Autobiographical memory in diabetes mellitus patients

Objective: Although current theorizing proposes that adjustment to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is influenced by appraisals of past health, there is little research into the role of autobiographical recall in patients with this condition. Autobiographical memory patterns were investigated in patients with IDDM and controls. Method: Fifteen patients with IDDM and 15 control participants were administered the Autobiographical Memory Test, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Survey (MHLCS). Results: Patients with IDDM displayed impaired access to specific positive memories and took longer to retrieve memories than controls. Impaired retrieval in patients with IDDM was associated with higher scores on the MHLCS-Powerful Others scale. Conclusions: Findings suggest that impaired recall of positive experiences is associated with poor adjustment to IDDM.     

大学生一般自我效能感、应对方式及主观幸福感的相关研究

目的探讨大学生一般自我效能感、应对方式及主观幸福感的特点以及相互关系,为高校大学生心理健康教育提供依据.方法采用一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、简易应对方式量表(SCSS)和Campbell幸福感量表对大学生266名进行测评.结果不同性别和专业大学生的一般自我效能感、消极应对和主观幸福感差异无显著性,文科大学生的积极应对明显高于理科大学生;大学生一般自我效能感与积极应对及主观幸福感存在显著正相关,积极应对与主观幸福感有显著正相关,消极应对与主观幸福感之间存在显著负相关;一般自我效能感、积极应对和消极应对对主观幸福感的解释量分别为13.4%,5.4%和4.0%.结论一般自我效能感与应对方式及主观幸福感存在显著的相关关系.一般自我效能感和应对方式是影响主观幸福感的重要变量.     

120名私企外来务工人员心理健康状况调查及其与应付方式间的关系研究

目的探讨外来务工人员心理健康的基本特点及其影响因素,尤其是与应对方式之间的关系。方法用症状自评量表SCL—90,应付方式问卷进行测查,对120名私企外来务工人员进行测试,结果用SPSS统计软件进行统计分析。结果(1)外来务工人员的SCL-90九个因子分,总分及阳性项目数均显著高于国内常模,而且性别、收入状况和婚姻状况对心理健康的得分有影响;(2)外来务工人员的SCL-90各因子中,最常见的阳性项目依次是强迫症状、人际关系敏感和抑郁;(3)外来务工人员的心理健康状况与应付方式中的“否认与心理解脱”,“回避问题转移注意”两个维度相关显著。结论外来务工人员的心理健康状况明显低于全国常模,是心理障碍的高发人群,这与他们平时所用的某些应付方式显著相关。     

大学生心理健康与应对方式及社会支持的相关分析

目的探讨大学生应对方式及社会支持与心理健康的关系,以便更好地开展心理健康教育。方法对临沂师范学院的216名大学生采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、应对方式问卷和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)进行调查。结果主观支持与抑郁、焦虑、恐怖及精神病性呈显著负相关(P<0.05),自责与焦虑、抑郁,幻想与强迫、人际关系敏感,合理化与躯体化、人际关系敏感呈显著相关(P值均<0.05),幻想与焦虑、抑郁、敌对及精神病性,合理化与敌对、焦虑、精神病性呈非常显著正相关(P值均<0.01)。结论大学生存有较多的心理问题,更多使用不成熟或混合型应对方式,其心理健康状况与社会支持及应对方式密切相关。     

太原市中学生应对方式特点及相关因素分析

目的探讨中学生应对方式特点及其影响因素,为中学生应对方式的干预研究提供理论依据。方法采用特质应对方式问卷、父母教养方式问卷、领悟社会支持量表、自我接纳问卷、自我效能问卷对863名中学生进行测试。结果中学生积极应对得分(34.34±5.87)高于消极应对得分(27.53±6.55);中学生的积极应对倾向(PC-NC)与父母良好教养方式、自我接纳、自我效能及社会支持呈显著正相关,与父母不良教养方式呈显著负相关。回归分析显示,中学生应对方式的影响因素主要有自我接纳、朋友支持、自我效能及父亲拒绝否认(F=78.16,P<0.01)。结论提高中学生的自我接纳、自我效能感,增加朋友社会支持,减少父亲“拒绝否认”的不良教养方式,有助于改善中学生应对方式,提高应对能力。     

医学院学生焦虑、抑郁、孤独及相关因素探讨

目的了解医学院大学生的生活事件与焦虑、抑郁以及孤独之间的关系,并探求情绪对于应对方式的影响。方法采用《焦虑自评量表》、《自评抑郁量表和抑郁状态问卷》、《孤独量表》以及《青少年生活事件量表》和《应对方式量表》,对浙江省某医学院的210名大学生进行集体问卷调查。结果性别、年级以及专业对于大学生的生活事件、情绪以及应对方式均有影响;大学生的情绪状况与生活事件和应对方式有不同程度的相关;不同的生活事件导致学生不同的情绪水平;不同情绪水平的学生倾向于不同的应对方式;最后,我们还得到了生活事件对于不同情绪的回归方程。结论医学院大学生的不良情绪有其各自的成因和特点,医学院大学生的心理健康教育必须针对这些成因和特点来进行。     

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目的探讨父母养育方式对子女人格特质的影响。方法2004-04四川大学华西临床医学院采用“父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)”和“艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)”对成都市区586名高一学生进行问卷调查,并采用SPSS10·0软件分析人格特质与父母养育方式之间的关系。结果在EMBU中,父亲的教养方式存在性别差异,而母亲的教养方式无性别差异;在EPQ中,P,N,L3个维度得分有性别差异,E维度得分无性别差异;相关及回归分析显示父母养育方式中母亲的惩罚、严厉(m4)对子女精神质(P),掩饰或纯朴性(L)两维度的影响更显著,母亲的过分干涉、过度保护(m2)对子女内外向(E)维度影响更为显著;父亲的惩罚、严厉(f2),母亲的过分干涉、过度保护(m2)对子女神经质或情绪的稳定性(N)维度的影响更显著。结论父亲对子女的养育方式存在性别差异;男、女生的人格特质有差别;父母养育方式对子女人格特质有影响。表明培养子女健全人格需父母采取个体化、正性的养育方式。     

独生子女新兵心理应激及其应对方式、社会支持水平的研究

目的研究独生子女新兵心理应激状况及其应对方式、社会支持水平,为开展心理服务提供依据.方法应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、简易应对方式量表和领悟社会支持量表,对929名独生新兵和3 686名非独生新兵进行心理测评.结果独生新兵SCL-90总分、阳性均分及4个因子分显著性高于非独生新兵(P<0.05或P<0.01);独生新兵积极应对和消极应对评分均显著性高于非独生新兵(P<0.05或P<0.01),且前者家庭外支持及总社会支持评分前者显著性低于后者(P<0.01);独生和非独生新兵各应对方式类型人数所占比例差异有显著性 (P<0.05或P<0.01).结论入伍初期独生新兵心理应激较非独生新兵强烈,这与其不恰当的应对方式和获取较少家庭外支持有关.     

Experienced Health,Life Satisfaction,Sense of Coherence,and Coping Resources in Individuals Living with Heart Failure

The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between experienced health, sense of coherence, coping resources, and life satisfaction in individuals living with heart failure. Twenty-two patients--12 men and 10 women--were included in the study. All subjects were admitted to a eight-week programme of aerobic training. Four questionnaires were used: the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MHLF), the Sense of Coherence scale (SOC), the Coping Resources Inventory (CRI), and the Life Satisfaction Checklist of Fugl-Meyer et al. After the exercise programme the mean score of MLHF was significantly lower as compared with the start of the programme. The majority of the individuals reported that they were satisfied with life as a whole, family life, partnership relation contact with friends, and their psychological state of health. Only one-third were satisfied with their sexual life. A high sense of coherence and coping resources characterized the subjects. There was a slight tendency for those who reported satisfaction with life as whole to report a stronger sense of coherence, a higher degree of coping resources, and a lower degree of symptoms of heart failure. A conclusion was that clinicians should emphasize that patients can continue to remain active and enjoy a reasonable quality of life.     

“Something of the two of us”. The emotionally loaded embryo disposition decision making of patients who view their embryo as a symbol of their relationship

Objectives: This paper describes a recently identified conception of the cryopreserved embryo as a symbol of one’s relationship (SOR). Methods: A questionnaire was sent together with the embryo disposition decision (EDD) form to patients for whom embryos were cryopreserved at the department in Ghent, Belgium. We collected data on patient characteristics, their EDD attitudes and the reasons for their willingness or unwillingness to consider each of the disposition options (donation to others for reproduction, donation for science and discarding). Results: The SOR view was found more often in patients who were less educated and whose last treatment was less than 3 years ago. Viewing the embryo as a SOR was not linked to more difficult decision making, but to more emotionally loaded decision making. In particular, patients with this view more often reported feelings of grief. This view was also linked to the outcome of the decision making process. Conclusion: The conception of the embryo as a SOR is part of an affective attitude towards embryos that has an impact on patients’ disposition decisions. Alongside patients’ values and principles, it is important that counselors acknowledge and clarify patients’ affective conceptualizations.