Shy and bold great tits (Parus major): body temperature and breath rate in response to handling stress

A standard handling protocol was used to test the hypothesis that boldness predicts stress responsiveness in body temperature and breath rate. Great tit (Parus major) nestlings were taken from the field, hand reared until independence, and their response to a novel object was assessed. At the age of 6 months, during the active phase (daytime), body temperature was recorded and breath rate was counted immediately after capture and after 5 min of quiet rest in a bag. A second group of birds of two lines bidirectionally selected for the same trait was tested during the inactive phase (nighttime). During the active phase, body temperature and breath rate were higher in the first than in the second measurement. In the second measurement, shy individuals showed higher body temperature than bold individuals. In the inactive phase, values of both parameters were lower than in the active phase. Body temperature was lower in the first measurement than in the second measurement and no line difference emerged. Breath rate was higher in shy than in bold individuals and did not differ between the two measurements. Females had higher body temperatures than males, probably due to their lower weight, because body temperature was negatively correlated with body mass. The results indicate that body temperature and breath rate are indicators of acute stress in songbirds and that differences in personality traits during the juvenile phase are reflected in differential stress responsiveness later in life.     

"非典"流行期天津大学生心理健康状况的相关研究

目的探索"非典"流行期间大学生的"非典"压力源、"非典"压力应对策略与其心理健康的关系,为加强高校学生对突发事件的心理健康教育提供依据.方法用大学生"非典"压力源调查表、大学生"非典"压力应对策略调查表、自测健康评定量表对天津市大学生723名进行调查.结果大学生的"非典"压力应对策略对其心理健康有直接的影响;"非典"措施压力源对其心理健康既有直接影响,又有间接影响;"非典"信息压力源和"非典"疾病压力源对心理健康有间接影响.结论大学生的"非典"压力源、"非典"压力应对策略与其心理健康存在显著的相关关系.     

中小学教师职业倦怠与职业压力应对策略研究

目的探讨中小学教师职业倦怠与职业压力应对策略的关系,以便为中小学教师的身心健康教育提供科学依据.方法采用中小学教师职业倦怠问卷和中小学教师职业压力应对策略问卷,对中小学教师367名进行调查.结果中小学教师的职业压力应对策略中的忍耐策略、积极评价策略、自我调控策略、回避策略、幻想策略和接受责任策略对职业倦怠的情绪疲惫维度具有显著的预测作用;积极评价策略、接受责任策略、计划解决策略和忍耐策略对职业倦怠的少成就感维度具有显著的预测作用;忍耐策略、积极评价策略、接受责任策略和自我调控策略对职业倦怠的去个人化维度具有显著的预测作用.结论中小学教师的职业倦怠与其职业压力应对策略存在显著的相关关系.     

Pediatrician-friendly perspectives on cognitive behavioral therapy for anxious youth: Current status and clinical implications for the next normal

Pediatric anxiety disorders are common and often debilitating conditions. Cognitive is a psychosocial intervention that represents a potentially powerful antidote to these disorders. This article reviews data from treatment outcome studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews as well as from moderation/mediational investigations. The literature supports the efficacy, effectiveness, and durability of positive treatment outcomes for pediatric anxiety disorders. Recommendations for clinical applications are suggested.     

护士长工作压力与应对方式及心理健康状况的调查分析

目的了解并分析护士长的工作压力源、应对方式与心理健康状态,为合理选拔考核护士长,有效减轻护士长工作压力并提高其心理健康水平提供依据.方法采用问卷调查法对2所大型综合性教学医院的92名护士长的工作压力源、压力应对方式和心理健康状态进行调查分析.结果低学历及任职时间10年以上的护士长有较少的工作压力源;学历层次较高的护士长多采用有计划地解决问题的应对方式,而任职时间6～10年的护士长较少采用自我控制的应对方式,护龄6～10年的护士长较多采用疏远等消极的应对方式;学历层次高、护龄在10年以上的护士长具有较好的心理健康状态.结论在选拔考核护士长时,应充分考虑其个人特点、学历背景与工作经历,并针对不同层次的护士长,采取相应的措施缓解其工作压力,提高心理健康水平,增强管理能力.     

Are Peripheral Biomarkers Determinants of Eating Styles in Childhood and Adolescence Obesity? A Cross-Sectional Study

Disturbances in eating behaviors have been widely related to obesity. However, little is known about the role of obesity-related biomarkers in shaping habitual patterns of eating behaviors (i.e., eating styles) in childhood. The objective of the present study was to explore the relationships between several biomarkers crucially involved in obesity (ghrelin, insulin resistance, and leptin/adiponectin ratio) and eating styles in children and adolescents with obesity. Seventy participants aged between 8 and 16 (56.2% men) fulfilled the Spanish version of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire for Children to measure external, emotional, and restrained eating styles. In addition, concentrations of ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and glucose were obtained through a blood test. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses controlling for age and sex were computed for each eating style. Results indicated that individuals with higher ghrelin concentration levels showed lower scores in restrained eating (β = −0.61, p < 0.001). The total model explained 32% of the variance of the restrained pattern. No other relationships between obesity-related biomarkers and eating behaviors were found. This study highlights that one of the obesity-risk factors, namely lower plasma ghrelin levels, is substantially involved in a well-known maladaptive eating style, restraint eating, in childhood obesity.     

腹膜透析患者应对方式与社会功能的相关性研究

目的探讨腹膜透析患者应对方式和社会功能及两者间的相关性。方法应用医学应对问卷(MC-MQ)和社会功能缺陷筛选表(SDSS)对90例接受腹膜透析治疗超过3个月的终末期肾病患者进行评定。结果本组患者中有71例存在社会功能缺陷,占78.9%;社会功能缺陷组在MCMQ的面对因子分明显低于社会功能正常组,而屈服因子分则明显高于社会功能正常组;社会功能缺陷分与面对因子分呈明显的负相关,而与屈服因子分则呈明显的正相关,与回避因子分无显著相关。结论临床护理中应加强对腹膜透析患者应对方式的指导,促进其社会功能的改善。