Relationship between geriatric nutritional risk index and subpopulation lymphocyte counts in patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

We investigated the relationship between geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and subpopulation lymphocyte counts (SLCs) in hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and evaluated whether they can be helpful in the diagnosis of malnutrition in these patients. We examined the GNRI and SLCs of 50 HD patients (mean: 55.8?±?12.7 years; 28 men and 22 women) and 16 Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) patients (mean: 49.8?±?14.5 years; 10 men and six women). The GNRI is calculated based on the serum albumin level, dry weight, and ideal body weight and uses the following equation: GNRI?=?[14.89?×?albumin (g/dL)]?+?[41.7?×?(weight/ideal body weight)]. SLCs were evaluated using flow cytometry. T-tests and χ² tests were performed to compare the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed for predicting malnutrition in dialysis patients. The average GNRI value was 100.1?±?8.4 in HD patients and 99.2?±?8.1 in PD patients, and no significant differences in GNRI or SLC were observed between the two groups. SLCs were higher in patients with higher GNRI (GNRI?≥?100) although there was no statistical difference. Logistic regression for predicting malnutrition according to GNRI revealed that age, female sex, and CD19 counts predicted malnutrition in HD and PD patients. These results suggest that GNRI and SLCs (especially CD19 count) may be significant nutritional markers in these patients.     

Total antioxidant and oxidant status of plasma and renal tissue of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxic rats: protection by floral extracts of Calendula officinalis Linn.

The present study was aimed to determine the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) of plasma and renal tissue in cisplatin (cDDP) induced nephrotoxic rats and its protection by treatments with floral extracts of Calendula officinalis Linn. Treatment with cDDP elevated (p?p?C. officinalis along with cDDP restored (p?>?0.05) CR, albumin, TOS, GSH and activities of antioxidant enzymes in blood and renal tissue. Ethanolic extract treatments reduced (p?C. officinalis protect cDDP induced nephrotoxicity by restoring antioxidant system of the renal tissue.     

Metabolic syndrome and its association with obesity and lifestyle factors in Sudanese population

Although modern life style factors affecting health is a crucial problem globally, little information about metabolic syndrome (MetS) is available for the Sudanese population. With this consideration the study was planned to assess the prevalence of MetS among young people of Sudan and their association with obesity and lifestyle factors. Serum lipid profile, blood glucose and clinically established parameters for obesity were assessed in 179 young adult male and 201 females at National Ribat University, Sudan. Relevant statistical test were applied using SPSS software. Based on anthropometric measurements, 137 students were obese. Amongst the 243 non-obese students 5 were under weight, 135 normal weight and 103 were over weight. In the study population, 317 students were normal (83.4%) and 63 students had MetS (16.6%) as defined by ATP III definition of MetS classification. MetS was found only in obese individuals (45.98%) and no case was detected in underweight, normal and overweight individual. The mean of cholesterol level in subjects with MetS was 159 as compared to those without it (149.93). Life style modification as healthy diet, regular exercise and preventive strategies may help reduce MetS, thus improving general health conditions in young individuals of Sudan.     

Cesarean delivery complications in women with morbid obesity

Objective: To compare cesarean complication rates between women with body mass index (BMI) 40–49.9?kg/m² and BMI?≥?50?kg/m² and associations with surgical techniques.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study from 2009 to 2014 included women who underwent cesarean with delivery BMI?≥?50 and an equal number with BMI 40–49.9. Wound infections and/or separations were compared. We also examined wound complication rates between skin closure techniques and self-retaining retractor use.

Results: Among 498 patients (249 with BMI?≥?50 and 249 with BMI 40–49.9) there were no differences in estimated blood loss >1000?mL, blood transfusion, deep vein thrombosis or endometritis. Among those with outpatient follow-up (144 with BMI?≥?50 and 162 with BMI 40–49.9), those with BMI?≥?50 had a significantly higher rate of wound separations (p?=?0.01) but not infections. There were no differences in wound complication rates between skin closure techniques or self-retaining retractor use, though the study was not powered for these comparisons.

Conclusion: Wound complications, particularly separations, increase with BMI?≥?50 compared to a lesser degree of morbid obesity. Skin closure techniques and self-retaining retractor use were not associated with cesarean wound complications in patients with morbid obesity.     

复发性流产患者NK细胞毒性和子宫动脉血流灌注对妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨复发性流产(RPL)患者NK细胞毒性和子宫动脉血流灌注对妊娠结局的影响。方法:回顾分析162例RPL患者的临床资料,根据妊娠结局分为流产组(n=30)和分娩组(n=132),比较两组的NK细胞毒性和子宫动脉血流阻力指数(U-RI)变化。结果:流产组的孕前NK细胞毒性高于分娩组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.02),两组的孕前U-RI比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.12);早孕期流产组各孕周的NK细胞毒性均高于分娩组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。U-RI在早孕期较孕前明显降低(P0.001),且分娩组U-RI随孕周增加逐渐降低;与分娩组相比,孕7、8、9周时流产组的URI明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P=0.008,P=0.001,P=0.043)。结论:孕前NK细胞毒性增高,孕7~9周子宫动脉血流灌注量下降的患者再次自然流产风险增高,两者为独立危险因素。     

不孕女性的生育和心理压力对子宫内膜及内膜下血流的影响

目的:探讨不孕女性的生育和心理压力与子宫内膜及内膜下血流的相关关系。方法:采用生育压力(FPI)、心理压力(SRQ)、特质应对问卷(CSQ)、生活事件量表(LES)对115例初诊的不孕女性进行生育和心理压力测评。同时,采用三维能量多普勒超声测量子宫内膜及内膜下容积、血管化指数(VI)、血流指数(FI)及血管化血流指数(VFI)。结果:FPI总分与子宫内膜及内膜下血流的FI显著相关(r1=-0.248,r2=-0.290,P0.05);积极应对与子宫内膜及内膜下血流的FI具有相关性(r3=0.210,r4=0.242,P0.05);生活事件与子宫内膜下VFI具有相关性(r5=-0.191,P0.05);且FPI的相关系数大于心理压力的相关系数。结论:FPI和积极应对与子宫内膜及内膜下血流的FI存在相关性,要重点关注不孕女性的生育压力。     

Visceral adiposity index as a predictor of clinical severity and therapeutic outcome of PCOS

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine-metabolic disease which often accompany with abnormal fat distribution. Visceral adiposity has association with abnormal lipid metabolic, pro-inflammatory activity, insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenism. Increased visceral adiposity raises the risk of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular (CV) events, and aggravates ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism in PCOS women. Visceral adiposity index (VAI), a simple surrogate maker of visceral adipose dysfunction and visceral adiposity, is a predictor of IR, and link hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenism and anovulation. This review aims to discuss the visceral adiposity situation in PCOS women, and suggests that VAI may be a useful predictor of clinical severity and therapeutic outcome of PCOS.     

Borderline amniotic fluid index and perinatal outcomes in the uncomplicated term pregnancy

Objective: To determine perinatal outcomes in uncomplicated term pregnancies with a borderline amniotic fluid index (AFI).

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of uncomplicated singleton pregnancies at term (>37 weeks). Borderline and normal AFI were defined as 5.1?≤?AFI?≤?8.0?cm and 8.1?≤?AFI?≤?24?cm, respectively. Adverse perinatal outcomes, cesarean delivery for non-reassuring fetal heart rate testing, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, a 5-min Apgar score of <7, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and whether the neonate was small for gestational age were compared between the borderline and normal AFI groups.

Results: Borderline AFI was not significantly associated with cesarean delivery for non-reassuring fetal heart rate testing (p?=?0.513), meconium-stained amniotic fluid (p?=?0.641), admission to the NICU (p?=?0.368), or a 5-min Apgar score of <7 (p?=?1.00). However, the number of neonates who were small for gestational age (p?=?0.021) and rates of induction of labor (p?<?0.001) were significantly higher in the borderline group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that borderline AFI was not associated with cesarean delivery for non-reassuring fetal heart rate testing (odds ratio [OR]?=?0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27–1.91, p?=?0.52).

Conclusion: In uncomplicated term pregnancies, a borderline AFI does not increase the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.