六味地黄汤治疗Ⅲa型前列腺炎随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察六味地黄汤治疗Ⅲa型前列腺炎疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将60例门诊患者按随机数字表法为两组。对照组30例龙金通淋胶囊2~3粒/次,3次/d。治疗组30例六味地黄汤(熟地15g,山药、山茱萸各12g,茯苓、泽泻、牡丹皮、车前子、牛膝、黄柏各10g,萆薢15g),1剂/d,水煎200mL,早晚温服。连续治疗30d为1疗程。观测临床症状、NIH-CPSI总体评分、前列腺液、IL-8水平、不良反应。治疗1疗程,判定疗效。[结果]治疗组痊愈9例,显效10例,有效9例,无效2例,总有效率93.33%。对照组痊愈7例,显效6例,有效8例,无效9例,总有效率70.00%。治疗组疗效优于对照组(P0.05)。NIH-CPSI总体评分、IL-8水平均有改善(P0.05,P0.01),治疗组优于对照组(P0.01)。[结论]六味地黄汤治疗Ⅲa型前列腺炎疗效显著,值得推广。     

Focus group interviews: how aromatherapists feel about changing their practice through undertaking a randomised controlled trial?

In 2003/2007 a randomised controlled trial (RCT) was undertaken into the efficacy of aromatherapy in reducing levels of anxiety amongst palliative care patients. In the study patients were randomised into one of three treatment groups. The participating aromatherapists treated patients according to a strict research protocol. As the trial commenced, the therapists indicated a concern about a potential loss of their holistic principles while undertaking the trial. These genuine concerns formed the impetus to undertake a qualitative study to illuminate the aromatherapists' experience of changing their practice. Findings and discussions are through the themes that emerged. It appears that participating in a RCT does impact on aromatherapists' holistic practice but equally important is their commitment to undertake the research.     

Mindfulness-based stress reduction: What processes are at work?

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a program that has been shown to be beneficial for clinical and non-clinical populations. While much attention has been paid to participants' outcomes, little work has been published concerning processes underlying improvements. Herein, women who had finished medical treatment for breast cancer completed questionnaires pre- and post-MBSR and were interviewed using focus group methodology such that quantitative and qualitative data were combined to explore potential mechanisms underlying changes. It was found that the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale was a useful process measure to assess changes in mindfulness and that the Coping with Health Injuries and Problems questionnaire was useful in documenting changes in palliative (self-care) coping over the course of the 8 week program. Moreover, the Sense of Coherence questionnaire suggested that the women viewed life as more meaningful and manageable following MSBR. Our findings fit with Shapiro et al.'s theory that, over time, participants in an MBSR program "reperceive" what they encounter in their daily experiences.     

Evaluating healing for cancer in a community setting from the perspective of clients and healers: a pilot study

The real-life practice of ‘healing’ for cancer in the community as perceived by clients and healers was investigated in a multi-method pilot study. Fifteen clients received six weekly healing sessions. Pre- and post-changes in perception towards well-being and client experience were assessed by EuroQol (EQ-5D), measure yourself concerns and well-being (MYCaW) and a client satisfaction tool. Qualitative methods, including focus groups, explored the perceived effects of healing in more depth and the participants’ experience of taking part in research. The study was not designed to test the effect of healing on disease.

Quantitative data showed perceived significant improvements in ‘concerns/problems’ for which clients wanted help (p<0.01), well-being (p<0.01) and anxiety/depression (p<0.05) over the course of healing. Significant effects were not seen in all areas of quality of life. Qualitative analysis showed clients mainly sought help for psychological and emotional concerns and reported only beneficial effects of healing. Clients attributed many of the quantitative improvements to healing itself. Despite some concerns, healers and clients engaged fully with the research process, and were enthusiastic about the importance of research into healing.

Our study suggests that, while there are some confounding issues and study limitations to address, clients and healers perceive healing to have a range of benefits, particularly in terms of coping with cancer, and regard it as a useful approach that can be applied in a community setting alongside conventional medicine.     

ATDC蛋白在卵巢癌组织中的表达及其与β-catenin蛋白的关系

目的:通过分析ATDC蛋白在卵巢癌组织中的表达及其与β-catenin蛋白的关系,探讨ATDC蛋白及β-catenin蛋白在卵巢癌发生发展中的作用.方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测ATDC蛋白及β-catenin蛋白在卵巢癌、卵巢良性肿瘤及正常卵巢组织中的表达,分析ATDC蛋白及β-catenin蛋白与卵巢癌各种临床病理参...     

团体心理训练对野外驻训官兵应付方式的影响

目的探讨团体心理训练对野外驻训官兵应付方式的影响。方法将野外驻训官兵480人随机分为团体心理训练组与对照组各240人,进行3个月的团体心理训练与部队常规管理教育,采用应付方式问卷对两组野外驻训官兵进行训练前后的测评对比,并与中国军人常模比较。结果团体心理训练组训练后解决问题、求助的因子分高于训练前;自责、幻想、退避的因子分低于训练前,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）。对照组训练后解决问题、求助两项因子分高于训练前;退避因子分低于训练前,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。团体心理训练组训练后解决问题、求助两项因子分高于对照组;自责、退避两项因子分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组训练前的求助因子分低于中国军人常模;退避的因子分高于中国军人常模,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。团体心理训练组训练后解决问题、求助的因子分高于中国军人常模,自责、退避的因子分低于中国军人常模,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）;对照组训练后解决问题的因子分高于中国军人常模,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论团体心理训练改善野外驻训官兵应付方式的效果显著。     

Brief Report: Flat teams drive scientific innovation

With teams growing in all areas of scientific and scholarly research, we explore the relationship between team structure and the character of knowledge they produce. Drawing on 89,575 self-reports of team member research activity underlying scientific publications, we show how individual activities cohere into broad roles of 1) leadership through the direction and presentation of research and 2) support through data collection, analysis, and discussion. The hidden hierarchy of a scientific team is characterized by its lead (or L) ratio of members playing leadership roles to total team size. The L ratio is validated through correlation with imputed contributions to the specific paper and to science as a whole, which we use to effectively extrapolate the L ratio for 16,397,750 papers where roles are not explicit. We find that, relative to flat, egalitarian teams, tall, hierarchical teams produce less novelty and more often develop existing ideas, increase productivity for those on top and decrease it for those beneath, and increase short-term citations but decrease long-term influence. These effects hold within person—the same person on the same-sized team produces science much more likely to disruptively innovate if they work on a flat, high-L-ratio team. These results suggest the critical role flat teams play for sustainable scientific advance and the training and advancement of scientists.     

联络小组工作模式在糖尿病社区干预中的效果评价

目的探讨社区糖尿病联络小组在社区糖尿病患者管理中的作用与护理效果。方法以糖尿病专科医生及护士为主导,成立4个糖尿病联络小组,每个小组包括1名医生和2名护士,以医院附近的居民小区内的120名糖尿病患者为对象进行干预。干预前后进行对比。结果经过糖尿病联络小组干预3个月后,本社区糖尿病患者对糖尿病相关知识及操作技能的掌握程度显著提高(P<0.01),对胰岛素注射管理及低血糖处理的正确率明显提高(P<0.05)。结论社区糖尿病联络小组提高了糖尿病患者对糖尿病知识的掌握,减少了患者不正确的护理方式,自我管理技能显著提高。