新形势下病理档案资料的管理

随着医院信息化建设的发展,病理档案资料数字化储存已成必然趋势。新形势下病理档案资料的管理内容也发生了相应的变化,主要是朝向数字化和信息化发展。病理档案资料数字化储存内容主要包括文字资料及病理切片。病理档案资料数字化及信息化方便了病理档案的借阅和存储,提升了病理档案的管理和利用效率,同时为建立肿瘤标本资源库提供了保障,实现了资源共享,促进了远程医疗的发展,提高了医疗服务质量。我们从病理档案资料的保存、管理人员的培训、知识产权的保护、借阅制度的实施、到期资料的处理五个方面对新形势下病理档案资料管理中可能出现的问题提出了解决方案和建议,为病理档案资料管理的发展指明了方向。     

Changes in the National Endovascular Management of Femoropopliteal Arterial Disease: An Analysis of the 2011–2019 Medicare Data

PurposeTo describe national trends in the utilization of endovascular approaches (including balloon angioplasty, atherectomy, and stent placement) for the management of femoropopliteal peripheral arterial disease (PAD).Materials and MethodsThe Medicare Physician/Supplier Procedure Summary dataset containing 100% of Part B claims was interrogated for years 2011–2019. The Current Procedural Terminology codes specific for femoropopliteal angioplasty, stent placement, and atherectomy were used to create summary statistics for utilization by year, place of service (hospital inpatient, hospital outpatient, and office-based laboratory), and provider specialty (cardiology, radiology, and surgery).ResultsThe use of atherectomy increased from 34,732 (33%) procedures in 2011 to 75,435 (53%) procedures in 2019, and atherectomy became the dominant treatment strategy for femoropopliteal PAD. The relative utilization of stent placement (36,793 [35%] to 28,899 [20%]) and angioplasty only (34,398 [32%] to 38,228 [27%]) decreased concomitantly from 2011 to 2019. By 2019, the use of atherectomy was twofold higher in office-based laboratories than in the outpatient hospital setting (44,767 and 20,901, respectively). Treatment strategy varied by provider specialty in 2011 when cardiologists used atherectomy most frequently (17,925 [43%]), whereas radiologists used angioplasty alone (5,928 [6%]) and surgeons stented (18,009 [37%]) most frequently. By 2019, all specialties utilized atherectomy most frequently (29,564 [59%] for cardiology, 10,912 [58%] radiology, and 33,649 [47%] surgery).ConclusionsThe national approach to endovascular management of femoropopliteal PAD has changed since 2011 toward an implant-free strategy, including a multifold increase in the use of atherectomy. Discordant rates of atherectomy use between the ambulatory hospital and office-based settings highlight the need for comparative effectiveness studies to guide management.     

Association between first oral examination characteristics and dental treatment needs in privately insured children: A claims data analysis

BackgroundEarly childhood caries (ECC) remains the most common, preventable infectious disease among children in the United States. Screening is recommended after the eruption of the first tooth, but it is unclear how the age at first dental examination is associated with eventual restorative treatment needs. The authors of this study sought to determine how provider type and age at first dental examination are associated longitudinally with caries experience among children in the United States.MethodsDeidentified claims data were included for 706,636 privately insured children aged 0 through 6 years as part of the nationwide IBM Watson Health Market Scan (2012-2017). The authors used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to describe the association between the age of first visit and restorative treatment needs.ResultsA total of 21% of this population required restorative treatment, and the average age at first dental examination was 3.6 years. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model showed increased hazard for restorative treatment with age at first dental visit at 3 years (hazard ratio, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.97 to 2.13) and 4 years (hazard ratio, 3.99; 95% CI, 3.84 to 4.16).ConclusionThe high proportion of children requiring restorative treatment and late age at first dental screening show needed investments in educating general dentists, medical students, and pediatricians about oral health guidelines for pediatric patients.Practical ImplicationsCommunicating the importance of children establishing a dental home by age 1 year to parents and health care professionals may help reduce disease burden in children younger than 6 years.     

卵巢早衰的治疗现状及进展

卵巢早衰(POF)对妇女内分泌功能与生育能力具有严重影响,近年来其发病率呈逐年上升的趋势。如何有效改善卵巢功能、恢复生育力是治疗的关键,目前西医治疗方法主要包括激素替代治疗、赠卵移植、低温保卵技术、卵巢移植、免疫疗法、心理治疗等,在该病方面取得一定成绩,但尚未达到满意效果。近年来,干细胞与基因治疗在动物试验中取得一定进展,本文就卵巢早衰的治疗现状与研究进展进行综述。     

育龄妇女生殖道感染情况及影响因素分析

目的：了解育龄妇女生殖道感染现状及影响因素。方法随机选择2014年1月-2014年12月在该院进行生殖健康检查的400例育龄妇女,对其进行问卷调查、常规妇科检查和实验室检查。结果育龄妇女生殖道感染患病率为46.0%。发病率居前五位的疾病依次为：慢性宫颈炎,发病率67.75%;念珠菌性阴道炎,发病率5.25%;滴虫性阴道炎,发病率13.75%;细菌性阴道病,发病率8.25%;念珠菌性阴道炎,发病率5.25%;慢性盆腔炎和附件炎,发病率4.25%。年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、流产史、避孕方式五个因素是生殖道感染的独立影响因素。结论育龄女性生殖道感染存在多种危险因素,应针对这些因素大力开展健康教育和健康干预。     

全国初治涂阴肺结核病例登记现状分析

目的 分析全国各省初治涂阴肺结核病例登记现状,为评价初治涂阴肺结核病例诊断质量提供依据.方法 根据2004-2005年全国结核病防治规划报表中初治涂阴和初治涂阳肺结核病例登记资料,分析各省2年初治涂阴肺结核病例登记率变化和增长幅度;统计各省及不同地区初治涂阴与初治涂阳肺结核病例登记率;对各省初治涂阴与初治涂阳肺结核病例登记率进行直线回归分析.结果 2005年全国登记初治涂阴肺结核病例316 405例,登记率为24.27/10万,各省登记率在6.01/10万～72.17/10万;2005年登记初治涂阴病例数比2004年增加了19.9%,其中2个省登记数呈负增长,其余各省登记数增长了0.5%～62.3%;2005年全国初治涂阳病例登记率是涂阴病例登记率的1.5倍,其中23个省初治涂阳病例登记率高于涂阴病例登记率,8个省相反;初治涂阴病例占初治涂阳病人登记率的比例,京津沪地区为149.28%,非项目地区为83.6%,项目地区为50.3%;对涂阳和涂阴病例登记率进行直线回归分析,回归方程y=22.342＋0.563 6x.结论 对初治涂阴肺结核患者实行免费政策后,全国涂阴肺结核病例登记率提高.但各省初治涂阴病例登记率和增长幅度以及涂阴病例登记率与涂阳病例登记率的比例悬殊.由于涂阴病例诊断困难,对于涂阴病例登记率高或增长幅度大的地区,特别在DOTS执行时间短和人力资源有限的地区,应对涂阴病例诊断质量予以进一步检查和评价.     

Rotavirus vaccination compliance and completion in a Medicaid infant population

We examined completion and compliance rates of rotavirus (RV) vaccination according to the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the Food and Drug Administration approved Prescribing Information (PI) for Rotarix^® (RV1, GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines) and RotaTeq^® (RV5, Merck and Co.) among infants under one year of age covered by Medicaid programs. Healthcare claims data from state Medicaid programs that constituted the Truven Health MarketScan^® Multi-State Medicaid Database were retrieved from May 2008–June 2012. Infants were grouped under PI and ACIP cohorts based on the dosing regimens followed. The overall compliance per PI (n = 673,956) and ACIP (n = 695,612) recommendations were 24.5% and 28.2%, respectively; completion rates were 30.3% and 32.6%, respectively. In the PI cohort, infants who received RV1 had significantly higher compliance as compared with infants who received RV5 (65.2% vs. 31.3%; p < 0.0001); completion rates among infants receiving RV1 and RV5 were 65.3% and 46.4%, respectively (p < 0.0001). In the ACIP cohort, compliance with RV1 was significantly higher than RV5 (68.8% vs. 45.9%; p < 0.0001) as was the overall completion rate (73.5% vs. 48.8%; p < 0.0001). While compliance is increasing year over year, overall compliance of RV vaccines is suboptimal, with over 40% of eligible infants unvaccinated in both populations. The 2-dose RV vaccine showed better completion rates and higher compliance than the 3-dose RV vaccine in the United States. Public health initiatives focusing on suboptimal compliance and completion rates of RV vaccination in the Medicaid population could improve these metrics, thereby offering protection against RV infection.     

三甲中医医院院长职业化管理培训现状与需求调查

目的 探讨当前我国中医医院院长对医院职业化管理培训工作的理解与需求.方法 对来自全国各地参训的60位三级甲等中医医院院长进行问卷调查,收回有效问卷52份,采用SPSS 17.0统计分析.结果 职业化管理培训工作在三级甲等中医医院得到较为广泛的重视;工作太忙、授课理论空洞乏味和教师授课水平参差不齐是影响培训效果的3位主因.从培训需求角度而言,经营管理、战略管理、财务管理、人力资源管理是重要的培训模块;管理方法与技巧、工作预见能力、有效的沟通方法是培训主攻方向;案例分析、课堂讲授仍然是培训需求的主要方式.结论 引入“拓展思路,学员本位、问题导向”培训理念,帮助学员深入解析管理环境、管理者个人以及环境与个体之间的关系,构建起职业化管理培训的长效机制,促进中医医院院长职业化管理培训工作的纵深发展.     

我国“注册前”临床实践人员执业调查分析

目的:从法律角度分析我国"注册前"临床实践人员无资质参与临床执业的现状,为完善《执业医师法》提供政策依据。方法:通过整群抽样的方法,集中选择北京等地区较早开展住院医师规范化培训的大型临床教学医院,针对"注册前"临床实践者、临床带教教师及卫生行政管理者开展定量调查,进行统计描述并应用卡方检验进行组间率的比较。同时,对北京朝阳区和海淀区人民法院近3年的764起医疗纠纷案件进行描述性统计分析。结果:"注册前"临床实践人员,存在独立出诊、单独值班、独立处置患者、独立操作有创技术、独立书写病历等违规情形;带教教师的现场督导亦存在缺位,医疗纠纷时有发生。建议:从立法、资格认证、医师资质考试等多角度确立"注册前"实践人员从事临床工作的法定资格,并针对"执业医师指导下"存在的法律问题提出解决方案。     

2019年江苏省疟疾疫情分析

目的　分析2019年江苏省疟疾疫情,为制订防止疟疾输入再传播监测策略和措施提供科学依据。方法　收集2019年江苏省疟疾病例报告信息、流行病学个案调查、疫点调查与处置结案报告等疟疾疫情资料,并采用描述性方法进行分析。结果　2019年江苏省累计报告疟疾病例244例,均为实验室确诊的境外感染输入性病例,其中间日疟4例、恶性疟206例、三日疟12例、卵形疟22例;11例发展为重症病例,1例死亡。全省13个设区市报告病例数居前5位的依次为南京、南通、连云港、泰州、常州,报告的疟疾病例数占全省报告病例总数的59.84%。2019年报告的244例疟疾病例中,2例感染地为大洋洲巴布亚新几内亚、1例为亚洲巴基斯坦,其他241例均为非洲的27个国家或地区,其中输入来源较多的国家为安哥拉、刚果民主共和国、尼日利亚、赤道几内亚和科特迪瓦。244例疟疾病例中,在发病当天和发病后1～3 d就诊分别有77例（31.55%）和146例（59.84%）,首次就诊和就诊后1～3 d确诊分别有149例（61.06%）和77例（31.55%）,从就诊到确诊平均时间为（0.80 ± 1.59）d,较2018年的（1.34 ± 2.59）d显著缩短（U = 2.53,P < 0.05）。结论　江苏省应继续加强输入性疟疾监测和管理,提高输入性疟疾诊断能力和危重疟疾病例救治能力,以巩固消除疟疾成果。