Impacto de un programa de rehabilitación multimodal en cirugía electiva colorrectal sobre los costes hospitalarios

Introduction

Multimodal rehabilitation (MMRH) programs in surgery have proven to be beneficial in functional recovery of patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of a MMRH program on hospital costs.

Method

A comparative study of 2 consecutive cohorts of patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery has been designed. In the first cohort, we analyzed 134 patients that received conventional perioperative care (control group). The second cohort included 231 patients treated with a multimodal rehabilitation protocol (fast-track group). Compliance with the protocol and functional recovery after fast-track surgery were analyzed. We compared postoperative complications, length of stay and readmission rates in both groups. The cost analysis was performed according to the system «full-costing».

Results

There were no differences in clinical features, type of surgical excision and surgical approach. No differences in overall morbidity and mortality rates were found. The mean length of hospital stay was 3 days shorter in the fast-track group. There were no differences in the 30-day readmission rates. The total cost per patient was significantly lower in the fast-track group (fast-track: 8.107 ± 4.117 euros vs. control: 9.019 ± 4.667 Euros; P=.02). The main factor contributing to the cost reduction was a decrease in hospitalization unit costs.

Conclusion

The application of a multimodal rehabilitation protocol after elective colorectal surgery decreases not only the length of hospital stay but also the hospitalization costs without increasing postoperative morbidity or the percentage of readmissions.     

Differences in the economic valuation and determining factors of informal care over time: the case of blood cancer

Objective

To estimate differences in the economic valuation and sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with informal care between phases of the treatment in the case of blood cancer patients.

Costes de las terapias de las enfermedades neurodegenerativas: aplicación de un sistema de costes basado en las actividades

Objective

To apply the activity based costing (ABC) model to calculate the cost of therapy for neurodegenerative disorders in order to improve hospital management and allocate resources more efficiently.

Method

We used the case study method in the Francolí long-term care day center. We applied all phases of an ABC system to quantify the cost of the activities developed in the center. We identified 60 activities; the information was collected in June 2009.

Results

The ABC system allowed us to calculate the average cost per patient with respect to the therapies received. The most costly and commonly applied technique was psycho-stimulation therapy. Focusing on this therapy and on others related to the admissions process could lead to significant cost savings.

Conclusions

ABC costing is a viable method for costing activities and therapies in long-term day care centers because it can be adapted to their structure and standard practice. This type of costing allows the costs of each activity and therapy, or combination of therapies, to be determined and aids measures to improve management.     

Efecto de un programa de atención telefónica tras el alta hospitalaria de una unidad de cirugía traumatológica

Objective

To determine the impact of a 1-month telephone care program after hospital discharge from a trauma surgery unit on health services utilization and patient anxiety and to perform a budgetary analysis.

Methods

We carried out an experimental study in 604 patients who formed an experimental and a control group. The experimental group was offered telephone care to resolve doubts during the first month after discharge. After this period, data were collected from both groups on the following outcome variables: visits to the emergency department or family physician, hospital readmissions, and the results of an anxiety test. Data analyses included logistic and linear multivariate analyses and calculation of the budgetary impact of the program on the hospital, the Andalusian Health Service, and the National Health System.

Results

A total of 73 telephone consultations were conducted with 60 patients, almost half for doubts about the therapeutic regimen. For the outcome variable “visit to emergency department”, the group without telephone care had an odds ratio of 1.8 in the multivariate analysis adjusted for the other independent variables: days of hospital stay, patient anxiety and comprehension of discharge indications. No differences between groups were found in the remaining outcome variables. The budgetary analysis demonstrated the possibility of implementing the program at a cost of 1.65 € per patient.

Conclusions

This program proved effective in reducing visits to the emergency department at a low cost.     

‘I never thought that this baby would survive; I thought that it would die any time’: perceptions and care for preterm babies in eastern Uganda

Objective To explore the current care for and perceptions about preterm babies among community members in eastern Uganda. Methods A neonatal midwife observed care of preterm babies in one general hospital and 15 health centres using a checklist and a field diary. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 11 community health workers (CHWs) and also with 10 mothers, six fathers and three grandmothers of preterm babies. Three focus group discussions were conducted with midwives and women and men in the community. Content analysis of data was performed. Results Community members mentioned many features which may correctly be used to identify preterm babies. Care practices for preterm babies at health facilities and community level were inadequate and potentially harmful. Health facilities lacked capacity for care of preterm babies in terms of protocols, health workers’ skills, basic equipment, drugs and other supplies. However, community members and CHWs stated that they accepted the introduction of preterm care practices such as skin‐to‐skin and kangaroo mother care. Conclusion In this setting, care for preterm babies is inadequate at both health facility and community level. However, acceptance of the recommended newborn care practices indicated by the community is a window of opportunity for introducing programmes for preterm babies. In doing so, consideration needs to be given to the care provided at health facilities as well as to the gaps in community care that are largely influenced by beliefs, perceptions and lack of awareness.     

Los costes del ictus en España según su etiología. El protocolo del estudio CONOCES

Introduction

Patients with stroke associated with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) are a specific group, and their disease has a considerable social and economic impact. The primary objective of the CONOCES study, the protocol of which is presented here, is to compare the costs of stroke in NVAF patients to those of patients without NVAF in Spanish stroke units from a societal perspective.

Materials and methods

CONOCES is an epidemiological, observational, naturalistic, prospective, multicentre study of the cost of the illness in a sample of patients who have suffered a stroke and were admitted to a Spanish stroke unit. During a 12-month follow-up period, we record sociodemographic and clinical variables, score on the NIH stroke scale, level of disability, degree of functional dependency according to the modified Rankin scale, and use of healthcare resources (hospitalisation at the time of the first episode, readmissions, outpatient rehabilitation, orthotic and/or prosthetic material, medication for secondary prevention, medical check-ups, nursing care and formal social care services). Estimated monthly income, lost work productivity and health-related quality of life measured with the generic EQ-5D questionnaire are also recorded. We also administer a direct interview to the caregiver to determine loss of productivity, informal care, and caregiver burden.

Results and conclusions

The CONOCES study will provide more in-depth information about the economic and clinical impact of stroke according to whether or not it is associated with NVAF.     

Costes sanitarios directos del asma de origen laboral en España: una estimación para el año 2008

Background

Occupational asthma is the most common work-related disease in industrialized countries. In 2008, only 556 cases of occupational asthma had been diagnosed in Spain, which is quite far from even the most conservative estimates. In this context, the aim of this paper is to estimate the number of asthma cases attributable to the work setting in Spain in 2008 as well as the related health care costs for the same year.

Methods

The number of cases of occupational asthma was calculated from estimates of attributable risk given by previous studies. The cost estimation focused on direct health-care costs and it was based both on data from the National Health System's (NHS) analytical accounting and from secondary sources.

Results

The number of prevalent cases of work-related asthma in Spain during 2008 ranges between 168,713 and 204,705 cases based on symptomatic diagnosis, entailing an associated cost from 318.1 to 355.8 million Euros. These figures fall to a range between 82,635 and 100,264 cases when bronchial hyperreactivity is included as a diagnostic criterion, at a cost of 155.8 to 174.3 million Euros. Slightly more than 18 million Euros represent the health-care costs of those cases requiring specialized care.

Conclusions

Estimations of occupational asthma are very relevant to adequately prevent this disease. The treatment of occupational asthma, which involves a significant cost, is being financed by the NHS, although it should be covered by Social Security.     

Systematic review of studies assessing the cost of adverse drug reactions

Objective

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are an important healthcare problem. The objective of this study was to review published articles analyzing the cost of ADRs in any healthcare setting.

Method

We conducted a search of articles published on the cost of ADRs in the bibliographic databases from 1970 to 2010. We identified 28 studies and selected 16 that included cases of ADR fitting the World Health Organization's definition of these events. The information on the characteristics of the study design, the types of costs analyzed and the reported results were reviewed.

Results

The design features and populations included in the studies were heterogeneous. Only two studies explicitly defined the perspective adopted. Only five studies compared cases of ADR with matched controls without ADRs. All studies analyzed direct healthcare costs, but none analyzed indirect or intangible costs. Fourteen publications analyzed the costs of length of hospital stay. The average (SD) percentage of ADRs was 3.04% (0.2) [median 2.4%, range 0.7% to 26.1%]. The median length of hospital stay in patients with ADRs was 8.8 days (range: 0.15 to 19.2 days). Accounting systems and monetary costs varied widely.

Conclusion

Studies on the costs of ADRs are highly heterogeneous and have evaluated direct healthcare costs in hospitals. Their results indicate that ADRs generate substantial costs. More studies using appropriate methodology are needed on the costs of ADRs.     

The Usefulness of the MEESSI Score for Risk Stratification of Patients With Acute Heart Failure at the Emergency Department

Introduction and objectives

The MEESSI scale stratifies acute heart failure (AHF) patients at the emergency department (ED) according to the 30-day mortality risk. We validated the MEESSI risk score in a new cohort of Spanish patients to assess its accuracy in stratifying patients by risk and to compare its performance in different settings.