儿科介入呼吸病学的历史 现状及展望

国内儿科呼吸内镜的开展要比成人晚10余年。1985年,我国儿科医院开始使用纤维支气管镜。20世纪90年代,首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院创建了国内首个儿科支气管镜室,国内开始建立对呼吸专业有重大意义的儿科气管镜方法。发展至今,支气管镜术在很多医院都成为了方法过关、安全可靠的有效诊疗手段,对支气管镜术在诊断中的需求性甚至和CT一样普及,特别是对呼吸系统重症和疑难病的诊断与治疗起到了巨大作用。未来,要将儿童介入呼吸病学发展为综合多学科的临床应用。     

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??Stomatological emergency medicine has not became the secondary clinical discipline of oral medicine yet??and at present??its definition and academic position are still arbitrary. Based on China's health care system??this article analyzes the current situation of stomatological emergency medicine in China??tries to redefine its definition and puts forward ideas on the development direction and measures.     

Generator localization by current source density (CSD): Implications of volume conduction and field closure at intracranial and scalp resolutions

The topographic ambiguity and reference-dependency that has plagued EEG/ERP research throughout its history are largely attributable to volume conduction, which may be concisely described by a vector form of Ohm’s Law. This biophysical relationship is common to popular algorithms that infer neuronal generators via inverse solutions. It may be further simplified as Poisson’s source equation, which identifies underlying current generators from estimates of the second spatial derivative of the field potential (Laplacian transformation). Intracranial current source density (CSD) studies have dissected the “cortical dipole” into intracortical sources and sinks, corresponding to physiologically-meaningful patterns of neuronal activity at a sublaminar resolution, much of which is locally cancelled (i.e., closed field). By virtue of the macroscopic scale of the scalp-recorded EEG, a surface Laplacian reflects the radial projections of these underlying currents, representing a unique, unambiguous measure of neuronal activity at scalp. Although the surface Laplacian requires minimal assumptions compared to complex, model-sensitive inverses, the resulting waveform topographies faithfully summarize and simplify essential constraints that must be placed on putative generators of a scalp potential topography, even if they arise from deep or partially-closed fields. CSD methods thereby provide a global empirical and biophysical context for generator localization, spanning scales from intracortical to scalp recordings.     

2011年金牛区手足口病疫情监测

目的 了解2011年成都市金牛区辖区范围内手足口病感染、发病现况,为预防控制手足口病暴发或流行提供科学依据.方法 利用《中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统》对手足口病疫情开展监测,根据金牛区疾病预防控制中心2011年疫情监测资料进行流行病学分析.结果 2011年金牛区总共报告手足口病2 177例,重症病例31例,年报告发病率为183.40/10万,无死亡病例,托幼儿童和散居儿童是主要发病人群.结论 2011年金牛区辖区范围内手足口病预防控制情况整体较好,应在加强监测控制力度的同时做好对易感人群的健康教育,控制手足口病的暴发或流行,确保学校教学秩序和社会稳定.     

我国早产儿视网膜病变的筛查现状

早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)是一种属于可避免、可控的儿童主要致盲性及低视力眼病。筛查是早检出、早干预和早治疗的前提和关键措施，对降低儿童致盲率及视力损伤具有重要意义。本文主要对我国ROP筛查和发病现状作一综述，以期为ROP的防治提供参考。     

21所医院微生物室感染控制支持能力现状调查

目的 了解德州市二级及二级以上医院微生物室对感染管理工作的专业支持能力.方法 对德州市11个县市区,21所二级及二级以上医院进行现场检查及问卷调查.结果 全市17所医院设立了微生物室,12所医院参加了省级室间质量控制,5所医院既未参加室内质控也未开展室间质控；近95.0％的医院未落实三级报告等检验规程.结论 微生物室基本专业水平较低下,感染控制支持能力较差,制约了感染控制工作的深入开展；微生物室人员知识理念陈旧,亟待提高微生物学及医院感染管理知识技能.     

社区护士手卫生知识知晓情况及影响因素研究

摘要〓目的〓了解社区护士对手卫生知识的知晓率情况,深度分析影响社区护士手卫生的相关因素。方法〓采用便利抽样的方法选取长春市的4个行政区,用整群抽样法抽取25家社区卫生机构的252名护士,对手卫生知识进行问卷调查。应用单因素和多元线性回归法对调查结果进行统计学分析。结果〓社区护士手卫生知晓率总分为16.73±2.15,单因素分析显示,不同年龄、工龄、职称和受教育程度对手卫生知识知晓率影响有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归显示,工龄、文化程度和职称是社区护士手卫生知识知晓率的影响因素。结论〓长春市社区护士手卫生知识知晓率水平较低,管理者应采取相应措施来提高护士手卫生知识知晓率,有效防止社区卫生机构感染的发生。     

Measures of initiation and progression to increased smoking among current menthol compared to non-menthol cigarette smokers based on data from four U.S. government surveys

There are no large-scale, carefully designed cohort studies that provide evidence on whether menthol cigarette use is associated with a differential risk of initiating and/or progressing to increased smoking. However, questions of whether current menthol cigarette smokers initiated smoking at a younger age or are more likely to have transitioned from non-daily to daily cigarette use compared to non-menthol smokers can be addressed using cross-sectional data from U.S. government surveys. Analyses of nationally representative samples of adult and youth smokers indicate that current menthol cigarette use is not associated with an earlier age of having initiated smoking or greater likelihood of being a daily versus non-daily smoker. Some surveys likewise provide information on cigarette type preference (menthol versus non-menthol) among youth at different stages or trajectories of smoking, based on number of days smoked during the past month and/or cigarettes smoked per day. Prevalence of menthol cigarette use does not appear to differ among new, less experienced youth smokers compared to established youth smokers. While there are limitations with regard to inferences that can be drawn from cross-sectional analyses, these data do not suggest any adverse effects for menthol cigarettes on measures of initiation and progression to increased smoking.     

克罗恩病患者吸烟饮酒现状的调查与分析

目的了解克罗恩病患者吸烟饮酒现状,为给予针对性的生活习惯指导和健康教育提供借鉴。方法采用便利抽样的方法,应用自行设计的炎症性肠病患者吸烟饮酒情况调查问卷对杭州、南京和广州三市多家医院的157例克罗恩病患者进行调查。结果克罗恩病患者确诊后吸烟率为14.01%,且均为男性,其中36.36%患者每日吸烟量大于10支,有超过半数的患者存在不同程度的被动吸烟情况。目前有36.36%的吸烟患者已经戒烟;克罗恩病患者确诊后饮酒率为7.64%,其中38.46%患者每日饮用两种类型酒,23.08%患者饮酒频率超过3次/周,还有部分患者每日饮酒量超过正常人群平均水平。目前,50.00%的饮酒患者已经戒酒。结论部分克罗恩病患者仍有吸烟和/或饮酒的生活习惯,在知晓其具体吸烟饮酒行为的基础上,通过评估其对烟酒与疾病关系的了解程度给予个体化的健康指导,强调戒烟和适度饮酒对疾病的重要性。