用电子控温加热板消化同时测定化妆品中的重金属元素

目的:建立用电子控温加热板消化化妆品同时测定砷、汞、铅和镉的方法。方法:将样品置于聚四氟乙烯罐体中,加入过氧化氢和硝酸,利用电子控温加热板的温控装置调节温度,消解样品。采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定化妆品中铅和镉,氢化物原子荧光光度法测定化妆品中汞和砷。结果:最佳消化条件是0.5 g样品,加2 ml过氧化氢和5 ml硝酸,100℃消化2 h,赶氮1 h。用本法所测样品的平均回收率在95.9%~105.9%之间,各类样品的相对标准偏差在1.4%~7.0%。结论:此方法的准确度好、精密度高,且适于实验室大批样品的检测。     

化妆品中6种雌激素的液相色谱串联质谱检测方法研究

目的建立化妆品中六种雌激素的液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定方法。方法分别优化选择合适的质谱及色谱条件,确定最佳分析条件。样品用甲醇溶解,涡流震荡,超声抽提,0.45μm滤膜过滤,采用LC-MS/MS测定。结果6种雌激素β-雌二醇(E2),雌三醇(E3),雌酮(E1),己烯雌酚(DES)和己烷雌酚(HE)的最低检出限(LOD)分别为2.4、0.2、0.7、12、6和5ng/g;最低定量限(LOQ)分别为8、0.7、2.4、40、20和17ng/g;6种雌激素在浓度(0～1000ng/mL)的范围内均呈现良好线性(相关系数≥0.9990),平均加标回收率在85.2%～102.8%之间,相对标准偏差均在2.76%～8.69%之间。测定市场抽检的28个样品,结果满意。结论该方法能在较短时间内同时检测化妆品中6种雌激素,灵敏度高,选择性好。     

Evaluation of cosmetic product exposures reported to the Milan Poison Control Centre,Italy from 2005 to 2010

Introduction. To the average consumer, “cosmetics” are not considered to cause damage to human health under normal conditions of use. Thus, cosmetic “safety” does not require any particular attention to the possibility that cosmetics may result in a toxic exposure, especially for children. Poison Control Centres (PCCs) provide specialized and rapid information for consumers and health professionals to ensure management of events related to the exposures to different agents, including Cosmetics. Poison Control Centres also represent a unique source of information to investigate the frequency and type of exposures to cosmetic and the related risks. Objective. An analysis of cases concerning human exposures to cosmetics collected from 2005 to 2010 by the PCC at the Ospedale Niguarda Ca’ Granda (Milan, Italy) was performed. Results. During this period, 11 322 human exposure cases related to cosmetics were collected accounting for 4.5% of the total human clinical cases. Almost, all the requests for assistance came from consumers (53%) and hospitals (40%). The most frequently reported site of exposure was the consumer's own residence (94%). The exposures mainly involved children younger than 4 years (77%). No difference in gender distribution was observed (female 49%, male 51%). Almost, all of the exposures were unintentional (94%). Intentional exposures, mainly related to suicide attempts and accounted for 6% of cases involving persons aged more than 12 years. Personal hygiene products (30%), perfumes and hair care products (excluding hair dyes) (both 13%) were the most frequently involved categories. Symptoms were present only in 26% of the exposures and were mostly gastrointestinal (46%). Most of the cases were managed at home (43%) whereas hospital intervention was required in 38%. Conclusion. Since the exposure frequency seems more likely to reflect product availability and accessibility to ingestors, our results call for closer attention to this type of hazard, especially for children younger than 4 years of age.     

European consumer exposure to cosmetic products, a framework for conducting population exposure assessments Part 2

Access to reliable exposure data is essential for the evaluation of the toxicological safety of ingredients in cosmetic products. This study complements the data set obtained previously (Part 1) and published in 2007 by the European cosmetic industry acting within COLIPA. It provides, in distribution form, exposure data on daily quantities of five cosmetic product types: hair styling, hand cream, liquid foundation, mouthwash and shower gel. In total 80,000 households and 14,413 individual consumers in five European countries provided information using their own products. The raw data were analysed using Monte Carlo simulation and a European Statistical Population Model of exposure was constructed. A significant finding was an inverse correlation between the frequency of product use and the quantity used per application recorded for mouthwash and shower gel. The combined results of Part 1 (7 product types) and Part 2 (5 products) reported here, bring up to date and largely confirm the current exposure parameters concerning some 95% of the estimated daily exposure to cosmetics use in the EU. The design of this study, with its relation to demographic and individual diversity, could serve as a model for studies of populations’ exposure to other consumer products.     

化妆品中铅的电位溶出测定法

目的 建立一种测定化妆品中铅的新方法。方法 样品消化后，用同位镀汞法在-1.2V条件下电解富集40s，铅在-0.20V处有一良好的溶出峰。结果 最低检出限为0.03μgPb^2 ，同一样品平行测定6次，均值3.574mg/kg，相对标准偏差4.1%。在样品中加入一定量铅Pb^2 进行测定。回收率90%-100.5%。结论 电位溶出法可应用于基层单位化妆品中铅的测定。     

Comedogenicity of cosmetics: a review

Adverse reactions associated with the use of cosmetics include comedones and folliculitis that substantiate the potential of cosmetic products to induce, aggravate or prolong acne.
Acne cosmetica is a particular facial variant of acne. It commonly affects young adult women who use cosmetics. Key to the management of acne cosmetica is the avoidance of comedogenic cosmetics. Thus, it is of crucial importance to evaluate cosmetics with respect to their comedogenicity. Methods of assessment include animal models, human models and clinical trials. Among them, the rabbit ear assay, although not ideal, is the best available.
Today, most commercial products are safe. However, dermatologists should remain vigilant and provide the guidelines for beneficial use of cosmetics to acne-prone individuals.     

BALB/c小鼠LLNA:DA改良法在15种化学物皮肤致敏性评价中的应用

目的探讨BALB/c小鼠LLNA:DA改良法在化学物皮肤致敏性评价中的应用。方法采用BALB/c小鼠LLNA:DA改良法,对13种已知和2种未知致敏性化学物进行评价,并进行方法真实性分析。结果 25%香叶醇、25%丁子香酚、25%异丁香酚、20%反式肉桂醛、25%α-己基肉桂醛、5%水杨酸己酯、5%对苯二酚、0.3%2,4-二硝基氯苯、100%苯、100%氯仿、25%水杨酸为致敏阳性,其余4种均为致敏阴性;方法真实性分析显示,该法阳性预测率为82%、阴性预测率为100%、假阳性率为33%、假阴性率为0、灵敏度为100%、特异度为67%、准确度为87%。结论 BALB/c小鼠LLNA:DA改良法可较好地评估化学物的致敏性,并完善了香叶醇、水杨酸己酯致敏性的相关毒理数据。     

两种预还原剂对化妆品中砷测定结果的比较

[目的]比较两种样品预还原剂对化妆品中砷含量测定结果的区别.[方法]利用氢化物原子荧光光度法测定化妆品中砷,分别用硫脲和硫脲-抗坏血酸作为样品预还原剂,采用加标回收试验,比较两种预还原剂对测定结果的影响.[结果]两种预还原剂对测定化妆品中砷的结果、回收率和精密度无显著差别.[结论]测定化妆品中砷时可以用硫脲替代硫脲-抗坏血酸作为样品预还原剂.     

1978份化妆品微生物污染状况

目的：了解台州市化妆品微生物污染状况。方法：按GB7918-87《化妆品微生物标准检测方法》和卫生部《化妆品卫生规范》2002进行检测分析。结果：1978份化妆品合格率为98.43%;市售和宾馆内使用的化妆品比生产企业差;水溶性、营养型化妆品比一般化妆品微生物污染严重;超标样品中以细菌总数超标最高,占不合格数的78.38%。结论：台州市化妆品微生物合格率趋于较高,并相对稳定;在本次检测中,染发剂未检出微生物,香水类虽未超标但微生物项目检测还是必要的;对于增加霉菌和酵母菌这项卫生指标是很有必要的。