自制一次性止血带在静脉输液中的新应用

目的:探讨自制一次性止血带用于输液固定及替代人工按压止血的效果.方法:将600例静脉输液的患者随机分为对照组和实验组,2组在静脉穿刺时均使用自制一次性止血带,穿刺后按常规方法固定,对照组撤去止血带,实验组再用松开的止血带固定针头硅胶管和输液管末端,观察一次静脉输液的成功率;拔针时对照组按常规方法压迫止血,实验组利用止血带固定棉签压迫止血,观察按压部位的出血率、淤血率,并与对照组进行比较.结果:实验组一次静脉输液的成功率明显高于对照组,P＜0.05;局部出血率、淤血率明显低于对照组,P＜0.05.结论:自制一次性止血带用于输液固定能提高输液的成功率,用于压迫止血能替代人工按压,值得临床推广使用.     

Early Vertebroplasty versus Delayed Vertebroplasty for Acute Osteoporotic Compression Fracture : Are the Results of the Two Surgical Strategies the Same?

Objective

In Korea, early vertebroplasty (EVP) or delayed vertebroplasty (DVP, which is performed at least 2 weeks after diagnosis) were performed for the treatment of acute osteoporotic compression fracture (OCF) of the spine. The present study compared the outcomes of two surgical strategies for the treatment of single-level acute OCF in the thoracolumbar junction (T12-L2).

Methods

From 2004 to 2010, 23 patients were allocated to the EVP group (EVPG) and 27 patients to the DVP group (DVPG). Overall mean age was 68.3±7.9 and minimum follow-up period was 1.0 year. Retrospective study of clinical and radiological results was conducted.

Results

No significant differences in baseline characteristics were observed between the two groups. As expected, mean duration from onset to vertebroplasty and mean duration of hospital stay were significantly longer in the DVPG (17.1±2.1 and 17.5±4.2) than in the EVPG (3.8±3.3 and 10.8±5.1, p=0.001). Final clinical outcome including visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index, and Odom''s criteria did not differ between the two groups. However, immediate improvement of the VAS after vertebroplasty was greater in the EVPG (5.1±1.3) than in the DVPG (4.0±1.0, p=0.002). The proportion of cement leakage was lower in the EVPG (30.4%) than in the DVPG (59.3%, p=0.039). In addition, semiquantitative grade of cement interdigitation was significantly more favorable in the EVPG than in the DVPG (p=0.003). Final vertebral body collapse and segmental kyphosis did not differ significantly between the two groups.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that EVP achieves a better immediate surgical effect with more favorable cost-effectiveness.     

Improved survival rate by temperature control at compression sites in rat model of crush syndrome

Background

Crush syndrome (CS) has been reported in disasters, terrorist incidents, and accidents, and the clinical and pathologic picture has gradually been clarified. Few lethal and reproducible animal models of CS with use of a quantitative load are available. A new model is needed to investigate pathologic and therapeutic aspects of this injury.

Materials and methods

Using a device built from commercially available components, both hindlimbs of anesthetized rats were respectively compressed for 6 h using 3.6-kg blocks. The effects of trunk warming alone without compressed hindlimbs (Group A), non-warming at room temperature (Group B), whole-body warming including compressed hindlimbs (Group C), or warming of compressed hindlimbs alone (Group D) during compression were examined. Survival rates were compared and hematological and histologic analyses were performed at specific time points after compression release.

Results

Limb or whole-body warming significantly worsened the survival of rats. We found a much lower survival rate of 0%–10% in animals, in which the hindlimbs were warmed during compression (Groups C and D) at 12 h after compression release, compared with 90%–100% in animals without warming of the hindlimbs (Groups A and B). Groups C and D showed significantly enhanced hyperkalemia at ≥4 h after compression release and all blood samples from dead cases showed hyperkalemia (>10 mEq/L).

Conclusions

We developed a new lethal and reproducible rat CS model with a quantitative load. This study found that warming of compressed limbs worsened the survival rate and significantly enhanced hyperkalemia, apparently leading to cardiac arrest.     

A nickel–titanium memory-shape device for gastrojejunostomy: comparison of the compression anastomosis clip and a hand-sewn anastomosis

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a compression anastomosis clip (CAC) for gastrojejunostomy and comparison of a novel technique with a hand-sewn anastomosis.

Methods

Sixty-six patients underwent gastrojejunostomy with the CAC or hand-sewn anastomosis. The time of bowel function recovery, the duration of nasogastric drainage, the time of initiation of oral feeding, the duration of postoperative hospital stay, the time needed to expel the clip, and the observation of any complications were recorded.

Results

Neither group had anastomotic complications such as leakage or obstruction. Anastomosis time was shorter in the CAC group than in the control group (P < 0.01). The mean time of clip expulsion was 15.1 ± 6.04 d. There was no statistical difference in postoperative results between the two groups. There was a moderate positive correlation between the day of first bowel movement and the day of clip expulsion (r = 0.536) and a strong correlation between the duration of nasogastric drainage and the day of clip expulsion (r = 0.881).

Conclusions

The method of using a CAC appeared to be safe, easy, inexpensive, and less time consuming. It should be taken into consideration that intra-abdominal complications may cause delayed CAC expulsion.     

Epidemiology of colonic diverticula and recent advances in the management of colonic diverticular bleeding

There is the East-West paradox in prevalence and phenotype of colonic diverticula, but colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB) is the most common cause of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding worldwide. Death from CDB can occur in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, thus the management of CDB is clinically pivotal amid the aging populations in the East and West. Colonoscopy is the key modality for managing the condition appropriately; however, conventional endoscopic hemostasis by thermal coagulation and clipping cannot achieve the expected results of preventing early rebleeding and conversion to intensive intervention by surgery or transcatheter arterial embolization. Ligation therapy by endoscopic band ligation or endoscopic detachable snare ligation has emerged recently to enable more effective hemostasis for CDB, with an early rebleeding rate of approximately 10% and very rare conversion to intensive intervention. Ligation therapy might in turn reduce long-term rebleeding rates by eliminating the target diverticulum itself. Adverse events have been reported with ligation therapy including diverticulitis of the ascending colon in less than 1% of cases and perforation of the sigmoid colon in a few cases, thus more data are necessary to verify the safety of ligation therapy. Endoscopic hemostasis is indicated only for diverticulum with stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH), but the detection rates of SRH are relatively low. Therefore, efforts to increase detection are also key for improving CDB management. Urgent colonoscopy and triage by early contrast-enhanced computed tomography may be candidates to increase detection but further data are necessary in order to make a conclusion.     

强骨胶囊联合鲑鱼降钙素针剂辅助治疗老年骨质疏松性压缩骨折临床观察

目的探讨强骨胶囊联合鲑鱼降钙素针剂辅助治疗老年骨质疏松性压缩骨折临床疗效及影响。方法 257例胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折患者随机分为3组,观察组口服强骨胶囊同时肌肉注射鲑鱼降钙素注射液,对照I组口服强骨胶囊,对照Ⅱ组肌肉注射鲑鱼降钙素针剂。观察临床疗效,测定治疗前和治疗后骨密度(BMD),血骨钙素(BGP)、血钙、血磷浓度及碱性磷酸酶。尿液中尿钙,尿羟脯氨酸,尿肌酐的含量,并计算尿钙/尿肌酐与羟脯氨酸/尿肌酐比值。结果观察组总有效率明显优于对照I组和对照II组(P0.05)。治疗后,3组BMD明显升高,痛觉评分均明显降低(P0.01),尤其观察组更加明显(P0.05)。治疗后,3组骨钙素较治疗前有明显的升高(P0.05或0.01),碱性磷酸酶和羟脯氨酸/尿肌酐较治疗前有明显的下降(P0.05或0.01),尤其治疗组明显优于对照I组和对照II组。治疗后对照组I组和观察组血钙较治疗前有明显的下降(P0.05),但3组组间无差异性(P0.05)。治疗后,3组血磷和尿钙/尿肌酐较治疗前变化不明显,组间比较无差异性(P0.05)。结论骨胶囊和鲑鱼降钙素治疗老年骨质疏松性骨折疗效肯定,能缓解疼痛,促进愈合和降低骨折的再发生,无明显不良反应。     

全膝关节置换围术期脉冲冲洗联合氨甲环酸的应用

文题释义：脉冲冲洗：是利用一定压力下的脉动水流冲洗伤口组织,通过脉冲水流的震荡作用及自动抽吸功能使伤口内的细菌、异物等借弹跳作用与组织脱离,从而冲洗更加干净彻底,并且最大限度保留了具有活性的组织,减少手术副损伤。研究表明,在关节置换手术中应用脉冲冲洗可增加骨水泥与骨的结合,提高人工关节假体的稳定性。 氨甲环酸：是一种纤维蛋白溶解抑制药,可有效抑制纤溶亢进,止血效果显著,目前己被广泛应用于外科手术。 背景：全膝关节置换围术期失血会影响患者的快速康复,诸多研究已证明氨甲环酸可减少围术期失血量,但也存在争议,尚无统一的观点。 目的：探讨术中脉冲冲洗联合局部使用氨甲环酸对全膝关节置换围术期失血、炎症反应及并发症的影响。方法：选择2018年8月至2019年12月南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院收治的单侧膝关节骨性关节炎患者63例,其中男19例,女44例,年龄60-75岁,按照信封抽签法随机分2组：试验组32例接受全膝关节置换治疗,术中采用脉冲冲洗联合氨甲环酸局部应用来止血;对照组31例接受全膝关节置换治疗,术中采用常规冲洗联合氨甲环酸局部应用来止血。术后计算患者围术期总失血量及隐性失血量,记录输血患者数和输血量;术后1,7 d时进行血清炎性因子与凝血功能检测;术后7 d时行下肢血管彩超检查是否有深静脉血栓形成。研究方案经南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院伦理委员会批准。 结果与结论：①试验组围术期总失血量、隐性失血量及输血率均低于对照组(P < 0.05);②试验组术后1,7 d的C-反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子α及白细胞介素6水平均低于对照组(P < 0.05);③两组凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间及国际标准化比值比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④两组均无深静脉血栓形成;⑤结果表明与常规冲洗联合氨甲环酸局部使用组相比,术中脉冲冲洗联合局部应用氨甲环酸可显著降低全膝关节置换围术期总失血量及隐性失血量,降低输血率,减轻膝关节置换后的炎症反应。ORCID: 0000-0002-2815-1084(周智) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

靶向药物洗脱支架压握过程的力学性能

目的 研究两种不同结构的药物洗脱支架（drug eluting stent, DES）压握过程的力学性能,以期对DES结构设计提供科学的指导。方法 采用Solidworks软件分别建立支架外表面没有刻槽的传统DES（I型支架）以及支架外表面有刻槽的靶向DES（II型支架）;通过ABAQUS有限元分析软件,对两种支架压握过程中的径向紧缩反弹比、轴向紧缩反弹比、压握不均匀性、残余应力分布等重要的力学性能指标进行分析。结果 同一紧缩外径条件下,两种支架径向紧缩反弹比、轴向紧缩反弹比以及压握不均匀性指数的差值分别在0.07%~0.12%、0.016%~0.033%、0.013%~0.048%之间,II型支架支撑体上存在面积更大的低应力区域。结论 相比传统DES支架,靶向DES支架在减少载药量的同时,力学性能并未降低,对心血管狭窄等疾病的治疗具有较好的临床应用前景。     

Von Willebrand factor and cancer; metastasis and coagulopathies

Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric procoagulant plasma glycoprotein that mediates platelet adhesion along the endothelium. In addition to its role maintaining normal hemostasis, more recently novel biological functions for VWF have been described, including inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Significantly increased plasma VWF levels have been reported across a variety of cancer patient cohorts. Given that VWF is established as a risk factor for venous thrombosis, this is of direct clinical importance. Moreover, elevated VWF has also been observed localized within the tumor microenvironment, correlating with advanced disease stage and poorer clinical outcome. Critically, evidence suggests that elevated VWF levels in cancer patients may not only contribute to cancer associated coagulopathies but may also mediate cancer progression and metastasis. Studies have shown that VWF can promote pro‐inflammatory signaling, regulate angiogenesis and vascular permeability, which may facilitate tumor cell growth and extravasation across the vessel wall. Endothelial secreted VWF multimers contribute to the adhesion and transendothelial migration of tumor cells key for tumor dissemination. In support of this, VWF inhibition attenuated metastasis in vivo. Perhaps most intriguingly, specific tumor cells have been reported to acquire de novo VWF expression which increases tumor‐platelet heteroaggregates and confers enhanced metastatic activity. Current knowledge on the roles of VWF in cancer and in particular its contribution to metastasis and cancer associated coagulopathies is summarized in this review.