中小学教师心理控制源、应付方式与自我和谐的关系

目的考察中小学教师自我和谐、心理控制源、应付方式的状况及其关系。方法使用自我和谐量表、内控性、有势力的他人及机遇量表、应付方式问卷对200名中小学教师进行调查。结果①教师整体上倾向内控,使用最多的应付方式是解决问题,最少的是自责;②任教地点、职务、职称、学历不同的教师自我和谐、应付方式有显著差异,年龄、教龄、任班主任年限、自评心理健康水平、生活压力、工作满意度与心理控制源、应付方式、自我和谐的不同维度相关显著;③机遇和幻想对自我和谐有正向预测作用,内控、解决问题、求助对自我和谐有负向预测作用。结论自我和谐可以作为衡量心理健康水平的一个标志,中小学教师心理控制源与应付方式对自我和谐有重要影响。     

中学生焦虑与其相关影响因素的综合研究

目的：综合探讨中学生焦虑状况与其相关影响因素的关系。方法：采用中学生焦虑量表、青少年生活事件量表、艾森克人格问卷、中学生父母教养方式量表和应对量表对558名中学生进行问卷调查。结果：(1)中学生整体的焦虑处于轻度水平，52．6％的学生存在不同程度的焦虑问题，男女生在焦虑水平上不存在较为明显的性别差异，年级差异在焦虑水平上表现也不明显。(2)中学生焦虑与生活事件、父母教养方式、人格和应对方式各因子均有十分显著的相关关系，进一步的回归分析结果表明有八个因素对焦虑的预测作用十分明显，具体为不良情绪应对、学习压力、神经质、父放任型教养方式、人际压力、母过分保护和干涉、解决问题和精神质。结论：中学生中存在较为明显的焦虑问题，多个因素对焦虑有预测作用。     

企业员工应对方式与心理健康之间的关系

目的：验证不同应对方式对心理健康的单独与共同影响。方法：对4745名被试用分层回归的方法分析不同应对方式对心理健康的单独影响和交互作用。结论：单独使用“消极应对”的应对方式,对心理健康水平存在不利影响;而单独使用“积极应对”的应对方式能在一定程度上改善心理健康水平。“消极应对”与“积极应对”两种应对方式结合使用能显著改善心理健康水平,比单独使用这两种应对方式对心理健康更有利。     

小学教师主观幸福感与社会支持、应对方式的关系

目的探讨小学教师主观幸福感与社会支持、应对方式的关系。方法采用主观幸福感指数量表、领悟社会支持量表和简易应对方式问卷对152名小学教师进行问卷调查。结果社会支持各维度、积极应对方式与主观幸福感各维度之间的相关均有显著意义。结论社会支持、积极应对方式是影响小学教师主观幸福感的重要因素。     

The rheumatic patient''s early needs and expectations

During the last few years, studies have revealed that the need for psychosocial support and concrete social services are great in the early stages of the treatment of rheumatic diseases. The ability to keep a job, to do household chores, to participate in leisure activities and to maintain social relations is clearly impaired. Anxiety and depression are not unusual and often associated with weak support from relatives, loneliness and disturbed family relations. Nevertheless, the patients report resilience and determination to cope with the impacts of illness. Crisis intervention, vocational guidance and counselling about problems concerning the disease should be available and offered to the patients. As the patients seem to be unaccustomed to talking about their psychosocial problems, an empathetic and information-seeking attitude on the part of the health care staff is essential.     

高中学生自我价值感与应对方式、心理健康的相关研究

关于自我价值感的研究已经从概念、结构的探讨进入更为深入的自我价值感水平、发展特点以及与其他心理成分的关系的研究。国内关于自我价值感的相关研究 ,多数是借助国外的自尊量表作为测查工具 ,且仅仅从总体上考察了其他心理因素与自我价值感的相互关系[1-4] 。自我价值感作为应对的资源[5] ,不同自我价值感的人 ,在面对同一压力源时 ,可能有不同的应对反应 ,由此引起不同的情绪感受 ,因此 ,心理健康可能也存在差异。本研究将应用国内专家编制的有关量表 ,并将自我价值感视为一个较稳定的人格变量 ,考察自我价值感与应对方式、心理健康的…     

Responses of calves to acute stress: individual consistency and relations between behavioral and physiological measures

The present study examined the consistency over time of individual differences in behavioral and physiological responsiveness of calves to intuitively alarming test situations as well as the relationships between behavioral and physiological measures. Twenty Holstein Friesian heifer calves were individually subjected to the same series of two behavioral and two hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis reactivity tests at 3, 13 and 26 weeks of age. Novel environment (open field, OF) and novel object (NO) tests involved measurement of behavioral, plasma cortisol and heart rate responses. Plasma ACTH and/or cortisol response profiles were determined after administration of exogenous CRH and ACTH, respectively, in the HPA axis reactivity tests. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to condense correlated measures within ages into principal components reflecting independent dimensions underlying the calves' reactivity. Cortisol responses to the OF and NO tests were positively associated with the latency to contact and negatively related to the time spent in contact with the NO. Individual differences in scores of a principal component summarizing this pattern of inter-correlations, as well as differences in separate measures of adrenocortical and behavioral reactivity in the OF and NO tests proved highly consistent over time. The cardiac response to confinement in a start box prior to the OF test was positively associated with the cortisol responses to the OF and NO tests at 26 weeks of age. HPA axis reactivity to ACTH or CRH was unrelated to adrenocortical and behavioral responses to novelty. These findings strongly suggest that the responsiveness of calves was mediated by stable individual characteristics. Correlated adrenocortical and behavioral responses to novelty may reflect underlying fearfulness, defining the individual's susceptibility to the elicitation of fear. Other independent characteristics mediating reactivity may include activity or coping style (related to locomotion) and underlying sociality (associated with vocalization).     

重点理工科高校大一新生焦虑状况及相关因素的研究

目的探讨重点理工科学校大一新生焦虑状况及相关因素,为进行针对性的干预提供依据。方法以广东某重点理工高校2007级的大一学生为研究对象,采用自行设计一般项目调查表、状态-特质焦虑量表（STAI）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）、应付方式问卷进行测评。结果测查学生不论男女状态焦虑、特质焦虑分均显著高于地方常模;19.29%的学生睡眠质量较差;高状态焦虑组和高特质焦虑组解决问题、求助应付因子分均显著低于低状态焦虑组和低特质焦虑组,而自责、幻想、退避应付因子分则显著高于低状态焦虑组和低特质焦虑组;多元逐步回归分析说明,学生如常采用解决问题应付方式,在一定程度上可避免焦虑的产生,而睡眠质量差、采用自责应对方式则可加重焦虑水平。结论采取有效的认知应对策略其意义是使学生改变应激源,以使其变得威胁较小或变成挑战,把情绪基调训练成兴奋、期待和征服。     

老年糖调节受损者不同转归情况应对方式的比较研究

目的：探讨老年糖调节受损（IGR）者的应对方式特点,并比较不同转归情况的老年IGR者应对方式的差异.方法：对220例老年IGR者的空腹血浆葡萄糖（FPG）及口服葡萄糖试验2小时血浆葡萄糖（OGTT2hPG）进行测定,并用特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）对其应对方式进行评定,对不同转归情况的老年IGR者应对方式的差异进行比较.结果：老年IGR者的应对方式总体上是比较积极的,积极应对得分高于国内常模（P＜0.001）;有27.73%～78.64%的老年IGR者采用不同形式的积极应对方式,而4.09%～18.18%采取消极应对方式;不同转归组的老年IGR者应对方式的差异无显著性（P＞0.05）.结论：在老年IGR者的心理干预中应多关注采用积极应对方式较少、消极应对方式较多的这些人群.     

Lineage is an Epigenetic Modifier of QTL Influencing Behavioral Coping with Stress

A genome-wide scan was carried out on a segregating F2 population of rats derived from reciprocal intercrosses between two inbred strains of rats, Fisher 344 (F344) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) that differ significantly in their behavioral coping responses to stress measured by the defensive burying (DB) test. The DB test measures differences in coping strategies by assaying an animals behavioral response to an immediate threat. We have previously identified three X-linked loci contributing to the phenotypic variance in behavioral coping. Here we report on six significant autosomal quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to different behaviors in the DB test:one for the number of shocks received, three for number of prod approaches, one for latency to bury, and one pleiotropic locus affecting both approach and latency. These QTL contributing to different aspects of coping behaviors show that the effect of genotype on phenotype is highly dependent on lineage. The WKY lineage was particularly influential, with five out of the six QTL affecting coping behavior only in rats of the WKY lineage, and one locus affecting only those in the F344 lineage. Thus, epigenetic factors, primarily of WKY origin, may significantly modulate the genetic contribution to variance in behavioral responses to stress in the DB test.