Heritability of the limbic networks

Individual differences in cognitive ability and social behaviour are influenced by the variability in the structure and function of the limbic system. A strong heritability of the limbic cortex has been previously reported, but little is known about how genetic factors influence specific limbic networks. We used diffusion tensor imaging tractography to investigate heritability of different limbic tracts in 52 monozygotic and 34 dizygotic healthy adult twins. We explored the connections that contribute to the activity of three distinct functional limbic networks, namely the dorsal cingulum (‘medial default-mode network’), the ventral cingulum and the fornix (‘hippocampal-diencephalic-retrosplenial network’) and the uncinate fasciculus (‘temporo-amygdala-orbitofrontal network’). Genetic and environmental variances were mapped for multiple tract-specific measures that reflect different aspects of the underlying anatomy. We report the highest heritability for the uncinate fasciculus, a tract that underpins emotion processing, semantic cognition, and social behaviour. High to moderate genetic and shared environmental effects were found for pathways important for social behaviour and memory, for example, fornix, dorsal and ventral cingulum. These findings indicate that within the limbic system inheritance of specific traits may rely on the anatomy of distinct networks and is higher for fronto-temporal pathways dedicated to complex social behaviour and emotional processing.     

Developmentally regulated release of intraretinal neurotrophic factors in vitro

The effects of conditioned media either from aggregates or from explants of embryonic chick retinae and of recombinant neurotrophins were tested upon the survival in vitro of ganglion cells in dissociated cell cultures from the retina of newborn rats. Ganglion cells were identified by the detection of retrogradely transported horseradish peroxidase injected bilaterally into the superior colliculus. Conditioned media increased significantly the survival of ganglion cells after 2 days in culture, at a wide range of plating densities, and had no effect upon adhesion of rat retinal cells. Media conditioned by cell ensembles from chick retinae from embryonic day 8 (E8) to E16 had neurotrophic effects. Release of neurotrophic activity peaked at E10-E12, irrespective of the numbers of cells or total concentration of protein in the conditioned media. The active molecules were non-dialyzable and were released either in the presence or in the absence of fetal calf serum. The neurotrophic activity was abolished by trypsinization, and recovered by salting-out with 25–75% ammonium sulfate. NT-4, BDNF and, to a lesser extent, NT-3, increased the survival of ganglion cells in our assay, while NGF had no effect. The data show that chick retinal cells release soluble trophic proteins according to a developmentally regulated pattern. These neurotrophic factors may be involved in local competitive interactions that help control naturally occurring neuron death among ganglion cells of the vertebrate retina.     

苯那普利和缬沙坦联合应用对大鼠阿霉素肾病的影响

目的:探讨苯那普利和缬沙坦对大鼠阿霉素肾病的干预作用。方法:实验Wistar大鼠实行右肾切除手术,以阿霉素尾静脉注射造模,分别用苯那普利、缬沙坦及两者联合灌胃。用药后2～8周检测血、尿标本;透射电镜下观察肾形态学变化;用TUNEL法检测肾组织细胞凋亡。结果:与肾病组相比,3个干预组中的肌酐、尿素氮、尿蛋白、血压均降低,且差异显著;电镜下肾小球超微结构改善;凋亡细胞减少,差异显著。联合应用组与单用组差异显著。结论:苯那普利、缬沙坦及两者联合应用均可延缓阿霉素肾病肾小球硬化的进展,其机制可能与减少细胞的凋亡及肾超微结构的改善有关,两药联合应用效果更显著。     

New frontiers of retinal therapeutic intervention: a critical analysis of novel approaches

A recent wave of pharmacologic and technologic innovations has revolutionized our management of retinal diseases. Many of these advancements have demonstrated efficacy and can increase the quality of life while potentially reducing complications and decreasing the burden of care for patients. Some advances, such as longer-acting anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, port delivery systems, gene therapy, and retinal prosthetics have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, and are available for clinical use. Countless other therapeutics are in various stages of development, promising a bright future for further improvements in the management of the retinal disease. Herein, we have highlighted several important novel therapies and therapeutic approaches and examine the opportunities and limitations offered by these innovations at the new frontier.

KEY MESSAGES

• Numerous pharmacologic and technologic advancements have been emerging, providing a higher treatment efficacy while decreasing the burden and associated side effects.
• Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) and its longer-acting agents have dramatically improved visual outcomes and have become a mainstay treatment in various retinal diseases.
• Gene therapy and retinal prosthesis implantation in the treatment of congenital retinal dystrophy can accomplish the partial restoration of vision and improved daily function in patients with blindness, an unprecedented success in the field of retina.

     

从4340份精液检查结果分析探讨不育的主要因素

 目的 回顾性分析4340份男性生殖系统疾病患者精液标本实验室检查结果,探讨不育的主要因素。方法 采用西班牙SCA精液分析系统,按照第5版《WHO人类精液检查与处理实验手册》要求对收集的4340份精液标本进行常规分析,用迈瑞BS-480生化分析仪检测精浆果糖含量。结果 4340份就诊患者标本,全完正常的1857份(43％),异常的2483份(57％),异常标本中,液化异常44份(1.77％),pH异常54份(2.17％),精液量异常303份(12.20％),密度异常616份(24.81％),活力异常1423份(57.31％),精浆果糖异常411份(16.55％),无精子症138份(5.56％),血精52份(2.09％),白细胞精子症89份(3.58％)。结论 精液质量降低是导致不育的主要因素,其中以精子活力影响最大。     

加速康复外科联合腹腔镜手术对胃癌患者术后肠道生物屏障稳定性的影响研究

目的探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)联合腹腔镜手术对于胃癌患者术后肠道生物屏障稳定性、免疫功能及应激反应的临床研究。 方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年6月期间收治的胃癌患者88例资料,患者均进行腹腔镜胃癌根治术治疗,按照治疗干预方案不同分为ERAS组和传统组。ERAS组42例患者采用ERAS干预,传统组46例患者给予常规治疗。采用SPSS 20.0进行数据分析,术后各临床指标、肠道菌属数目等计量资料采用 ±s表示,独立t检验;术后并发症、病理分级等计数资料采用χ²检验;P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。 结果ERAS组患者术后肛门通气时间、发热时间、下床活动时间、首次进食时间、住院时间显著短于传统组(P<0.05);术后ERAS组患者粪便各菌属数量明显多于传统组(P<0.05);术后3 d ERAS组患者血清CD4^＋、CD4^＋/CD8^＋ 、IgG、IgM、IgA明显优于传统组(P<0.05);术后ERAS组患者应激反应较传统组低,血清IL－6、CRP、TNF－α水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论加速康复外科联合腹腔镜手术对于胃癌患者术后肠道生物屏障、术后免疫功能、应激反应等具有重大意义,且可有效促进患者术后康复,值得临床推广。     

改良老年疾病累计评分表在老年消化道肿瘤患者中的应用

目的采用翻译引进的改良老年疾病累计评分表(MCIRS-G)研究老年消化道肿瘤患者的合并症分布情况及其对化疗安全性的影响,评价该量表的临床应用价值。方法80例入院接受治疗的消化道肿瘤患者按照设计好的入组标准进入实验,根据MCIRS-G详细记录患者的合并症情况。年龄≥65岁的患者进入老年组(37例),<65岁者进入对照组(43例),接受以5-Fu为基础的化疗方案治疗,化疗期间及之后四周内纪录出现的各种不良反应。不良反应的评价标准采用NCI3.0版常见不良事件评价标准进行评定,用MCIRS-G分析患者合并症情况,按照MCIRS-G得分、KPS评分和年龄分层研究化疗不良反应发生率的变化。结果两组合并症发病率差异有显著性(P<0.05)。老年组MCIRS-G平均得分16.19±2.25,对照组为14.67±1.08,差异有显著性(P<0.001)。不良反应的影响因素分析显示随着MCIRS-G评分升高老年组白细胞减少(P=0.014)、血小板减少(P=0.010)、贫血(P=0.031)的发生率显著增加,其它不良反应的发生率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。对照组中贫血(P=0.005)的发生率随着MCIRS-G评分升高而显著升高。相关性研究发现MCIRS-G评分与年龄呈正相关(P=0.004),与KPS评分无相关(P=0.375)。结论MCIRS-G在临床上能够有效评价老年消化道肿瘤患者的合并症情况,MCIRS-G评分预测毒副反应比KPS更敏感。年龄不应是老年消化道肿瘤患者接受化疗的限制因素,合并症才是影响化疗安全性的重要因素。     

利用医院信息系统优化门诊就医流程

随着数字化医院建设的深入开展,利用现代化的技术手段,通过信息系统的建设。探讨重新整和、优化门诊就医流程,以“服务病人,服务临床一线,服务医院管理”为宗旨,解决门诊病人就医“七长一短”现象。     

ABO血型与白血病

本文报道375例白血病患者ABO血型分布。其中,O型143例(38.1％),A型126例(33.6％);B型85例(22.7％);AB型21例(5.6％)。发现一例急性粒细胞白血病患者的血型由A型变异为O型。并就血型与疾病的关系,血型变异的可能机理进行了引述讨论。