and factors associated with these outcomes is limited and not readily generalizable for the entire U.S.MethodsThis retrospective, observational study examined adherence, completion, and the impact of sociodemographic, clinical and geographical factors among U.S. adults ≥ 50 years receiving RZV (4/20/2017 to 3/31/2021), using a large, geographically representative administrative claims database. Continuous enrollment in a medical benefit plan for six months prior to and following the index date (first observed vaccine dose) was required. Adherence was defined as receipt of the 2nd dose within 2–6 months, per label recommendation. Completion (receipt of all doses) was assessed at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months.ResultsAmong 726,352 adults included, the adherence rate was 71.8%. Among 208,311 adults with 24–month follow-up, the completion rate was 72.3% after 6 months and 86.2% after 24 months. Logistic regression showed low adherence/completion was associated with younger age, Black or Hispanic race/ethnicity, lower income, lower educational attainment, and possessing commercial rather than Medicare healthcare insurance. Recipients identified using pharmacy claims had much higher adherence (74.0%) than those identified using medical claims (48.0%).ConclusionsAdherence and completion rates for RZV are suboptimal, especially for adults aged 50–64, racial/ethnic minorities, individuals with lower socio-economic status and those without Medicare insurance. More research and public health efforts are needed to understand and address potential barriers to RZV uptake, adherence and completion.     

育龄人群弓形虫感染现状调查分析

目的：调查和分析育龄人群的弓形虫( TOX)感染现状。方法选取500例孕妇和500例未出现TOX感染症状的健康人,分别作为孕妇组和健康组。对所有研究对象的一般资料、宠物接触史及孕妇组研究对象不良妊娠史进行调查和分析。结果健康组、孕妇组近期TOX感染率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.578,P>0.05)。健康组、孕妇组中有宠物接触史者的近期TOX感染率均显著高于无宠物接触史者(χ2值分别为33.196、20.436,均P<0.05)。孕妇组中具有不良妊娠史者的近期TOX感染率显著高于无不良妊娠史者(χ2=17.837,P<0.05)。孕妇组TOX感染知晓率显著高于健康组(χ2=27.127,P<0.05),年龄(<25岁)、非生物医学相关职业、居住地位于农村地区、学历较低(小学及以下)均是知晓TOX感染的危险因素( OR值分别为1.612、3.287、1.455、2.673,均P<0.05)。结论育龄人群的TOX感染知晓情况受多种人口学因素影响,TOX感染与孕妇不良妊娠史的发生具有相关性,宠物接触史可增加TOX感染风险。     

Receptivity of the mandible versus the maxilla to external stimuli in patients with complete dentures

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate whether the mandible is more receptive to external stimuli than the maxilla in patients with complete dentures by comparing regional current perception thresholds (CPTs) and pain threshold (PTs).MethodsA single operator obtained measurements from maxillae at the incisor foramen and the left side of the greater palatine foramen region and the mandible at the left side of the mental foramen region, using the Neurometer CPT/C device, CPT and PT values from the oral mucosa of 20 edentulous individuals wearing complete dentures were analyzed. Participant characteristics such as mucosal thickness, occlusal force, age, and sex. Mucosal thickness over target regions and occlusal force were measured by the same operator using Krupp SDM and Occlusal Force-Meter GM10s devices. Differences in CPT and PT among the three measurement regions were tested with an analysis of covariance, and post hoc t-tests with the Bonferroni correction.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the mental foramen, incisor papilla, and greater palatine regions CPT values. PTs obtained at all current frequencies (2000 Hz, 250 Hz, and 5 Hz) were lowest in the mental foramen region and highest in the greater palatine region. Covariates including sex, mucosal thickness, and occlusal force had no significant influence on CPT or PT values at all frequencies.ConclusionsThe mandible exhibits higher receptivity to external pain stimuli than the maxilla.     

2010年广西学生常见病患病现状

目的掌握广西学生体质与健康现状和发展变化情况,为制定广西学校体育卫生工作发展规划、科学开展学校体育卫生工作提供科学依据。方法按照《2010年全国学生体质健康调研工作手册》的相关要求,对广西5个市的19 859名学生患病现状进行调查,并与2000年的调查数据进行比较。结果广西学生低体重检出率(34.29%)、贫血率(14.76%)、肠道蛔虫感染率(5.99%)低于2000年,而视力低下率(59.50%)、超重率(7.65%)及肥胖检出率(4.40%)、龋齿患病率(44.64%)高于2000年。结论广西相关部门今后在制定学校体育卫生工作时,工作重点应向保护视力、调整膳食结构、防治龋齿方面倾斜。     

我国卫生杀虫剂应用现状和行业导向

本文重点介绍了我国卫生杀虫剂在有害生物防制中的应用现状及趋势,以及有害生物防制业的发展导向等。     

保山市2003—2008年疟疾疫情分析

目的分析云南省保山市疟疾发病情况，以便采取有效的控制措施。方法对保山市2003—2008年的疟疾疫情和防治措施进行研究分析。结果保山市2003—2008年共有确诊的疟疾病例15762例。发病率为108．63／10万，占总报告传染病的36．95％，位居报告传染病之首；死亡31例，死亡率为0．21／10万，病死率为1．97％。其中间日疟11128例，占总发病数的70．60％；恶性疟3675例，占23．32％；混合感染93例，占0．59％：未分型866例，占5．49％。发病以外源性为主，占总发病数的94．87％。发病最高的是腾冲县，共发9021例，占全市发病数的57．23％，发病最低的是昌宁县，共发37例，占0．23％。2005年发病最高，共发3940例，占各年份发病总数的44．58％。通过认真完成“全球基金疟疾项目”，“中央财政转移支付疟疾项目”和常规疟疾防治的各项工作内容．取得了明显的防治效果。发病从2003年的2585例下降到2008年的1116例，下降率为56．83％。结论保山市2003—2008年的疟疾疫情自2005年回升以后每年都有所下降，说明采取的措施是有效的，可以继续按照目前这种主要围绕血检、现症病人治疗、休止期根治、流动人口管理、主动病例侦察、内源性疫点处理、重点人群发放预防药和进行卫生宣教等综合性防治措施开展防治，以进一步降低疟疾发病水平。     

卢氏县中药材生产统计与优势品种连翘产业发展分析

目的 对卢氏县中药材种植面积、种类，连翘种植情况，中药材产业发展现状进行分析，为卢氏县中药材发展提供参考数据。方法 梳理各级政府及媒体官方发布的文件、报告数据，以及中国中药协会中药区划与生产统计专业委员会抽样调查数据，对卢氏县2021年中药材整体情况及连翘种植情况进行多维分析。结果 抽样调查显示，卢氏县中药材种植总面积为69.76万亩（1亩≈666.67 m²），其中连翘种植总面积52.41万亩，占总面积的74.74%，种植区域几乎遍布各个乡镇，文峪乡、徐家湾乡、范里镇连翘种植面积分别占总种植面积的19.48%、12.46%、8.13%。连翘的种植面积在空间上呈现随机分布特征。结论 研究结果从各方面基本能客观反映出卢氏县药材种植整体现状，作为连翘之乡的连翘种植产业呈健康发展态势。统计结果为卢氏县中药材产业发展提供数据支撑。     

手术室与供应室一体化运作管理现状及前景

本文通过对国内外实施手术室与供应室一体化管理模式的状况进行总结，从环境布局、人员及设施配备、工作流程、一体化优势和待解决的问题及发展前景等方面阐述，体现了一体化模式的发展趋势，也为此模式的推广提供可借鉴的经验。     

慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液与尿道分泌物支原体感染情况分析

目的探讨支原体在慢性前列腺炎患者的前列腺液与尿道分泌物中的感染情况以提高慢性前列腺炎的诊治水平。方法选取笔者所在医院2011年1～12月收治的329例慢性前列腺炎患者,随机分为实验组(165例)与对照组(164例),其中对照组采集前列腺按摩液送检培养支原体,实验组采集尿道分泌物送检培养支原体,培养24h和48h后观察培养结果。结果 329例慢性前列腺炎患者两组标本结果:实验组支原体培养呈阳性占该组患者的47.27%远高于对照组24.39%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组间UU阳性率实验组41.81%远高于对照组21.94%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而对照组与实验组的MH以及MH+UU的阳性率与弱阳性性率结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论本研究表明采取规范的标本采集方法和选择合适的标本采集部位可提高支原体阳性检出率,因而在临床实践中对于慢性前列腺炎患者如检测支原体可优先考虑选择取尿道分泌物可提高对支原体的临床检出率。     

唐山市丰南区流动餐桌承办农村集体聚餐的现状与对策

目的探讨流动餐桌承办农村集体聚餐活动的食品安全监督管理对策,确保广大人民群众集体聚餐的食品安全。方法通过对唐山市丰南区农民对流动餐桌认知程度及现状调查,分析其存在问题,探讨解决对策。结果该区现有流动餐桌65个,均无营业执照,从业人员328人,取得健康证明的只有12人,占3.7%;餐具采用化学消毒的只有3个,占4.6%;只清洗不消毒的62个,占95.4%。加工时均未携带冷藏设施,采购食品时,均未索证。调查247名村民均参加过流动餐桌承办的宴席。结论流动餐桌承办农村集体聚餐存在食品安全隐患,流动餐桌监管法律依据及体制需进一步完善,在农村应广泛宣传食品安全知识,促进流动餐桌行业健康发展。