海南省结核病控制项目示范市（县）实施七年效果分析

目的 通过对海南省6个项目示范县实施七年效果分析,为进一步控制结核病提供依据。方法 收集各示范县自1992年第2季度至1999年第1季度的季报表,进行统计分析。结果 6个示范县项目实施七年,共接诊可疑50980人,发现活动性肺结核10273例,其中涂阳7338例、涂阴2935例,涂阳登记率由第一年的39．5／10万,上升至第七年的48．1／10万,初治涂阳、复治涂阳的治愈率分别为94．1％、82．3％。结论 6个示范县项目实施七年来取得了明显效益,达到了高发现率和高治愈率的预期目标,为全省项目实施积累了经验。     

两种促排卵方案在超重多囊卵巢综合征患者中助孕效果的比较

目的探讨拮抗剂方案和长方案对超重多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者助孕结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2013年1月1日至2017年11月30日于本生殖中心初次行体外受精/卵胞浆内单精子注射(IVF/ICSI)助孕的PCOS且超重(BMI≥24 kg/m2)的356例患者临床资料,根据促排卵方案不同分为拮抗剂方案组(n=226)和长方案组(n=130),比较两组患者的基本资料、促排卵情况和临床结局,分析两组患者的中重度卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)发生率、优质胚胎率、一次移植妊娠结局和累积活产率的差异。结果基本资料中,两组患者的女方年龄、BMI、基础睾酮水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与长方案组比较,拮抗剂方案组患者的基础FSH水平[(6.42±1.63)U/L vs.(6.78±1.53)U/L]显著降低(P<0.05),而窦卵泡数[(32.55±11.06)个vs.(28.02±7.09)个]显著增多(P<0.05)。促排卵情况比较中,拮抗剂方案组患者的扳机日LH和P水平以及优质胚胎率(38.04%vs.32.26%)显著高于长方案组患者(P<0.05),但E2水平及获卵数无显著性差异(P>0.05)。在临床结局比较中,两种方案的中重度OHSS发生率、因OHSS高风险取消移植周期率、一次移植妊娠结局、乐观累积活产率以及保守累积活产率差异均无统计学意义。结论对于超重PCOS患者,与长方案相比,拮抗剂方案可获得更多的优质胚胎,但两种方案的临床结局相当。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位症相关不孕年轻女性患者术后应用GnRH-a对自然受孕率的影响

目的观察腹腔镜手术后应用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(Gn RH-a)对卵巢子宫内膜异位症(OEM)相关不孕的治疗效果,为临床应用提供依据。方法回顾性分析2013年1月-2017年12月于盘锦市中心医院接受保守性腹腔镜手术治疗的83例OEM伴不孕患者的临床资料。其中,37例患者单纯接受手术治疗,记为对照组;46例患者术后接受Gn RH-a治疗,记为观察组。对比两组月经周期与月经量恢复正常的时间、盆腔痛与痛经的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、性激素[黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)]水平、自然受孕率,并分析观察组给药期间的不良反应发生率。结果观察组月经周期与月经量的恢复时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组盆腔痛、痛经的VAS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组LH、E2、FSH水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);给药期间,观察组不良反应发生率为8.70%;随访期间,观察组自然受孕率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜手术后应用Gn RH-a对OEM相关不孕的治疗效果确切,可促进患者月经恢复正常,改善盆腔痛、痛经症状与性激素水平,提高患者自然受孕率,且安全性较高。     

2017—2019年广西省部分医用电子直线加速器质量控制检测结果分析

目的 了解广西省医用电子直线加速器设备性能的质量控制水平,为卫生行政部门研究制定医用电子直线加速器卫生标准和质量控制检测规范提供技术支持。方法 采用随机抽样方法,对广西省部分医用电子直线加速器进行质控检测。结果 2017—2019年累计检测118台次加速器,加速器质控检测（包括X射线和电子束）总初检合格率为56.8%,总复检合格率为96.6%;二级、三级医院加速器质控检测初检合格率分别为32.0%、62.2%,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,初检合格率最低的指标是辐射剂量示值误差,其次是辐射野均整度。结论 广西省医用电子直线加速器质量控制水平有待提高;卫生行政部门应进一步加强对加速器质控检测的监督,定期开展加速器质控检测。     

基于SQL的报表系统开发及其在放疗流程质控中的应用

目的 有效利用放疗科日常运行中产生的临床数据,基于科室已有网络资源实现放疗信息无纸化,提高放疗流程质控水平。方法 分析科室放疗流程及所需文档,运用基于SQL数据库的报表工具Report Builder,对放疗科已有网络Aria产生的大量数据进行提取和分析,开发报表实现患者现有放疗文档的电子化;运用PDCA的方法分析流程中存在的薄弱环节,提出对策并设计相应报表量化指标,从而提高流程质控水平。结果 自2020年全面实施以来,科室实施放疗两千余人次,患者放疗信息一次登记后全部文档实现网络存档和查询。根据实际工作需求制定了13个日常统计报表、5个季度和3个年度统计报表,通过报表统计使用报表前后3个月的放疗前等待时间由16.2 d缩短至14.8 d,工作人员能够掌握患者治疗进度,及时发现12例中断治疗的患者。结论 通过报表工具的信息提取能够实现放疗全流程信息网络化和患者放疗数据电子化,提高了人员工作效率和沟通效率,科室能够根据报表数据实时优化资源配置,提高放疗的效率和质量。该方法具有普适性和实用性。     

504名放射工作人员淋巴细胞微核率分析

目的 了解长期接触低剂量电离辐射的放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核率的总体水平,为采取相应的放射防护措施提供依据。方法 以2019年1—12月504名资料完整的在岗放射工作人员为放射组,以岗前职业健康检查拟从事放射工作的105名健康成年人为对照组,2组均采用常规培养法测定周围血淋巴细胞微核率,分析比较检测结果。结果 放射组微核率高于对照组（P < 0.001）;女性放射工作人员微核率高于男性（P < 0.01）;不同年龄组微核率差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,其中年龄41～50岁的微核率高于21～30岁（P < 0.05）;不同工龄组微核率差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,其中21～30年的微核率高于0～10年（P < 0.05）;不同工种间的微核率差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）,放射治疗岗位人员的微核率较其他岗位最高;不同级别的单位放射工作人员微核率中,市级医院最高,其中省级医院与企业（P < 0.05）、市级医院之间（P < 0.01）的微核率的差异有统计学意义。结论 放射工作人员的微核率高于非接触人员,女性的微核率高于男性,放射治疗的工作人员的微核率较高,应加强对此类人群的放射防护与日常管理。     

北京市东城区牙科X射线机性能及防护检测评价

目的 掌握北京市东城区牙科X射线机质量控制的基本状况,探讨辐射防护中存在的问题,为加强放射防护监管提供依据。方法 依据牙科X射线设备质量控制检测规范（WS 581—2017）对东城区18家医疗机构中的牙科X射线机进行检测和评价。结果 41台牙科X射线机总体合格率为92.68%,进口设备的合格率为100%,国产设备检测合格率为76.92%。6个性能检测指标中,“加载时间偏离”指标合格率为92.68%,“管电压指示的偏离”合格率为95.12%,其余性能指标合格率均为100%;机房防护水平全部合格。结论 北京市东城区牙科X射线机总体运行情况良好,但个别机构重视机房的放射防护,忽视口腔设备的质量控制检测。建议卫生行政部门、监管机构要加强对WS 581—2017标准的宣贯和普及力度,强化监督检查,加大处罚力度,提高各机构人员对牙科X射线机质量控制工作的重视程度,共同维护放射人员和公众的健康。     

Visual-vestibular interactions in postural control during the execution of a dynamic task

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the interaction between visual and vestibular information during the transition from quiet standing to the completion of a forward step. Six subjects were asked to take one step forward at the sound of an audio tone, with their eyes open or closed, and terminate the step in a standing position. During stimulation trials, galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) was delivered 1500 ms before the auditory cue. GVS was delivered at an intensity three-fold that of each subject's quiet stance threshold with either stimulus right, left or no stimulation. Force data were collected from three forceplates for the calculation of centre of pressure (CoP), and kinematic data were used to calculate centre of mass (CoM) and body trajectories. In quiet stance all subjects responded to the GVS perturbation by demonstrating upper body segment roll and whole body sway towards the anode electrode. Unexpectedly, in the presence of vision during quiet stance, the upper body roll response was not attenuated, even though the CoP sway patterns were reduced when vision was available. During the initiation phase of the step, despite ongoing GVS stimulation, there were no significant effects seen in CoM, CoP or upper body roll responses. During step execution, however, both CoM displacement and upper body roll demonstrated significant effects and both responses were significantly reduced when subjects' eyes were open. Analysis of the medio-lateral CoP integrals also indicated a strong stimulation effect between conditions late in the execution phase, which were largely attenuated with vision. The results suggest that the importance of visual and vestibular information varies depending on the phase of the task. In addition, the different integration between visual and vestibular input during quiet standing suggests a dual role for vestibular information. We propose that vestibular information in quiet standing has a role in maintaining whole body postural stability, as well as playing an integral role in the alignment of the body segments in preparation for proper movement execution. Vision was demonstrated to differentially attenuate these responses based on the phase of the task. Thus, visual and vestibular information appear to be integrated differently across the different phases of a forward-stepping task.     

The contribution of bone loss to postmenopausal osteoporosis

We have addressed the relative importance of peak bone mass and subsequent rate of loss in determining postmenopausal women's bone mass in old age, by examining longitudinal measurements of radial mid-shaft bone mass on various samples of healthy white postmenopausal women. Using both the variance estimate of age-specific rates of bone loss and the population variance in bone mass, we determined that rates of loss could contribute importantly to future bone mass. However, since we found a small negative correlation between initial bone mass and rate of loss, it was necessary to estimate the effect of bone loss as the complement of the contribution of initial bone mass. We found that the influence of bone loss (relative to initial bone mass) increases as the women age, such that by about age 70, the contribution of initial bone mass and rate of loss approached equality. However, estimated rates of bone loss were not very stable over time, so it was difficult to identify long-term fast-losers. We conclude that the rate of postmenopausal bone loss is an important contributor to osteoporosis at old age, but it is difficult to identify long-term fast-losers, thereby reducing the clinical value of assessments of rates of change in bone mass early in the postmenopause.