农村居民医疗服务潜在需求量及影响因素分析

目的 了解农村居民医疗服务的潜在需求及其影响因素。方法 采用分层多阶段整群抽样方法，对湖北省宜昌地区5县1839名农村居民进行问卷调查。结果 该地区治病未就诊率为13．21％，男女性未就诊率分别为12．01％，15．56％，采用Logistic回归分析方法，筛选出影响患病未就治的主要因素为性别、健康状况、对健康的重视程度、婚姻状况以及不同县等。结论 在农村要完善合作医疗保障制度，对医疗机构建设应以提高服务质量、降低成本、遏制费用增长为主要目的，并能提供更多的医疗服务，使患能及时利用医疗服务。     

血压家庭相似性研究

本文报道了北京市房山区１１４７人血压家庭相似性研究结果。亲子代回归法得出的血压遗传度估计值为０．４２（收缩压）和０．４８（舒张压），全同胞相关法得出的血压遗传度估计值为０．３７（收缩压）和０．５３（舒张压）。两种方法得出的遗传度估计值相差不大，这一结果提示血压的遗传符合加性多基因模型。本文报道的血压遗传度没有区分遗传效应和共同生活环境效应。此外，本文强调了将血压作为数量性状采用数量遗传学方法进行遗传度估计的合理性和有效性。     

一种新的正交参数选优法及其在非线性回归分析中的应用

非线性回归分析是工程中经常采用的一种用来估计数学模型参数的方法，该方法能否顺利运用与参数初始值的选择有极大关系。本研究提出一种新的正交参数选优法——阻尼正交表法，它不仅可以保证非线性回归分析算法的顺利收敛，而且能够显著提高后者的收敛速度，进而极大改善非线性回归分析算法的应用性能。本研究的数值试验及心肌造影超声心动图定量分析应用实例表明，作为对传统正交参数选优法的一种改进，阻尼正交表法在科学与工程计算或信号与信息处理领域有着很好的应用前景。     

Human parotid proline-rich proteins: correlation of genetic polymorphisms to dental caries

Parotid saliva contains a variety of proline-rich proteins. This study found that, among 306 children between the ages of 5 to 15 years, there is a significant increase in the decayed-missing-filled tooth surface (DMFS) score of the permanent teeth with age in children with the specific proline-rich protein phenotypes Pa and Pr. However, the increase in DMFS score of the permanent teeth of children was significantly greater in children with Pa+ and Pr22 than in those with the other phenotypes (Pa- or Pr11 and Pr12). The previously established close correlation between the Pa and Pr phenotypes and the genetic variants of salivary peroxidase (a powerful antibacterial system in the oral cavity) may provide an explanation for the relationship of certain proline-rich protein phenotypes to dental caries.     

有机氮源对红霉素发酵影响的具体分析

红色糖多孢菌的摇瓶培养基中使用不同有机氮源时红霉素的效价明显不同。通过对不同有机氮源所含营养成分的逐步回归分析,我们得到有机氮源中的苏氨酸为影响红霉素效价的主要因子。最后向对照培养基中添加苏氨酸,则使红霉素的效价比对照培养基提高了22.85%。     

药物的定量构效关系的方法学研究——改进的逐步回归算法

在定量的构效关系研究中,多重回归分析选人的参数,多是用穷举所有方程实现的。本文提出一种改进的逐步回归算法,计算实例表明,是个行之有效的方法。     

A model to predict long-term sustained response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C

Interferon therapy is used widely for chronic hepatitis C but only a minority of treated patients achieve a long-lasting sustained response. We have developed, by logistic regression, a mathematical model to estimate the probability of sustained response in an individual patient with chronic hepatitis C when treated with interferon-α (IFN-α). The model, which includes age, sex, disease duration, pretreatment serum γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase, alanine aminotransferase and virus genotype, was developed from a database of 307 patients and validated in a new set of 200 patients. It performed well as goodness-of-fit ( P = 0.71 and P = 0.15 in the development and test sample, respectively) and discrimination (area under receiver operating curve = 0.79 in the development and 0.78 in the test sample, respectively). This model may provide decision support in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C with IFN-α.     

Evaluation of the effects of opioid agonists and antagonists under a delayed matching-to-sample procedure in pigeons

The effects of several opioid agonists and antagonists were examined in pigeons performing under a delayed matching-to-sample procedure. The mu agonists morphine and l-methadone, the kappa agonists U 50,488 and ethylketocyclazocine, and the opioid antagonist naloxone had no effect on the accuracy of responding. These drugs were, however, behaviorally active as evidenced by the dose-dependent decreases in rates of responding associated with their administration. In contrast, the sigma agonists (+) N-allylnormetazocine and phencyclidine decreased the accuracy of responding in a dose-dependent fashion. The relative magnitude of these drug-induced decreases in accuracy were similar across the no delay (0-s), short (2-s), and long (8-s) delay intervals. For these drugs, accuracy-decreasing effects were obtained only at doses that reduced rates of responding. The results of the present investigation parallel those reported in pigeons responding under drug discrimination tasks, in which the discriminative stimulus properties produced by the mu and kappa agonists are similar to each other but distinguishable from those produced by the sigma agonists.Recipient of Research Scientist Development Award DA 00033 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse     

气象因素与霍乱发病关系的生态学研究

目的探讨气象因素与霍乱发病的关系.方法将绍兴地区1991～2001年霍乱各年6～11月份月平均发病率数据进行正态化处理后,再利用方差分析、回归分析对可能影响霍乱发病的气温、气压、相对湿度、日照时数、降水量等5项研究变量进行单因素相关分析和多元逐步回归分析.结果霍乱的发病与气温呈显著性正相关,与气压呈显著性负相关.结论霍乱发病与高气温、低气压有关.     

慢性酒精中毒酒戒断的震颤谵妄发作危险因素探析

目的探讨慢性酒精中毒患者发生震颤谵妄(DT)的高危因素。方法把148例慢性酒精中毒患者按入院后是否出现震颤谵妄分为震颤谵妄组(DT)和非震颤谵妄组(NDT),观察他们的人口学资料(如性别、年龄、民族、婚姻状态等)、饮酒依赖史(饮酒的年限、饮酒品种、饮酒量、戒酒史等)、既往史、个人史、家族史、入院时的体征和症状(包括生命体征、戒断症状等)和身体状况等项目,描绘其临床特征,并对23项变量进行Logistic回归分析,筛选出慢性酒精中毒患者发生震颤谵妄的高危险因素。结果148例慢性酒精中毒患者在住院期间发生震颤谵妄者共28例(占18.92%)。Logistic regression model结果显示慢性酒中毒者入院后发生震颤谵妄的具有显著相关意义的5个解释变量,即入院时观察指标中的急性感染疾病、心动过速、紧张焦虑状态、精神运动性兴奋和肝功能异常。结论出现震颤谵妄的慢性酒精中毒患者与未发生震颤谵妄的慢性酒精中毒患者在入院时的临床特征存在差异,对慢性酒精中毒患者入院时及之后监测急性感染疾病、心动过速、精神运动性兴奋、紧张焦虑状态和肝功能异常等5个高危因素,有利于及时有效的干预。