奇异变形杆菌耐药性研究进展

奇异变形杆菌是临床重要的条件致病菌,可以引起消化道、泌尿道等各种类型的感染。其导致的感染尤其是尿路感染病情严重、持久难治。近年来,有关奇异变形杆菌的耐药报道日益增多,其耐药性呈上升趋势。本研究主要从奇异变形杆菌对-内酰胺类、喹诺酮类等常见抗菌药物的耐药性着手,通过描述其生物学特征、耐药机制、主要耐药基因类型及流行情况、临床感染及治疗情况、未来发展趋势5个方面来介绍奇异变形杆菌耐药性的研究进展。     

PBL教学法在核医学理论教学中的应用研究

目的探讨PBL教学法在核医学理论教学中的应用效果。方法选取我院2019年9月—2020年10月参加核医学课程学习的医学专业的本科学生92名,用随机数字法分为对照组和研究组,每组各46名,对照组应用传统教学法,研究组应用PBL教学法。对两组学习情况(理论知识、阅片能力、临床技能)、教学效果满意度以及自评评价(有无提高自身学习主动性、有无提高自身表达能力、有无提高自身查阅文献的能力、有无增强自身对于影像诊断的分析和思维能力)进行比较。结果研究组学习情况优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组教学效果满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。研究组自评评价优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论在核医学理论教学中,应用PBL教学法,有效提高教学效果,加强学生对理论知识的记忆,具有可行性,同时,增强学生的综合素质,并提升临床综合能力,值得在临床上进一步推广应用。     

Selective Mapping of Deep Brain Stimulation Lead Currents Using Acoustoelectric Imaging

We describe a new application of acoustoelectric imaging for non-invasive mapping of the location, magnitude and polarity of current generated by a clinical deep brain stimulation (DBS) device. Ultrasound at 1MHz was focused near the DBS device as short current pulses were injected across different DBS leads. A recording electrode detected the high-frequency acoustoelectric interaction signal. Linear scans of the US beam produced time-varying images of the magnitude and polarity of the induced current, enabling precise localization of the DBS leads within 0.70mm, a detection threshold of 1.75mA at 1 MPa and a sensitivity of 0.52 ± 0.07 μV/(mA*MPa). Monopole and dipole configurations in saline were repeated through a human skullcap. Despite 13.8-dB ultrasound attenuation through bone, acoustoelectric imaging was still >10dB above background with a sensitivity of 0.56 ± 0.10 μV/(mA*MPa). This proof-of-concept study indicates that selective mapping of lead currents through a DBS device may be possible using non-invasive acoustoelectric imaging.     

Longitudinal outcomes of using a fluoride performance measure for adults at high risk of experiencing caries

BackgroundStaff of the VA Office of Dentistry, the dental care arm of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs' Veterans Health Administration, developed a performance measure (PM) regarding appropriate fluoride use. The authors hypothesized that after the implementation of this PM, veterans at high risk of experiencing caries would require fewer new dental restorations than in the past.MethodsIn a retrospective longitudinal analysis, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of a PM in reducing restoration rates in veterans at high risk of experiencing caries. They evaluated changes in restoration rates for all eligible veterans, as well as the subpopulation at high risk of experiencing caries (defined as receiving two or more restorations in 12 months) both before and after the implementation of the PM.ResultsIn 2012, 81 percent of clinics provided fluoride for more than 90 percent of their patients at high risk of experiencing caries. After use of the PM for four years, there were 8.6 percent fewer patients needing two or more restorations, a 10.8 percent decrease in the mean number of restorations and a modest 3.4 percent fewer patients at high risk of experiencing caries who required new restorations after the initial 12-month period.ConclusionsFluoride use for patients at high risk of experiencing caries rose from 51.8 percent in 2008 to 93.6 percent in 2012. Restoration rates rose before implementation of the PM and fell consistently after its implementation.Practical ImplicationsFluoride use reduces the need for future restorations in adults at high risk of experiencing caries.     

A Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Group Intervention for Hypersexual Disorder: A Feasibility Study

BackgroundThe proposed criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition for hypersexual disorder (HD) included symptoms reported by patients seeking help for excessive and out-of-control non-paraphilic sexual behavior, including sexual behaviors in response to dysphoric mood states, impulsivity, and risk taking. Although no prior studies of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of HD have been performed, CBT has been found effective for dysphoric mood states and impulsivity.AimTo investigate the feasibility of a CBT manual developed for HD explored through symptom decrease, treatment attendance, and clients’ treatment satisfaction.MethodsTen men with a diagnosis of HD took part in the CBT group program. Measurements were taken before, during, and at the end of treatment and 3 and 6 months after treatment.OutcomesThe primary outcome was the Hypersexual Disorder: Current Assessment Scale (HD:CAS) score that measured the severity of problematic hypersexual symptoms and secondary outcomes were the Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory (HDSI) score, the proportion of attended sessions, and the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) score.ResultsMain results were significant decreases of HD symptoms from before to after treatment on HD:CAS and HDSI scores and a decrease in the number of problematic sexual behaviors during the course of therapy. A high attendance rate of 93% and a high treatment satisfaction score on CSQ-8 also were found.Clinical ImplicationsThe CBT program seemed to ameliorate the symptoms of HD and therefore might be a feasible treatment option.Strengths and LimitationsThis study provides data from a CBT program for the treatment of the specific proposed criteria of HD. Because of the small sample and lack of a control group, the results can be considered only preliminary.ConclusionAlthough participants reported decreased HD symptoms after attending the CBT program, future studies should evaluate the treatment program with a larger sample and a randomized controlled procedure to ensure treatment effectiveness.Hallberg J, Kaldo V, Arver S, et al. A Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Group Intervention for Hypersexual Disorder: A Feasibility Study. J Sex Med 2017;14:950–958.     

卵巢早衰的治疗现状及进展

卵巢早衰(POF)对妇女内分泌功能与生育能力具有严重影响,近年来其发病率呈逐年上升的趋势。如何有效改善卵巢功能、恢复生育力是治疗的关键,目前西医治疗方法主要包括激素替代治疗、赠卵移植、低温保卵技术、卵巢移植、免疫疗法、心理治疗等,在该病方面取得一定成绩,但尚未达到满意效果。近年来,干细胞与基因治疗在动物试验中取得一定进展,本文就卵巢早衰的治疗现状与研究进展进行综述。     

育龄妇女生殖道感染情况及影响因素分析

目的：了解育龄妇女生殖道感染现状及影响因素。方法随机选择2014年1月-2014年12月在该院进行生殖健康检查的400例育龄妇女,对其进行问卷调查、常规妇科检查和实验室检查。结果育龄妇女生殖道感染患病率为46.0%。发病率居前五位的疾病依次为：慢性宫颈炎,发病率67.75%;念珠菌性阴道炎,发病率5.25%;滴虫性阴道炎,发病率13.75%;细菌性阴道病,发病率8.25%;念珠菌性阴道炎,发病率5.25%;慢性盆腔炎和附件炎,发病率4.25%。年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、流产史、避孕方式五个因素是生殖道感染的独立影响因素。结论育龄女性生殖道感染存在多种危险因素,应针对这些因素大力开展健康教育和健康干预。     

全国初治涂阴肺结核病例登记现状分析

目的 分析全国各省初治涂阴肺结核病例登记现状,为评价初治涂阴肺结核病例诊断质量提供依据.方法 根据2004-2005年全国结核病防治规划报表中初治涂阴和初治涂阳肺结核病例登记资料,分析各省2年初治涂阴肺结核病例登记率变化和增长幅度;统计各省及不同地区初治涂阴与初治涂阳肺结核病例登记率;对各省初治涂阴与初治涂阳肺结核病例登记率进行直线回归分析.结果 2005年全国登记初治涂阴肺结核病例316 405例,登记率为24.27/10万,各省登记率在6.01/10万～72.17/10万;2005年登记初治涂阴病例数比2004年增加了19.9%,其中2个省登记数呈负增长,其余各省登记数增长了0.5%～62.3%;2005年全国初治涂阳病例登记率是涂阴病例登记率的1.5倍,其中23个省初治涂阳病例登记率高于涂阴病例登记率,8个省相反;初治涂阴病例占初治涂阳病人登记率的比例,京津沪地区为149.28%,非项目地区为83.6%,项目地区为50.3%;对涂阳和涂阴病例登记率进行直线回归分析,回归方程y=22.342＋0.563 6x.结论 对初治涂阴肺结核患者实行免费政策后,全国涂阴肺结核病例登记率提高.但各省初治涂阴病例登记率和增长幅度以及涂阴病例登记率与涂阳病例登记率的比例悬殊.由于涂阴病例诊断困难,对于涂阴病例登记率高或增长幅度大的地区,特别在DOTS执行时间短和人力资源有限的地区,应对涂阴病例诊断质量予以进一步检查和评价.     

Accuracy of administrative claims data to identify dose specific rotavirus vaccination information: Implications for studies of vaccine safety

BackgroundThe accuracy of vaccine administration information recorded in administrative claims databases is uncertain.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using the HealthCore Integrated Research Database^SM among infants who received at least 1 RotaTeq^® (RV5) dose during the first year of life between February 1, 2006 and November 30, 2012 and were enrolled in the health plan at birth. We reviewed medical records for a sample of infants to validate vaccine administration information.ResultsWe identified 169,560 infants who received at least 1 RV5 dose. Medical records were obtained for 85 infants, of which 74 (PPV1 87.1%; 95% CI 78.0–93.4%) had a corresponding first RV5 vaccination in the medical record with the same or similar administration date.ConclusionsAdministrative claims contained inaccuracies in dose number or administration date for 13% of RV5 first doses identified.